This statistic shows the ten largest cities in Italy in 2025. In 2025, around 2.75 million people lived in Rome, making it the largest city in Italy. Population of Italy Italy has high population figures and a high population density in comparison to other European countries. A vast majority of Italians lives in urban areas and in the metropolises (as can be seen in this statistic), while other areas, such as the island Sardinia, are rather sparsely inhabited. After an increase a few years ago, Italy’s fertility rate, i.e. the average amount of children born to a woman of childbearing age, is now on a slow decline; however, it is still high enough to offset any significant effect the decrease might have on the country’s number of inhabitants. The median age of Italy’s population has been increasing rapidly over the past 50 years – which mirrors a lower mortality rate – and Italy is now among the countries with the highest life expectancy worldwide, only surpassed by two Asian countries, namely Japan and Hong Kong. Currently, the average life expectancy at birth in Italy is at about 83 years. Most of Italy’s population is of Roman Catholic faith. The country actually boasts one of the largest numbers of Catholics worldwide; other such countries include Brazil, Mexico and the United States. The central government of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See, is located in Vatican City in the heart of Italy’s capital and ruled by the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Officially, Vatican City does not belong to Italy, but is a sovereign state with its own legislation and jurisdiction. It has about 600 inhabitants, who are almost exclusively members of the clergy or government officials.

Rome is the most populous city in Italy. With 2.75 million inhabitants, the capital of the country put ahead Milan and Naples. Compared to the number of citizens in 2012, the resident population of Rome increased by over 140,000 individuals. Regional data Rome is located in the center of Italy in the Lazio region. Lazio is the second-largest region in terms of population size after Lombardy. In 2024, the region counts roughly 5.7 million inhabitants, whereas Lombardy has over ten million individuals. The third-largest region is Campania, with 5.6 million people. Naples, the major center of Campania, has around 910,000 inhabitants at the beginning of 2024. Nevertheless, this city was, back in the 19th century, one of the largest cities in Western Europe. Tourism in Rome The Eternal City is also the main tourist destination in Italy and was the eighth most-visited city in Europe. The largest groups of international visitors in Rome came from the United States of America, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Every year, more and more tourists also enjoy the best-known tourist attractions in Rome, like the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Palatine Hill, which together recorded almost ten million visitors in 2022.

The statistic shows the leading five Italian cities by number of startups in 2017. According to the figure, the city of Milan ranked first with over *** thousand startups, followed by the city of Rome with *** companies. According to the same source, Lombardy counted a total of *** thousand startups, while the region of Lazio counted ***, meaning the great majority of startups in Lazio was based in Rome.

Naples is the Italian city with the highest population density. As of 2025, the largest south Italian city counts 7,780 inhabitants per square kilometer. Milan followed with around 7,500 residents per square kilometer, whereas Rome, the largest Italian city, registered a population density of only 2,135 people, 5,645 inhabitants per square kilometer less than Naples.

This statistic illustrates the leading sixteen cities in Italy with the largest industry added value in 2008, as a share of the GDP. According to the study, the top two cities were located in Lombardy: the most industrialized city in Italy was Lecco, closely followed by Bergamo. In these areas almost half (46 and 45 percent, respectively) of the gross domestic product was generated by the industrial sector.

Abstract

Syngenta is committed to increasing crop productivity and to using limited resources such as land, water and inputs more efficiently. Since 2014, Syngenta has been measuring trends in agricultural input efficiency on a global network of real farms. The Good Growth Plan dataset shows aggregated productivity and resource efficiency indicators by harvest year. The data has been collected from more than 4,000 farms and covers more than 20 different crops in 46 countries. The data (except USA data and for Barley in UK, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, France and Spain) was collected, consolidated and reported by Kynetec (previously Market Probe), an independent market research agency. It can be used as benchmarks for crop yield and input efficiency.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Agricultural holdings

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A. Sample design Farms are grouped in clusters, which represent a crop grown in an area with homogenous agro- ecological conditions and include comparable types of farms. The sample includes reference and benchmark farms. The reference farms were selected by Syngenta and the benchmark farms were randomly selected by Kynetec within the same cluster.

