In 2023, software and tech hosting/cloud services/MSP companies had a much higher spending share on IT than other industries, amounting to ** percent and ** percent of their revenues, respectively. By contrast, the consumer products and services industry invested only around **** percent of their revenue in IT. Overall, all industries increased their IT spending per revenue share in 2023 compared to the previous year. Cloud computing Cloud computing is an essential IT service that utilizes a network of distant servers hosted over the Internet to store, handle, and process data. This segment of IT services was projected to generate revenues exceeding *** billion U.S. dollars in 2024 and is expected to continue its rapid growth trajectory. Managed Services Providers (MSPs) provide companies with the expertise and technical support to manage their cloud infrastructure and products without the need for in-house specialists. Cloud computing is segmented into three main categories. Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers software applications over the Internet, on a subscription basis, freeing companies from software and hardware management. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers a virtualized computing infrastructure managed over the Internet, allowing businesses to avoid the costs and complexities of purchasing and managing physical servers and data center infrastructure. Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.

Internet companies in China spent about 21.7 percent of their online advertising budget on the WeChat Official Account advertising in the fist half of 2019.WeChat is the most popular app in China with over one billion monthly active users in 2018. Its unique e-commerce design has become ideal for the brands to boost sales.

In 2022, the highest share of research and development spending (R&D) was made within the hardware technology producing industry, accounting for a total of nearly ** percent of the global R&D spending. The health sector and software producers followed in second at nearly ** percent each. In total, global R&D spending reached *** trillion U.S. dollars in 2022. Health industry and COVID-19 The high share spent by the health industry must be seen in relation with the COVID-19 pandemic that started spreading in late 2019 and caused deaths, lockdowns, and restrictions throughout 2020 and onwards. As governments and pharmaceutical companies sought to find an efficient vaccine against the virus, investment in research continued to increase. However, regardless of the pandemic, R&D spending within health care is essential in order to combat a variety of diseases, from small pox via malaria to cancer. Information and communication technology As people around the world become more and more dependent on information and communication technology, research spending by companies producing hardware and software continues to increase as these seek to further develop. For instance, all the seven companies with the highest R&D spending in 2022 were either software or hardware producing companies. The largest single investor was the software giant ******.

Government spending in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 44.4 percent of GDP in 2024 . This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Government Spending to GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Fine arts schools enjoyed solid revenue growth in the years leading up to the pandemic as spending on leisure activities and disposable income swelled. The COVID-19 pandemic forced fine arts schools to contend with plummeting enrollment as lockdowns prevented social gatherings and skyrocketing unemployment left many unable to partake in their favorite recreational pastimes. Lingering transmission concerns and price competition limited revenue's recovery, though revenue returned to growth in 2022. While inflationary pressures dragged down disposable income in the years since, solid demand for recreation among consumers with lingering memories of lockdowns led to heightened spending on fine arts classes. Industry-wide revenue has been expanding at an annualized 0.6% over the past five years to 2024 to total $7.3 billion, despite a dip of 0.7% in 2024 alone. Fine arts schools faced notably reduced profit in 2020 as most of the industry couldn't replace their classes with online alternatives. Dampened revenue made fixed costs more challenging to cover. While a delayed recovery continued to impact revenue, schools brought back profit in 2021 by shrinking their workforce. Eager students were willing to overlook some higher-than-usual student-to-teacher ratios, but rising competition in the years since has brought this competitive base back to the forefront of the mind for fine arts enthusiasts with many options. Profit has accordingly taken a slight downturn, but the industry's reliance on part-time workers and volunteers has helped buoy profit from a more significant downturn. Through 2029, recovering per capita disposable income and recreational spending will drive the industry upwards. Year-over-year revenue growth will be much more muted than in recent years, though, as falling government funding will force fine arts schools to raise tuition and rely more on donations from corporations and individuals. Public schools will continue to cut underperforming programs, shrinking the number of students exposed to the fine arts. Overall, industry revenue is set to climb at a CAGR of 1.0% to $7.7 billion through the end of 2029.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT SPENDING TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

