The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is the focal point for distribution of remote sensing satellite data products in India and its neighboring countries. NRSC has an earth station at Shadnagar, about 55Km from Hyderabad, to receive data from almost all contemporary remote sensing satellites.

 IMS-1, previously referred to as TWSat (Third World Satellite), is a low-cost microsatellite imaging mission of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization). The overall objective is to provide medium-resolution imagery for developing countries for free. The data from this mission will be made available to interested space agencies and student community from developing countries to provide necessary impetus to capacity building in using satellite data.

 Launch: A launch of IMS-1 as a secondary payload on a PSLV vehicle (PSLV-C9) took place on April 28, 2008 from the SDSC-SHAR launch site (Sriharikota, India) of ISRO. The primary payload on this flight was CartoSat-2A (launch mass of 690 kg), an Indian military high-resolution panchromatic imaging satellite (based on CartoSat-2 of ISRO). 

 TWSat carries two payloads: the Mx-T (Multispectral Camera) and the HySI (Hyperspectral Imager). However, since the data of both imagers is rather high, only one of them will be powered on and data transmitted at any given time.  The spatial resolution of Mx camera is 37 metre with a swath of 151 km while that of HySI is about 506 metre with a swath of about 130 km. 

 Mx-T (Multispectral Camera). The instrument of modular design provides four spectral bands in VNIR, where each band employs an individual lens, a separate CCD detector, and separate front-end electronics. The camera operates in a pushbroom scanning mode to image the Earth. The spatial resolution at nadir is 36 m on a swath of 151 km. The 12 bit video output is coded to 10 bit with multi-linear gain. Mx-T has a mass of 5.5 kg and a power consumption of 18 W. 

 All the front end electronics and the video processors are accommodated on the electro optical module (EOM) itself. Each band has one detector which gives out data in 4 ports with 10 bits per pixel. The source data (32 Mbit/s) is sent to the baseband data handling system of the microsatellite bus, compressed and stored in SSR (Solid State Recorder). The recorded data is transmitted to the ground in S-band at 8 Mbit/s. 

 HySI-T (Hyperspectral Imager). The prototype instrument providing a total of 64 spectral bands in the VNIR region. Spectral separation is realized using the wedge filter technique. Detection is provided with a CMOS/APS (Active Pixel Sensor) area device. - The HySI-T data may be used for resource characterization and detailed studies. The HySI-T is being used on an experimental basis to obtain experience of such a payload and also of handling the hyperspectral data and generating the application models. 

 The data from the two payloads is being downlinked separately. The Mx-T data is compressed at a ratio of 3.4:1, formatted, RS (Reed Solomon) encoded and stored on SSR (Solid Sate Recorder). The downlink is in near real-time via the S-band transmitter. The SSR has the storage capacity of 16 Gbit providing a maximum storage volume of 20 minutes data in segmented form. 

 [Summary provided by the following online resources:
 http://directory.eoportal.org/get_announce.php?an_id=15158
 http://www.isro.org/pslv-c9/

The India satellite-based Earth observation market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing government investments in space technology, rising demand for precise geospatial data across various sectors, and the expanding adoption of advanced analytics. The market, valued at approximately ₹1500 Crore (approximately $180 Million USD) in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15.34% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated ₹6000 Crore (approximately $720 Million USD) by 2033. This growth is fueled by the increasing need for efficient resource management, improved infrastructure planning, and climate change monitoring. Key application areas like agriculture (precision farming, crop monitoring), urban development (mapping, planning), and climate services (disaster management, weather forecasting) are significant contributors to market expansion. The strong presence of both government agencies like ISRO and Antrix Corporation and private companies like Pixxel Space Technologies and MapmyIndia indicates a dynamic and competitive market landscape. Further growth is anticipated from the development and deployment of higher-resolution satellites and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning for advanced data analysis. The segmentation of the market reveals the dominance of Earth observation data as a key service offering. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are likely to hold a significant share in the satellite orbit segment due to their superior image resolution and frequent data acquisition capabilities. While urban development and cultural heritage are currently strong end-use segments, the agriculture sector is poised for substantial growth due to the increasing adoption of precision farming techniques. Government initiatives promoting digitalization and the availability of supportive policies will further accelerate market expansion. However, challenges remain, including high initial investment costs for satellite technology and the need for robust data infrastructure to effectively process and utilize the large volumes of data generated. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the India satellite-based Earth observation market remains exceptionally positive. Recent developments include: Jun 2024 - The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has finalized the plan for building its own space station, Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS), and will soon submit it to the government for approval,The final plans for Chandrayaan-4, India’s next lunar mission, which includes a crucial space docking station, and the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), is also awaiting approval. The NGLV will replace the current heavy space launcher, Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3)., March 2024 - The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will conduct the Space science and Technology Awareness Training (START) 2024 programme during April and May. In this connection, ISRO solicits Expression of Interest (EOI) to host START-2024 in educational institutes, universities, colleges within India who are offering UG and PG courses in physical sciences and technology.. Key drivers for this market are: Government Initiatives and Investments, Increasing Demand for Geospatial Information. Potential restraints include: Government Initiatives and Investments, Increasing Demand for Geospatial Information. Notable trends are: Government Initiatives and Investments to Drive the Market Growth.

