Jamaica poverty rate for 2021 was 22.90%, a 4.6% increase from 2018.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Jamaica poverty rate for 2018 was <strong>18.30%</strong>, a <strong>26% decline</strong> from 2004.</li>
<li>Jamaica poverty rate for 2004 was <strong>44.30%</strong>, a <strong>2.3% decline</strong> from 2002.</li>
<li>Jamaica poverty rate for 2002 was <strong>46.60%</strong>, a <strong>1.5% increase</strong> from 1999.</li>
</ul>Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $5.50 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data was reported at 0.700 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.300 % for 2018. Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.500 % from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.700 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.300 % in 2018. Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: World Bank: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure includes three dimensions – monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services – to capture a more complete picture of poverty.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Poverty rate at $1.9 a day of Jamaica rocketed by 250.00% from 0.40 % in 2018 to 1.40 % in 2021. Since the 29.69% drop in 2004, poverty rate at $1.9 a day sank by 68.89% in 2021. Population below $1.9 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.9 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Jamaica Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data was reported at 22.000 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.200 % for 2018. Jamaica Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 25.400 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2021, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.400 % in 1993 and a record low of 17.200 % in 2018. Jamaica Poverty Headcount Ratio at Societal Poverty Lines: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Societal Poverty Line. The Societal Poverty Line is expressed in purchasing power adjusted 2017 U.S. dollars and defined as max($2.15, $1.15 + 0.5*Median). This means that when the national median is sufficiently low, the Societal Poverty line is equivalent to the extreme poverty line, $2.15. For countries with a sufficiently high national median, the Societal Poverty Line grows as countries’ median income grows.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Poverty rate at $3.2 a day of Jamaica shot up by 155.00% from 2.00 % in 2018 to 5.10 % in 2021. Since the 18.92% slump in 2004, poverty rate at $3.2 a day plummeted by 57.50% in 2021. Population below $3.1 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.1 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 2.140 % in 2021. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.140 % from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.140 % in 2021 and a record low of 2.140 % in 2021. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Urban poverty rate of Jamaica surged by 7.07% from 9.9 % in 2001 to 10.6 % in 2002. Since the 75.88% drop in 1998, urban poverty rate soared by 92.73% in 2002. Urban poverty rate is the percentage of the urban population living below the national urban poverty line.

Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data was reported at 2.800 % in 2018. Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 2.800 % from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2018, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.800 % in 2018 and a record low of 2.800 % in 2018. Jamaica Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to UNDPs multidimensional poverty index. The index includes three dimensions -- health, education, and living standards.;Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2023). ‘The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 country results and methodological note’, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 55, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. (https://ophi.org.uk/mpi-methodological-note-55-2/);;

Poverty ratio at national poverty line of Jamaica jumped by 13.07% from 17.6 % in 2010 to 19.9 % in 2012. Since the 30.77% slump in 2007, poverty ratio at national poverty line shot up by 101.01% in 2012. National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty lines. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.

JM: Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines: % of Population data was reported at 19.900 % in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.600 % for 2010. JM: Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 19.100 % from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2012, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.600 % in 1991 and a record low of 9.900 % in 2007. JM: Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Lines: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty lines. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.; ; World Bank, Global Poverty Working Group. Data are compiled from official government sources or are computed by World Bank staff using national (i.e. country–specific) poverty lines.; ; This series only includes estimates that to the best of our knowledge are reasonably comparable over time for a country. Due to differences in estimation methodologies and poverty lines, estimates should not be compared across countries.

10.6 (%) in 2002. Urban poverty rate is the percentage of the urban population living below the national urban poverty line.

The aim of the Human Development Report is to stimulate global, regional and national policy-relevant discussions on issues pertinent to human development. Accordingly, the data in the Report require the highest standards of data quality, consistency, international comparability and transparency. The Human Development Report Office (HDRO) fully subscribes to the Principles governing international statistical activities.

The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can stimulate debate about government policy priorities. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data shed light on the number of people experiencing poverty at regional, national and subnational levels, and reveal inequalities across countries and among the poor themselves.Jointly developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford, the 2019 global MPI offers data for 101 countries, covering 76 percent of the global population. The MPI provides a comprehensive and in-depth picture of global poverty – in all its dimensions – and monitors progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 – to end poverty in all its forms. It also provides policymakers with the data to respond to the call of Target 1.2, which is to ‘reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition'.

Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at -3.300 % in 2021. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -3.300 % from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -3.300 % in 2021 and a record low of -3.300 % in 2021. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

16,7 (%) in 2021. National poverty rate is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys.

Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2017 PPP per day data was reported at 8.130 Intl $/Day in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.990 Intl $/Day for 2018. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2017 PPP per day data is updated yearly, averaging 8.560 Intl $/Day from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.990 Intl $/Day in 2018 and a record low of 8.130 Intl $/Day in 2021. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: 2017 PPP per day data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Mean consumption or income per capita (2017 PPP $ per day) of the bottom 40%, used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The choice of consumption or income for a country is made according to which welfare aggregate is used to estimate extreme poverty in the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). The practice adopted by the World Bank for estimating global and regional poverty is, in principle, to use per capita consumption expenditure as the welfare measure wherever available; and to use income as the welfare measure for countries for which consumption is unavailable. However, in some cases data on consumption may be available but are outdated or not shared with the World Bank for recent survey years. In these cases, if data on income are available, income is used. Whether data are for consumption or income per capita is noted in the footnotes. Because household surveys are infrequent in most countries and are not aligned across countries, comparisons across countries or over time should be made with a high degree of caution.

Abstract

The World Bank is interested in gauging the views of clients and partners who are either involved in development in Jamaica or who observe activities related to social and economic development. The World Bank Country Assessment Survey is meant to give the World Bank's team that works in Jamaica, greater insight into how the Bank's work is perceived. This is one tool the World Bank uses to assess the views of its critical stakeholders. With this understanding, the World Bank hopes to develop more effective strategies, outreach and programs that support development in Jamaica. The World Bank commissioned an independent firm to oversee the logistics of this effort in Jamaica.

This survey was designed to achieve the following objectives: - Assist the World Bank in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Jamaica perceive the Bank; - Obtain systematic feedback from stakeholders in Jamaica regarding: · Their views regarding the general environment in Jamaica; · Their overall attitudes toward the World Bank in Jamaica; · Overall impressions of the World Bank's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jamaica; and · Perceptions of the World Bank's future role in Jamaica. - Use data to help inform Jamaica country team's strategy.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Stakeholder

Universe

Stakeholders of the World Bank in Jamaica

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In April and May 2013, 160 stakeholders of the World Bank in Jamaica were invited to provide their opinions on the Bank's assistance to the country by participating in a country survey. Participants in the survey were drawn from among the office of the Prime Minister; the office of a Minister; the office of a Parliamentarian; employees of a ministry, ministerial department, or implementation agency; consultants/contractors working on World Bank-supported projects/programs; project management units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of a project; local government officials or staff; bilateral agencies; multilateral agencies; private sector organizations; private foundations; the financial sector/private banks; NGOs; community-based organizations (CBOs); the media; independent government institutions; trade unions; faith-based groups; academia/research institutes/think tanks; and the judiciary branch.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire consists of 8 Sections:

A. General Issues Facing Jamaica: Respondents were asked to indicate whether Jamaica is headed in the right direction, what they thought were the top three most important development priorities, which areas would contribute most to reducing poverty and generating economic growth in Jamaica, and how to best achieve "shared prosperity".

B. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their familiarity with and the effectiveness of various organizations working in Jamaica, including the World Bank. Respondents were asked to rate Bank staff preparedness to help Jamaica solve its development challenges, the extent to which the Bank should seek to influence the global development agenda, their agreement with various statements regarding the Bank's work, the extent to which the Bank is an effective development partner, and the Bank's services meet the national development needs of Jamaica. Respondents were also asked to indicate the sectoral areas on which it would be most productive for the Bank to focus its resources, the Bank's greatest values and greatest weaknesses in its work, the most effective instruments in helping to reduce poverty in Jamaica, with which stakeholder groups the Bank should collaborate more, and to what reasons respondents attributed failed or slow reform efforts.

C. World Bank Effectiveness and Results: Respondents were asked to rate the extent to which the Bank's work helps achieve development results in Jamaica, the extent to which the Bank meets Jamaica's needs for knowledge services and financial instruments, and the Bank's level of effectiveness across twenty-five development areas, such as social protection.

D. The World Bank's Knowledge Work and Activities: Respondents were asked to indicate how frequently they consult Bank knowledge work and activities, the areas on which the Bank should focus its knowledge work and activities, and to rate the effectiveness and quality of the Bank's knowledge work and activities, including how significant of a contribution it makes to development results and its technical quality. Respondents were also asked if they consulted the most recent LAC Flagship Report and if so, to evaluate it.