While shifting consumer preferences and a crowded foodservice landscape, fast food restaurants have maintained a steady pace of growth. Over the five years to 2025, industry revenue has expanded at a CAGR of 3.9%, reaching $417.5 billion. Notably, 2025 alone will experience a 1.1% increase in revenue. The trend towards fast casual dining has bolstered the industry, helping fast food chains hold their ground amid fierce competition. As health awareness continues to rise, consumers demand healthier and alternative options to conventional fast food. To an extent, major chains have met this demand by introducing healthier menu selections. Other innovative measures included investments in meat substitutes and introducing various dietary preferences to attract a broader consumer base. However, the shift towards a healthier lifestyle has somewhat dampened demand for traditional fast food staples, leading to a decline in industry profit. Between 2022 and 2025, fast food restaurants have grappled with surging operational costs, including purchase, utility, rent and labor. The collective force of these cost increases has depressed industry profit, reaching 4.6% of revenue in 2025. Higher minimum wages, especially in California, have been detrimental to fast food restaurant's bottom lines, which subsequently boost technology adoption such as AI drive-thus. Over the next five years, the fast food industry is expected to maintain its growth trajectory, albeit slower. With fast casual restaurants on the rise and consumer spending expected to climb, further revenue growth for the fast food industry is expected. However, the environment is forecast to grow slowly for fast food chains, as many segments within the industry approach saturation. Despite these challenges, successful operations in the industry will likely pivot in response to changing consumer preferences. In this evolving scenario, the concept of fast food is likely to expand beyond its traditional confines to include a broader range of choices. However, intense competition within the industry will continue to put downward pressure on prices, and hence, revenue growth is expected to slow over the next five years. Projections indicate a CAGR of 1.3% over the next five years, bringing the industry revenue to $445.2 billion by 2030.

This statistic represents the percentage of expenditure on research and development of total revenue in 2022, by industrial sector. The data was generated from the numbers of the 2,500 top companies worldwide. In 2022, spending on research and development accounted for around ** percent of the total revenue in the health industries.

Health and medical insurance companies experienced significant fluctuations in performance in recent years. The onset of COVID-19 led to a substantial increase in healthcare spending in 2020 and 2021, as demand for medical services surged. Consequently, investment in health insurance witnessed a dramatic rise, contributing to robust revenue growth during these years. However, with inflation peaking in 2022, consumer purchasing power diminished, causing households to reduce their spending on health insurance. This factor, coupled with a slowdown in health expenditure growth as the immediate pandemic effects waned, resulted in meager revenue growth for insurers in 2022, a notable deceleration compared to prior years. The industry performed better in 2023 as low inflation enabled consumers to more easily afford health insurance, with revenue then rising significantly in 2024 due to soaring investment income. More broadly, providers have been influenced by slowing healthcare inflation, despite a historically rapid rise in prior decades. For example, from 1970 to 2010, health expenditures skyrocketed, buoyed by substantial innovations. However, recent years have seen this growth plateau. This is attributed to a shift toward less costly innovation, focusing more on pharmaceutical advancements rather than costly healthcare system overhauls. Consequently, providers have faced slower revenue growth. Consolidation has risen as the industry’s largest players have used economies of scale, acquisitions and advertising to take over more of the market. Regardless, internal competition has soared as more providers have entered the industry to capture new revenue streams due to rising short-term health spending and the aging of the US population, constraining profit. Overall, revenue for health and medical insurance companies has swelled at a CAGR of 3.8% over the past five years, reaching $1.5 trillion in 2025. This includes a 2.5% rise in revenue in that year. The industry's landscape is set for further evolution over the next five years. Anticipated steady economic growth, with GDP projected to rise and unemployment to remain low, is likely to bolster health insurance revenue streams, primarily through heightened spending on employer-sponsored and private health plans. However, the potential for economic disruptions, such as the implementation of tariffs, could affect providers’ stability. As the population ages and healthcare demand grows, insurers will seek to tailor their policies to address the needs of an older demographic, necessitating comprehensive services. Overall, revenue for health and medical insurance providers is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 2.7% over the next five years, reaching $1.8 trillion in 2030.

The Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED) database is a resource of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) that contains information on agricultural and other sectoral public expenditures in 147 countries from 1980 to 2016. Policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders can use this robust database to examine both historical trends and the allocation of government resources across sectors. It also allows for comparisons with other countries within a region or at a similar level of development. Because the SPEED database covers many countries for a long time period, it allows analysts of government spending to examine national policy priorities, as reflected in the allocation of public expenditures, and track development goals and the cost-effectiveness of public spending both within and across countries. Indicators reported in this data study include total agricultural expenditure, agricultural spending per capita, and the ratio of agricultural spending to the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) for years 1995, 2000, and 2016. IFPRI researchers have compiled data from multiple sources, including the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, United Nations, and national governments, and conducted extensive data checks and adjustments to ensure consistent spending measurements over time that are free of exchange-rate fluctuations and currency denomination changes.

Having seen growth through the end of 2025, revenue for the heating and air-conditioning contractors industry is influenced by changes in per capita disposable income, interest rates, consumer spending and a host of other drivers. HVAC contractors operate a steady business thanks to the necessity of their services and regular repair and maintenance work. Government support, including Qualified Improvement Property (QIP) tax write-offs, has aided revenue growth. Coming off the heels of historically low rates, interest rate hikes weakened residential and nonresidential markets since 2022. The elevated cost of borrowing particularly reduced residential construction activity, while nonresidential construction managed to continue expanding amid a hot reopened economy. Manufacturing construction spending, in particular, saw strong growth amid supportive federal policies. Interest rate cuts, which began in 2024 and have continued into 2025, provide a bright spot for contractors. Overall, revenue for heating and air-conditioning contractors is expected to expand at a CAGR of 2.5% during the current period, reaching $156.2 billion in 2025, when revenue is set to climb 2.4%. As interest rate cuts are set to continue and construction activity continues to expand along with the broader US economy, HVAC contractors will see expanding opportunities. High wages and corporate profit will hike spending from the residential and nonresidential sectors, aiding revenue growth. Contractors will see new opportunities as consumers seek newer and environmentally friendly systems. Tax credits and grants for energy-efficient heating and cooling equipment under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) will provide an avenue of growth for the industry. However, some of the second Trump administration's policies could threaten HVAC contractors; the administration paused certain funding included in the IRA, which could threaten rebates for heat pumps. A potentially escalating trade war also stands to drive up prices. Still, revenue for heating and air-conditioning contractors is forecast to rise at a CAGR of 2.6% during the outlook period, reaching $177.7 billion in 2030, while profit is set to see tepid growth amid continued labor shortages.

High-Purity Titanium Market Outlook

The global high-purity titanium market size was valued at approximately USD 4.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 7.6 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% during the forecast period. The robust demand across various high-tech and industrial applications is one of the main growth factors driving market expansion.

The market for high-purity titanium is primarily driven by increased demand in the aerospace sector. High-purity titanium is crucial in aerospace applications due to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. As the global aerospace industry continues to expand, driven by rising air travel and defense spending, the demand for high-purity titanium is expected to grow correspondingly. Additionally, advancements in aerospace technology, such as the development of next-generation aircraft, provide further impetus to the market.

Another significant growth factor is the burgeoning medical sector. High-purity titanium is widely used in medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging global population necessitate the continuous demand for medical implants, thereby boosting the market for high-purity titanium. Innovations in medical technology and an upsurge in healthcare spending also contribute significantly to this growth trajectory.

The industrial and chemical processing sectors also contribute to the rising demand for high-purity titanium. The material's exceptional corrosion resistance makes it ideal for use in harsh chemical environments, expanding its application in chemical processing plants and industrial machinery. The ongoing industrialization and infrastructural development across emerging economies further amplify this demand. The material's role in energy generation, particularly in nuclear and renewable energy sectors, also heralds promising growth opportunities.