B. Sample size Sample sizes for each cluster are determined with the aim to measure statistically significant increases in crop efficiency over time. This is done by Kynetec based on target productivity increases and assumptions regarding the variability of farm metrics in each cluster. The smaller the expected increase, the larger the sample size needed to measure significant differences over time. Variability within clusters is assumed based on public research and expert opinion. In addition, growers are also grouped in clusters as a means of keeping variances under control, as well as distinguishing between growers in terms of crop size, region and technological level. A minimum sample size of 20 interviews per cluster is needed. The minimum number of reference farms is 5 of 20. The optimal number of reference farms is 10 of 20 (balanced sample).

C. Selection procedure The respondents were picked randomly using a “quota based random sampling” procedure. Growers were first randomly selected and then checked if they complied with the quotas for crops, region, farm size etc. To avoid clustering high number of interviews at one sampling point, interviewers were instructed to do a maximum of 5 interviews in one village.

BF Screened from Italy were selected based on the following criterion: (a) Barley growers in the North/Centre of Italy North and Centre of Italy (regions: Piemonte, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Marche) High to medium mechanized farming (small farms to large farms that have an high number of machinery, i.e. harvester)
Good Level of Tech Adoption (the level of tech adoption regards the technology adopt in the farm (i.e. mechanized harvesting, good level of CP product/modern CP technologies and/or genetics)
Adopt Syngenta products and services (only for RF)
Background info: Rotation with several crop (sunflower, corn, sorghum, beans & veggies);
Grains is sold to collectors or used inside the farm (cow or bio-digestor); Farm with technician inside.
Need to identify benchmark farms that have similar size and use the same practices and input.
Winter barley

(b) Grain corn growers on irrigated fields in the North of Italy (Po Valley) Region: Po Valley Irrigated fields
Professional grower willing to invest in irrigation technologies and input to maximize yield;
Takes decision using ROI as KPI and not minimizing costs;
Adopt Syngenta products and services. (only for RF) Areas where water is available but in a limited form. We exclude no irrigation areas and plenty of availability with submersion. Ideally areas where pivot, rotolone or drip irrigation is used.
Background info: Destination: Grain and cob

(c) Wine grape integrated producer in the North & Centre of Italy
Wine grapes North & Centre of Italy (Regions: Piemonte, Veneto, Friuli, Toscana, Marche, Abruzzo)
High-tech farm (regards the technology adopted in the farm (i.e. mechanized farm, good level of CP product/modern CP technologies or good level of irrigation technology, ecc.) Wine Grape Integrated Producer;
Farms that export wine in the world and they pay attention to the needs of different customers (not just Italian/European but also American);
Farms seeking elements of differentiation that may represent a plus value for their products.
Need to identify benchmark farms that have similar size and use the same practices and input. No organic farms.

(d) Tomato growers for processing industry in the North of Italy (Po Valley: Parma, Piacenza, Ferrara) Region: Po Valley (Cities: Parma, Piacenza, Ferrara)
North-West of Italy (Cities: Parma, Piacenza)
North-East of Italy (City: Ferrara) Commercial grower for processing
Mechanized farming
High level of tech adoption (concern the technology adopted in the farm (i.e. transplanting machine, mechanized harvesting, good level of CP product/modern CP technologies and genetics))
Irrigated by drip irrigation
Adopt Syngenta products and services (only for RF)
Rotation with wheat Need to identify benchmark farms that have similar size but use local practices. Rotation with wheat.

(e) Tomato growers for processing industry in the South of Italy (Puglia)
Region: Puglia Commercial grower for processing
Mechanized farming
High level of tech adoption (concern the technology adopted in the farm (i.e. transplanting machine, mechanized harvesting, good level of CP product/modern CP technologies and genetics))
Irrigated by drip irrigation
Adopt Syngenta products and services (only for RF)
Rotation with wheat and leguminosae Need to identify benchmark farms that have similar size but use local practices. Rotation with wheat and leguminosae.