The size of the India Satellite Imagery Services market was valued at USD XXX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 17.43% during the forecast period.The satellite image services primarily include acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation to extract useful information. This high-resolution information obtained and captured from Earth-orbiting satellites indicates aspects pertaining to land use and development in urban areas, agriculture, natural resources, and climate change.Indian satellite image services are achieving an exponential growth rate as they meet the increasing demand of various sectors. These sat data are increasingly being used by governments for urban planning, disaster management, and border surveillance. Agriculture uses satellite data to monitor crop growth, estimate yields, and carry out precision farming, while resource exploration and environmental impact assessments are common applications of satellite imagery in the mining and energy sectors. Telecommunications and the GIS industries depend on satellite imagery to plan networks and map areas.The growth of the Indian market is due to the focus of the Indian government on space technology and its initiatives to encourage the use of satellite data. There is vast potential and promising applications of satellite imagery services in the country of India, as there has been a rising advancement in technology along with sophistication of techniques in data analysis. Recent developments include: January 2023: The Indian Space Research Organization's National Remote Sensing Center released satellite images of Joshimath, a town in Uttarakhand that is slowly sinking due to land subsidence, and the images show that a rapid subsidence of 5.4 cm was observed in a span of twelve days between December last week and January first week., June 2022: Pataa Navigations, an India-based software firm, and Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) signed an MoU to enable access to ISRO's Geospatial Services and APIs for the creation of an addressing system during the opening of the In-Space headquarters. The company would launch an addressing revolution in India by providing access to satellite image-based digital addresses. Through this MoU, the partnership would be for the ISRO portals Bhuvan, VEDAS, and MOSDAC services.. Key drivers for this market are: Government Initiatives to Foster the Growth of Satellite Imagery Services in India, Increasing Importance on Disaster Management and Mitigation Efforts. Potential restraints include: Affordability and Accessibility might restrain the Market Growth, Limited Standardization and Interoperability. Notable trends are: Government Initiatives to Foster the Growth of Satellite Imagery Services in India.

The Indian Remote Sensing (IRS), Resourcesat 1 and Resourcesat 2 are operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The USGS in partnership with the ISRO, maintains an imagery collection of United States coverage that is processed by the ISRO processing system located in the Long Term Archive (LTA) at the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center. There are two sensors on board the IRS satellites that are processed at the EROS center. The Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) and the Linear Imaging Self Scanner-3 (LISS-3) are processed to a Level-1 systematic corrected dataset and a Level-1 Precision Terrain corrected product when sufficient control exists. The imagery is archived at the EROS Center. A collection of historical Resourcesat 1 also known as IRS-P6 is part of the collection. Resourcesat 2 data includes some historical data as well as forward processing over the United States.

Lesson 1. An Introduction to working with multispectral satellite data in ArcGIS Pro In which we learn: • How to unpack tar and gz files from USGS EROS • The basic map interface in ArcGIS • How to add image files • What each individual band of Landsat spectral data looks like • The difference between: o Analysis-ready data: surface reflectance and surface temperature o Landsat Collection 1 Level 3 data: burned area and dynamic surface water o Sentinel2data o ISRO AWiFS and LISS-3 data Lesson 2. Basic image preprocessing In which we learn: • How to composite using the composite band tool • How to represent composite images • All about band combinations • How to composite using raster functions • How to subset data into a rectangle • How to clip to a polygon Lesson 3. Working with mosaic datasets In which we learn: o How to prepare an empty mosaic dataset o How to add images to a mosaic dataset o How to change symbology in a mosaic dataset o How to add a time attribute o How to add a time dimension to the mosaic dataset o How to view time series data in a mosaic dataset Lesson 4. Working with and creating derived datasets In which we learn: • How to visualize Landsat ARD surface temperature • How to calculate F° from K° using ARD surface temperature • How to generate and apply .lyrx files • How to calculate an NDVI raster using ISRO LISS-3 data • How to visualize burned areas using Landsat Level 3 data • How to visualize dynamic surface water extent using Landsat Level 3 data

ISRO Hackathon

## Overview

ISRO Hackathon is a dataset for object detection tasks - it contains Satellite Imagery annotations for 1,269 images.