E. Working with the World Bank: Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements regarding working with the Bank, such as working with the World Bank increasing Jamaica's institutional capacity.

F. The Future Role of the World Bank in Jamaica: Respondents were asked to rate how significant a role the Bank should play in Jamaica's development in the near future and to what extent they believe the Bank has moved in the right direction. Respondents were also asked to indicate what the Bank should do to make itself of greater value in Jamaica and which services the Bank should offer more of in Jamaica.

G. Communication and Information Sharing: Respondents were asked to indicate how they get information about economic and social development issues, how they prefer to receive information from the Bank, their Internet access, and their usage and evaluation of the Bank's website and PICs. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the Bank's Access to Information policy, past information requests from the Bank, and their level of agreement that they use more data from the World Bank as a result of the Bank's Open Data policy. Respondents were also asked about their level of agreement that they know how to find information from the Bank and that the Bank is responsive to information requests.

H. Background Information: Respondents were asked to indicate their current position, specialization, whether they professionally collaborate with the World Bank, their exposure to the Bank in Jamaica, and geographic location.

Response rate

A total of 108 stakeholders participated in the country survey (68% response rate).

Autocorrelation coefficient (lag 1) for the poverty and crime indices and Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation of these variables with the number of cases of severe acute malnutrition as assessed in up to 153 Jamaican communities.

Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: 2017 PPP per day data was reported at 20.380 Intl $/Day in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 19.130 Intl $/Day for 2018. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: 2017 PPP per day data is updated yearly, averaging 19.755 Intl $/Day from Dec 2018 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.380 Intl $/Day in 2021 and a record low of 19.130 Intl $/Day in 2018. Jamaica Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: 2017 PPP per day data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. Mean consumption or income per capita (2017 PPP $ per day) used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of total population.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The choice of consumption or income for a country is made according to which welfare aggregate is used to estimate extreme poverty in the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). The practice adopted by the World Bank for estimating global and regional poverty is, in principle, to use per capita consumption expenditure as the welfare measure wherever available; and to use income as the welfare measure for countries for which consumption is unavailable. However, in some cases data on consumption may be available but are outdated or not shared with the World Bank for recent survey years. In these cases, if data on income are available, income is used. Whether data are for consumption or income per capita is noted in the footnotes. Because household surveys are infrequent in most countries and are not aligned across countries, comparisons across countries or over time should be made with a high degree of caution.

Jamaica's poor growth performance has a number of well-known explanations, but they need to be supplemented for the latter half of the 1990s, by the loss of competitiveness. The negligible (measured) GDP growth in the 1990s is usually attributed to two factors: an adverse external climate and the financial crisis that arose from bank privatization to poorly capitalized investors, and, financial liberalization, unaccompanied by an appropriate regulatory strengthening. The poverty headcount however, was halved between 1992 and 1998, despite negligible measured GDP growth, which can be largely explained by a conjunction of several factors particular to the period: underestimated GDP growth, judging from the growth in consumption of power, and meat and fish, as well as the rapid growth of currency usage; inflation, which hurts the poor disproportionately, fell sharply; the relative price of food declined, owing largely to trade liberalization and the appreciation in the real exchange rate; other factors may have been the rise in real wages, and remittances. But two important poverty-reducing factors are unlikely to continue to operate in the future, which means that further reduction of poverty is likely to depend on achievement of sustained growth. The report questions Jamaica's self-sustaining and job-creating growth restoration, and argues that this requires improving international competitiveness and productivity, while also addressing short-term exigencies. The policy options are grouped into three categories - those necessary to limit the risk of a crisis and its effect, with a likely immediate impact; those likely to have an impact in the short-term; and, those likely to have an impact in the medium and long-term, but on which action is nonetheless needed now. The report suggests a 'bandwagon' approach to reforms, with policy actions needed on several fronts, in order to improve prospects for sustained growth, including measures that help avoid crises, since crises hurt the poor and damage growth prospects. Such an approach could involve: crisis-proofing actions; actions with short-term impact; and, actions with medium-long-term impact. Given that policy choices are likely to be difficult, an approach based on social dialogue and consensus-building is essential to creating ownership for future reforms by all stakeholders, and for maintaining and improving social peace.

5,10 (%) в 2021. Показатель представляет собой процент населения, живущего менее чем на 3,1 долл. США в день по международным ценам 2005 года. В результате пересмотра обменных курсов по ППС, уровень бедности для отдельных стран не может сравниваться с уровнем бедности, о котором сообщалось в предыдущих изданиях.