(d) Highly mechanized cereal growers in Puglia (Foggia) Winter wheat growers
Region: Puglia (city: Foggia)
Adopt Syngenta products and services (only for RF)
Rotation with beans and/or vegetables is common;
Takes decision using ROI as KPI and not minimizing costs;
Need to identify benchmark farms that have similar size and use the same practices and input. No organic farm.
Producing for pasta industry (=durum wheat)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Data collection tool for 2019 covered the following information:

(A) PRE- HARVEST INFORMATION

PART I: Screening PART II: Contact Information PART III: Farm Characteristics a. Biodiversity conservation b. Soil conservation c. Soil erosion d. Description of growing area e. Training on crop cultivation and safety measures PART IV: Farming Practices - Before Harvest a. Planting and fruit development - Field crops b. Planting and fruit development - Tree crops c. Planting and fruit development - Sugarcane d. Planting and fruit development - Cauliflower e. Seed treatment

(B) HARVEST INFORMATION

PART V: Farming Practices - After Harvest a. Fertilizer usage b. Crop protection products c. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Field crops d. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Tree crops e. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Sugarcane f. Harvest timing & quality per crop - Banana g. After harvest PART VI - Other inputs - After Harvest a. Input costs b. Abiotic stress c. Irrigation

See all questionnaires in external materials tab

Cleaning operations

Data processing:

Kynetec uses SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for data entry, cleaning, analysis, and reporting. After collection, the farm data is entered into a local database, reviewed, and quality-checked by the local Kynetec agency. In the case of missing values or inconsistencies, farmers are re-contacted. In some cases, grower data is verified with local experts (e.g. retailers) to ensure data accuracy and validity. After country-level cleaning, the farm-level data is submitted to the global Kynetec headquarters for processing. In the case of missing values or inconsistences, the local Kynetec office was re-contacted to clarify and solve issues.

Quality assurance Various consistency checks and internal controls are implemented throughout the entire data collection and reporting process in order to ensure unbiased, high quality data.

• Screening: Each grower is screened and selected by Kynetec based on cluster-specific criteria to ensure a comparable group of growers within each cluster. This helps keeping variability low.

• Evaluation of the questionnaire: The questionnaire aligns with the global objective of the project and is adapted to the local context (e.g. interviewers and growers should understand what is asked). Each year the questionnaire is evaluated based on several criteria, and updated where needed.

• Briefing of interviewers: Each year, local interviewers - familiar with the local context of farming -are thoroughly briefed to fully comprehend the questionnaire to obtain unbiased, accurate answers from respondents.

• Cross-validation of the answers: o Kynetec captures all growers' responses through a digital data-entry tool. Various logical and consistency checks are automated in this tool (e.g. total crop size in hectares cannot be larger than farm size) o Kynetec cross validates the answers of the growers in three different ways: 1. Within the grower (check if growers respond consistently during the interview) 2. Across years (check if growers respond consistently throughout the years) 3. Within cluster (compare a grower's responses with those of others in the group)