Pure Titanium, known for its remarkable properties, plays a pivotal role in various high-tech applications beyond aerospace and medical sectors. Its unmatched strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to corrosion make it a preferred material in the automotive industry, where it contributes to the production of lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles. Additionally, pure titanium's ability to withstand extreme environments has led to its use in the oil and gas industry, particularly in offshore drilling operations. The growing emphasis on sustainability and the need for durable materials in challenging conditions continue to drive the demand for pure titanium across multiple industries.

From a regional perspective, North America and Asia Pacific are anticipated to be the primary growth engines for the high-purity titanium market. North AmericaÂ’s advanced aerospace and medical sectors contribute significantly to market growth, while Asia Pacific's rapid industrialization, infrastructural expansion, and burgeoning aerospace industry drive demand in this region. Moreover, favorable governmental policies and investments in research and development across these regions further accelerate market growth.

Product Type Analysis

Titanium Sponge

Titanium sponge, being the primary form of high-purity titanium, serves as a critical raw material for various high-tech applications. The manufacturing process of titanium sponge involves the reduction of titanium tetrachloride, and it is lauded for its purity and consistency. The aerospace and medical industries particularly benefit from titanium sponge due to its high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance. Aerospace applications, such as airframes and jet engines, greatly depend on titanium sponge, making this segment highly lucrative. The rising demand for lightweight materials in aerospace to improve fuel efficiency further fuels this segmentÂ’s growth.

Furthermore, the medical sectorÂ’s demand for biocompatible materials is another growth driver for titanium sponge. Medical implants, such as hip and knee replacements, often use titanium sponge because of its compatibility with human tissue. The growing elderly population and the increasing incidence of osteoporosis and arthritis create a steady demand for medical implants, thereby bolstering th

The statistic shows the average IT spendings ratio of insurance companies as a percentage of premium from 2011 to 2016. In 2014, the insurance companies spent about 3.5 percent of their direct written premium on information technology.

Restaurants have experienced surging recovery and record inflation in the past few years as they continue to serve the public's appetite. After the pandemic, chain restaurants contended with high inflation that reduce customers' willingness to dine out. Later on, soaring operational costs have pressured industry profitability, driving some chains out of the industry. Overall, over the five years to 2025, chain restaurant revenue expanded at a CAGR of 10.4% to $241.5 billion, including a 1.7% decline in 2025, where profit reached 4.7%.Massive part-time employment, a high establishment-to-operator ratio and heavy external competition differentiate the chain restaurant. However, the back-of-house technology many restaurant franchisees employ allows them to benefit from a parent chain's digital ordering system, unified marketing and negotiation leverage. Despite improving efficiency across franchises helping to keep menu prices low, cost-conscious consumers are considering other options, from meal kit delivery to fast-casual chains.Even while experiencing 2022's historic inflation, restaurants are also expected to suffer from the US-Canada tariffs that pushing up purchase costs. However, market leaders are pursuing international growth to balance national chain saturation, while niche chains pop up to provide customized food options and thematic, personalized service. In addition, restaurant chains of all sizes implement technology to speed up kitchen tasks, take mobile orders and track social influence. By 2030, revenue will rise at a CAGR of 1.8% to $264.5 billion.