## Getting Started

You can download this dataset for use within your own projects, or fork it into a workspace on Roboflow to create your own model.

  ## License

  This dataset is available under the [CC BY 4.0 license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/CC BY 4.0).

The US satellite-based Earth observation market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.25% from 2019 to 2024 suggests a significant market expansion. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, advancements in sensor technology are enabling higher-resolution imagery and more frequent data acquisition, leading to improved accuracy and timeliness in various applications. Secondly, the decreasing cost of launching and operating satellites makes this technology more accessible to a wider range of users. Government initiatives promoting environmental monitoring, infrastructure development, and precision agriculture are further stimulating market expansion. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into data analysis pipelines enhances the value derived from satellite imagery, leading to the development of sophisticated applications for areas like urban planning, disaster response, and resource management. Segments such as Value Added Services and Earth Observation Data are experiencing rapid growth as companies increasingly seek ready-to-use insights rather than raw data. The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) segment is expected to maintain its dominance due to advantages in image resolution and data acquisition frequency. Major players like Airbus Defense and Space, Maxar Technologies, and Planet Labs are at the forefront of this growth, competing through technological innovation and strategic partnerships. Looking ahead to 2033, the US market is poised for continued expansion. While challenges such as regulatory hurdles and data security concerns remain, the overall outlook is positive. The increasing adoption of satellite-based Earth observation across various sectors, including agriculture (precision farming), energy (resource exploration), and climate services (environmental monitoring and weather forecasting), is driving growth. Furthermore, the integration of satellite data with other data sources, such as IoT sensors and geographic information systems (GIS), is unlocking new opportunities for data-driven decision-making across multiple industries. The North American region, particularly the US, is expected to maintain a significant market share due to substantial government investment and the presence of major technology companies. Specific growth within segments like agriculture and urban development will continue to be influenced by technological advancements and evolving regulatory frameworks, making for a dynamic and promising market landscape. Recent developments include: July 2024 - NASA will undertake six activities to meet the Earth observation satellite needs of U.S. Federal civilian agencies. These needs were identified through the 2022 Satellite Needs Working Group (SNWG) biennial survey of Federal agencies and represent high-profile needs for satellite Earth observation data. The SNWG is an initiative of the U.S. Group on Earth Observations (USGEO), which helps coordinate U.S. civilian satellite Earth observations. The SNWG Management Office (SNWG MO) at NASA's Interagency Implementation and Advanced Concepts Team (IMPACT) will oversee these activities., November 2023 - India and the US plan to introduce a new satellite for Earth observation called NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) in the first quarter of the upcoming year. The S-band SAR from ISRO and L-band SAR from NASA were combined at JPL/NASA and are currently being tested in Bangalore by URSC in collaboration with NASA/JPL officials.. Key drivers for this market are: Use of Satellites for Advanced Environmental Monitoring, Technological Advancements in Satellite Development and Imagery. Potential restraints include: Use of Satellites for Advanced Environmental Monitoring, Technological Advancements in Satellite Development and Imagery. Notable trends are: Increasing Use of Satellites for Advanced Environmental Monitoring.

Bhuvan is an online geoportal, that was released in 2009, which initially focused on image and map visualisation services but has diversified over a period of time. However, the versatility and diverse applications on Bhuvan platform have grown over a period of time. This has resulted in dramatic increase in its user base, services and outreach. There are more than 20,000 unique visitors every month, about 2.5 GB of data transfer occurs every day, and about 2,60,000 products downloads so far. In persuit of improving the spatial resolution of the satellite data product, Bhuvan could deploy IRS data at 2.5 m for the entire country and at the same time introduced 1 m natural color images for around 200 cities. Bhuvan is known for its frequent updates and App releases, Bhuvan saw more than 57 new releases during 2013-14 alone. This platform provides versatile viewing capabilities, such as, 2D, 2.5D, 3D and photo-realistic textured pictures draped on the image-based footprint to provide a unique viewing/ animation capabilities on the fly.

LEO Satellite Market size was valued at USD 7.3 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 20.18 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 14.75% during the forecast period 2026 to 2032. Increasing Adoption of Satellites for Earth Observation and Remote Sensing: LEO satellites provide high-resolution imagery and real-time data crucial for a wide range of applications. These include precision farming, crop health mapping, forestry monitoring, disaster management, environmental monitoring (e.g., climate change tracking), urban planning, and defense/surveillance. Governments and commercial operators are increasingly investing in these capabilities, as exemplified by the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) launch of Earth Observation Satellites (EOS).Government Investments and Strategic Initiatives: Many governments worldwide are heavily investing in LEO satellite programs for national security (defense, surveillance, border monitoring), civil applications (disaster management, weather forecasting), and to improve national connectivity. This includes significant spending by the U.S. (NASA, DoD), China, India, and European nations.