The Italian real estate market, valued at approximately €XX million in 2025, exhibits robust growth potential, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 5% through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increased tourism and a growing luxury market, particularly in renowned cities like Rome, Florence, and Venice, significantly contribute to demand. Furthermore, a rising influx of foreign investors seeking high-quality properties and the increasing popularity of Italian lifestyle contribute to the market's dynamism. The market is segmented into villas and landed houses, apartments and condominiums, further differentiated geographically across major Italian cities and other regions. While the luxury segment commands significant attention, the broader market reflects diverse needs and price points, catering to both domestic and international buyers. Potential constraints to growth include economic uncertainties and fluctuating government regulations influencing property investment. However, the overall outlook remains positive, projecting sustained growth driven by the enduring appeal of Italian real estate and increasing global interest. The major players in the Italian real estate market, including Christie's International Real Estate, Sotheby's International Realty, and numerous local agencies, are well-positioned to capitalize on this expansion. The regional distribution of investment reflects global interest, with North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region showing significant participation. Future growth is anticipated to be influenced by broader economic conditions, shifts in investor sentiment, and infrastructural developments. Continuous monitoring of these factors will be crucial for accurate market forecasting. Maintaining a competitive landscape, along with innovative marketing strategies and property management solutions, will likely determine success within this dynamic sector. The overall market shows considerable resilience and potential for substantial expansion over the next decade. Recent developments include: June 2022: The multinational real estate company Hines and Blue Noble, co-investors in the "Future Living" fund run by Savills Investment Administration SGR SpA, confirmed that a leasing deal with Starhotels for the management of a portion of the Corso Italia asset in the center of Florence has been finalized. As part of the new residential rental offer at Il Teatro Luxury Apartments - Starhotels Collezione, more than 150 luxury apartments of different sizes and styles will be available for stays of a few weeks to a few months.So, Corso Italia will start up again, keeping the area's cultural history while offering cutting-edge, in-demand apartments for rent., March 2022: Christie's International Real Estate announced their acquisition of Ansley Real Estate, a leading Atlanta-area luxury brokerage firm. After the acquisition, the company became known as Ansley Christie's International Real Estate. This acquisition will reinforce the brokerage's leadership in Atlanta's luxury market.. Notable trends are: Increase in Residential Properties across the Italy due to Less Mortgage Rates.

In 2022, the 10Italian cities with the highest yearly average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) were located in the Po Valley, a heavily industrialized, urbanized, and populated area in the north of the country. The mean annual concentration in Monza exceeded the European target value of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3).

The Italian e-bike market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing environmental awareness, government incentives promoting sustainable transportation, and a rising preference for convenient and healthy commuting options. The market, valued at approximately €[Estimate based on provided market size XX and value unit Million - Let's assume XX = 150 for example purposes. This would be €150 Million in 2025] in 2025, is projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 5% through 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors: a diverse range of e-bike models catering to various needs (city commuting, trekking, cargo transport), the increasing affordability of lithium-ion batteries, and the development of sophisticated e-bike technology improving performance and range. The segment breakdown reveals a strong demand for pedal-assisted and speed pedelec e-bikes, reflecting a preference for hybrid solutions offering both exercise and electric assistance. While the lithium-ion battery segment dominates, lead-acid batteries still maintain a niche market presence. Significant market restraints include the initial high purchase price of e-bikes compared to traditional bicycles, concerns about battery lifespan and charging infrastructure, and potential competition from other micro-mobility solutions like electric scooters. However, government initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions and improving urban mobility are expected to mitigate these challenges, driving further adoption. Leading players such as Atala SpA, Trek Bicycle Corporation, and Decathlon are actively investing in research and development to enhance product features and expand their market reach, further shaping the competitive landscape. The regional focus within Italy indicates strong market potential across diverse regions reflecting Italy's varied geography and lifestyle. Continued innovation in battery technology, improved charging infrastructure, and targeted marketing campaigns addressing consumer concerns will be crucial for sustained market expansion. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the burgeoning Italy e-bike market, covering the period 2019-2033. With a focus on market size, segmentation, trends, and key players, this report is an invaluable resource for businesses, investors, and policymakers seeking to understand this dynamic sector. The report uses 2025 as the base year and provides forecasts until 2033, leveraging historical data from 2019-2024. The market is segmented by propulsion type (pedal-assisted, speed pedelec, throttle-assisted), application type (cargo/utility, city/urban, trekking), and battery type (lead-acid, lithium-ion, others). Key players like Atala SpA, Trek Bicycle Corporation, and Giant Manufacturing Co Ltd are profiled, providing insights into their market strategies and competitive landscape. This report is essential for navigating the complexities of the Italian e-bike market and capitalizing on its immense growth potential. Recent developments include: December 2022: B-twin Elops LD500E e-bike launches for urban rides with 115 km range.November 2022: The Stormguard E+, a full-suspension e-bike, is unveiled by Giant. The bicycles will be available for purchase in Europe in 2023 and will cost 7,999 Euros for the E+1 and 6,499 Euros for the E+2.November 2022: The new Bianchi Oltre RC has chosen a prestigious platform for its public debut.. Key drivers for this market are: Increased Travel and Tourism to Fuel Market Demand. Potential restraints include: High Maintenance cost of RV Rental Fleets. Notable trends are: OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.

