This statistic depicts the time intended to be spent on reading books and magazines in Italy in 2020. According to the survey results, ** percent of respondents are not going to change the amount of time they spend reading, while ** percent of interviewees are going to invest more free time reading books and magazines.

The European questionnaire on Information and Communication Technologies Data reveals that there exists a disparity between the internet usage of people according to gender. This disparity although present in most countries, differs widely in its severity.

By 2020, 51 percent of male internet users in Italy used the internet to access online new sites, newspapers, or news magazines. Among women this share was slightly lower and amounted to 47 percent. Since 2013, seven percent more men 12 percent more women replied that they used the internet for the purpose of keeping up to date with current news and events.

The European questionnaire on Information and Communication Technologies Data reveals that there exists a disparity between the internet usage of people with a low (At most lower secondary education), medium (Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education), and high (Tertiary education) formal education level. This disparity although present in most countries, differs widely in its severity.

In 2020, 30 percent of users with low formal education in Italy responded that they used the internet to access online news sites, newspapers, or news magazines. A higher share of users with medium or higher education tended to use the internet to access news. According to the survey 57 percent of people with a medium level of formal education and 76 percent of users with a high degree of formal education accessed online news sites, newspapers, or news magazines. The disparity between people with lower and higher formal education in 2020 was 46 percent.

Magon A, Arrigoni C, Graffigna G, Barello S, Moia M, Palareti G, Caruso R. The effect of health literacy on vaccine hesitancy among Italian anticoagulated population during COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of health engagement. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Oct 13:1-6. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1984123. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34643478.

Abstract

Assessing vaccine hesitancy and its determinants is pivotal to optimize vaccine acceptance in anticoagulated patients, given that this population has been described to have a higher risk of severe COVID-19-related complications. This study assessed the moderator role of patients' health engagement on the relationship between health literacy and vaccine hesitancy. A web-based survey was performed in Italy during the first wave (June-August 2020) and the second wave (October 2020-March 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic, enrolling 288 patients. The rates of vaccine hesitancy reported during the first pandemic wave were 38.4% and 30.8% during the second wave (when a vaccine was available) (p = .164). A moderation analysis was performed to assess the role of health engagement in influencing the relationship from health literacy to vaccine hesitancy. Patients' health engagement enhanced the effects of health literacy on decreasing vaccine hesitancy (p < .001), suggesting that co-construction strategies for communicative action are pivotal.

In 2022, 34.1 percent of book readers aged six years old or above read print books, and 69.8 percent of respondents per 100 persons who had read print books in the last year reported that they read print books exclusively. Audiobooks were the least popular option, with less than two percent of readers engaging with the format.