General insurers can provide industry services at a fraction of the potential loss by pooling premiums to pay for losses some policyholders incur. The industry is an indispensable part of risk management in the domestic economy. General insurers derive income from insurance premiums and investing in bonds, stocks and other assets. Most property and casualty premiums are obtained through renewing policies relating to existing risks. Changes in risk exposure and pricing conditions affect remaining premiums. Many consumers view policies as inelastic, although some may choose to decrease consumption of insurance policies should premium prices increase too much. Policy pricing fluctuates between cycles of price-cutting (softening) and price raising (hardening). Over the past five years, revenue has grown at a CAGR of 3.4% to $1,021.1 billion, including an expected 2.1% increase in 2025 alone. Industry profit is also set to climb to 14.2% of revenue in the current year as insurance premiums have climbed and interest income has grown. Industry revenue has benefited from a hardening price cycle during the majority of the current period. Even though volatility at the onset of the period and a high inflationary environment in the latter part of the period hindered the broader economy, demand for industry services was not severely damaged. Net premiums increased for insurers, primarily because of the growth in the house price index and the rise of new car sales have led to higher insurance premiums to protect against potential liabilities. As economic conditions will continue to improve into the outlook period, employment and business activity in the broader economy are expected to increase and promote spending and the need for industry services. The Federal Reserve is anticipated to cut rates further following the recent rate cuts in the latter part of the period which will decrease investment income for P&C insurers, limiting industry revenue growth. Overall, revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 2.0% to $1,126.8 billion over the five years to 2030.

Among publicly traded companies, advertising spending accounted for 2.83 percent of sales in the United States in 2023. In services, the ratio stood at 4.06 percent, whereas for mining and extraction at 0.07 percent.

Israel's military expenditure as a share of GDP reached 8.8 percent in 2024, marking a significant increase from previous years. The surge in defense spending reflects the country's response to the Israel-Hamas conflict, which began in Gaza in October 2023, and expanded to hostilities in Lebanon, Yemen and Iran by 2025. The financial impact of the war was also apparent in the county's national debt figures, which rapidly increased by 20 percent between the third quarter of 2023 and the third quarter of 2024. Escalating defense budget amid conflict Israel's military allocation for 2025 has seen a significant increase, nearly doubling compared to 2022. Still, actual defense spending during the year is expected to exceed the approved 109.8 billion Israeli shekels, approximately 31.6 billion U.S. dollars, reflecting the nation's intensified emphasis on military preparedness amidst escalating geopolitical tensions. The bulk of this budget is earmarked for procurement and purchases, totaling around 55 billion Israeli shekels, equivalent to 15.7 billion U.S. dollars. Record-breaking arms exports As Israel ramped up its military spending, the country's defense industries have also reached new heights. In 2024, the value of arms exported from Israel reach 14.8 billion U.S. dollars, marking the third consecutive annual record. Air defense systems were the most popular product category that year, accounting for nearly half of all defense exports. The industry’s robust performance highlights the growing global demand for arms, and Israeli military hardware in particular.

In 2023, the retail trade sector had a share of roughly ** percent in private German consumer spending. This graph shows the ratio of German retail revenues and the consumer spending of private German households from 2000 to 2023. Generally, private consumer spending in Germany increased annually since the 1990s.

In 2023, the military spending worldwide amounted to 2.44 trillion U.S. dollars, which was the highest during the period under consideration. Comparatively, global military spending was at 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2001, and at 1.7 trillion U.S. dollars in 2010, past the peak of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Russia-Ukraine War The Russia-Ukraine War has been a major driver of more recent military spending increases. From 2021 to 2022, the ratio of Ukraine’s military spending to their GDP increased substantially from 3.8 percent to 33.5 percent. By comparison, this ratio increased in Russia from 3.6 percent in 2021 to only 4 percent in 2022. As a result, large amounts of bilateral aid have gone towards Ukraine. While EU institutions have contributed the most in total, the United States has contributed the most military aid towards Ukraine. Spending by nation Globally, the United States had the largest amount of military spending by large in 2023. The United States spent nearly 916 billion U.S. dollars in 2023 towards defense, compared to 296 billion U.S. dollars and 109 billion U.S. dollars spent by China and Russia respectively. As a percentage of GDP, Ukraine spent the most globally, contributing nearly 37 percent of their GDP to defense, followed by Algeria at 8.2 percent and Saudi Arabia at 7.1 percent.

Oracle shows the highest long-term debt-to-equity ratio among the selected leading software companies worldwide, with a long-term debt-to-equity ratio of 802.5 percent in 2020. The company has been spending aggressively on buying back shares of its own stock in order to boost the stock, which has resulted in high debt levels.