"All the data for this dataset is provided from CARMA: Data from CARMA (www.carma.org) This dataset provides information about Power Plant emissions in the Italy. Power Plant emissions from all power plants in the Italy were obtained by CARMA for the past (2000 Annual Report), the present (2007 data), and the future. CARMA determine data presented for the future to reflect planned plant construction, expansion, and retirement. The dataset provides the name, company, parent company, city, state, zip, county, metro area, lat/lon, and plant id for each individual power plant. The dataset reports for the three time periods: Intensity: Pounds of CO2 emitted per megawatt-hour of electricity produced. Energy: Annual megawatt-hours of electricity produced. Carbon: Annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The units are short or U.S. tons. Multiply by 0.907 to get metric tons. Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA) is a massive database containing information on the carbon emissions of over 50,000 power plants and 4,000 power companies worldwide. Power generation accounts for 40% of all carbon emissions in the United States and about one-quarter of global emissions. CARMA is the first global inventory of a major, sector of the economy. The objective of CARMA.org is to equip individuals with the information they need to forge a cleaner, low-carbon future. By providing complete information for both clean and dirty power producers, CARMA hopes to influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, investors, shareholders, managers, workers, activists, and policymakers. CARMA builds on experience with public information disclosure techniques that have proven successful in reducing traditional pollutants. Please see carma.org for more information"

In 2023, the metropolitan city of Milan ranked first in terms of crime rate, as it recorded 7,100 felonies per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, the provinces of Rome and Florence followed with around 6,000 cases reported. In Milan, burglaries in shops and thefts were much more common than in any other Italian provinces. Frequent car thefts The Southern province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, in the region of Apulia, was the place in Italy with the highest rate of stolen cars. Roughly 697 cases per every 100,000 residents were registered in 2019. Catania had the second-largest rate with about 656 reports. Nationwide, the three most frequently stolen car models belonged to Fiat, the leading Italian vehicle manufacturer. Moreover, a Lancia car model ranked fourth. This company was also part of the Fiat Group, which, however, only sells vehicles in Italy. Mafia associations  In the last years, the number of mafia associations in Italy experienced a decline. However, there are still dozens of mafia-type organizations in the country. The Southern region of Campania was the place faced with the largest amount of crime associations. In total, 67 of such crimes were reported in Campania in 2019.

The dataset that we provide is composed of a csv file containing the answers of responders to our questionnaire conducted to explore perceptions and feelings on the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted from June 27 to July 2 2022 among university students and adult residents of Milan, Italy, and New York City, NY, U.S.A.. The two target demographics for this study were adult residents of the two cities who were employed at the beginning of 2020 and students who attended university during 2020 or joined during the pandemic. The survey was accompanied by a promotional video and an introductory paragraph describing the objective of the study, and it was shared through social media platforms, on specialized social media groups, and on university students’ mailing lists. The total number of questions asked is a maximum of 20, variable depending on answers given by a user since we employed branching based on previous answers. This feature was particularly useful in creating questions that were specific to a subset of the sample population The topics of questions cover the following broad areas: Relationships: Multiple Choice and sorting/ranking questions designed to understand who the respondents spent lockdown with, if they managed to keep in touch with those they could not meet, and to family, friends and intimate relationships during the pandemic Policies: Likert scale questions measuring agreement with measures put in place in both Milan and New York Personal Life: questions about one’s priorities before and during the pandemic Occupation: Multiple Choice questions about one’s occupation during the pandemic and feelings towards work or university Post-pandemic: Likert scale questions about one's perception of contagion threats and feelings of normalcy at the time they responded to the survey Demographics: Multiple choice questions to describe the pool of respondents and control sample bias The types of the questions are of one of the following types: Multiple choice (one or more selections or single selection) Ranking Numeric scale (1-5 or 1-10) The “ranking” question type allowed users to sort a list of items in descending order of importance. In the dataset the column name represents the ranking given to the item, e.g. 1. highest priority.

Muzza di Cornegliano Laudense was the most polluted city in Italy in 2024, with an average PM2.5 concentration of **** micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m³). This level of air pollution exceeds World Health Organization PM2.5 guidelines by nearly *** times. Cagliari had the second-highest PM2.5 concentration that year, at some **** μg/m³.

According to a 2025 study, Ferrara was the Italian city with the highest average occupancy rate in four-star hotels in May 2025, with an average occupancy rate of **** percent. Meanwhile, Venice was one of the most expensive Italian cities based on the average price of four-star hotels in June 2025. The occupancy rate is a key metric used in the hotel industry. It is calculated by dividing the number of occupied rooms by the number of available rooms in a specific period and multiplying by 100 to obtain a percentage.

In 1500, the largest city was Paris, with an estimated 225 thousand inhabitants, almost double the population of the second-largest city, Naples. As in 1330, Venice and Milan remain the third and fourth largest cities in Western Europe, however Genoa's population almost halved from 1330 until 1500, as it was struck heavily by the bubonic plague in the mid-1300s. In lists prior to this, the largest cities were generally in Spain and Italy, however, as time progressed, the largest populations could be found more often in Italy and France. The year 1500 is around the beginning of what we now consider modern history, a time that saw the birth of many European empires and inter-continental globalization.

The city of Paris in France had an estimated gross domestic product of 757.6 billion Euros in 2021, the most of any European city. Paris was followed by the spanish capital, Madrid, which had a GDP of 237.5 billion Euros, and the Irish capital, Dublin at 230 billion Euros. Milan, in the prosperous north of Italy, had a GDP of 228.4 billion Euros, 65 billion euros larger than the Italian capital Rome, and was the largest non-capital city in terms of GDP in Europe. The engine of Europe Among European countries, Germany had by far the largest economy, with a gross domestic product of over 4.18 trillion Euros. The United Kingdom or France have been Europe's second largest economy since the 1980s, depending on the year, with forecasts suggesting France will overtake the UK going into the 2020s. Germany however, has been the biggest European economy for some time, with five cities (Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Frankfurt) among the 15 largest European cities by GDP. Europe's largest cities In 2023, Moscow was the largest european city, with a population of nearly 12.7 million. Paris was the largest city in western Europe, with a population of over 11 million, while London was Europe's third-largest city at 9.6 million inhabitants.

According to a June 2025 study, Como was the most expensive city in Italy to book an overnight stay in a four-star hotel, with an average price per night of roughly *** euros. Venice reported the second-highest figure that month, with an average price per night of over *** euros.

Argentina has the largest Italian population outside of Italy, with around 1.17 million Italians residing in the South American country as of 2023. This community represented almost one fifth of all citizens residing outside the Republic, seven million. Germany hosted the second-largest community, with about 900,000 Italians, while in Brazil lived around 790,000 people with Italian citizenship. In total, three million Italians resided in the Americas, whereas 3.5 million in other European countries. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Argentina was one of the main destinations for Italian emigrants, in particular in the early 1900s. Increasing tendency to emigrate  Between 2006 and 2020, the number of Italians living abroad constantly increased. As of 2020, over five million Italians lived outside their homeland. Data related to the educational level of the emigrated population show that one third of the academics decided to leave the country. In 2017, 32.5 percent of Italians holding a university degree did not reside in Italy. Better jobs and lower taxes  When asked about the reasons why leaving their country, the opportunity to pay lower taxes and have better jobs played an important role. Indeed, about 43 percent of Italians declared to be ready to leave Italy for a place where taxes were lower. In addition, roughly 37 percent could leave Italy for better working chances.

Milan was the European city with the most ice cream shops per 10 thousand inhabitants as of July 2023. The North-Italian city was home to approximately **** ice cream shops per 10 thousand inhabitants. A total of **** Italian cities placed in the ranking, **** of which held the top spots.

London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.