Japan recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 6.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2022. This dataset provides - Japan Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the budget balance in Japan was estimated at approximately -101.76 billion U.S. dollars. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 25.63 billion U.S. dollars, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The forecast shows the budget balance will steadily decline by about 150.54 billion U.S. dollars from 2024 to 2030.

Key information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 6.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 11.6 % in the previous year
• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1996 to Mar 2024, with an average ratio of -6.8 %
• The data reached an all-time high of -3.5 % in Mar 1998 and a record low of -14.8 % in Mar 2021

The Ministry of Finance provides annual Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is calculated as Total Revenue excluding Revenue from Government Bond less Expenditure. Consolidated Fiscal Balance for current and coming fiscal years is forecasted. The forecast for the current year is revised when the official Consolidated Fiscal Balance is released. Nominal GDP prior to 2012 is based on SNA 1993. Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Further information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023

The annual sports budget for the fiscal year 2025 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) and the Japan Sports Agency (JSA) in Japan amounted to ***** billion Japanese yen.

Key information about Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance

• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 331.331 USD bn in Dec 2023, compared with a deficit equal to 397.694 USD bn in the previous year.
• Japan Consolidated Fiscal Balance data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2023, with an average ratio of -326.578 USD bn.
• The data reached an all-time high of -150.272 USD bn in Dec 1997 and a record low of -748.714 USD bn in Dec 2020.

CEIC shifts year-end for annual Consolidated Fiscal Balance and converts it into USD. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is calculated as Total Revenue excluding Revenue from Government Bond less Expenditure. The Ministry of Finance provides Consolidated Fiscal Balance in local currency. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Consolidated Fiscal Balance is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.

Japan JP: GBARD: Current PPP data was reported at 99.404 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 100.417 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: GBARD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 28.170 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.417 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 8.880 USD bn in 1988. Japan JP: GBARD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data was reported at 1.755 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.369 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 202.041 USD mn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.369 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 92.779 USD mn in 1988. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

For the fiscal year 2025, the initial budget for the Japanese national government's general account expenditure was ***** trillion Japanese yen. Almost ** percent of the initial budget was planned to be covered through consumption tax, income tax, and corporation tax.

Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data was reported at 7.503 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.472 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 1.826 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.538 USD bn in 2020 and a record low of 358.188 USD mn in 1988. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

In the fiscal year 2023, the Japanese national government's general account education and science expenditure amounted to around *** trillion Japanese yen.The education budget is one of the largest budgets of the national government's general account and focuses on the promotion of culture, education and science in Japan.

Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data was reported at 52.376 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 50.625 USD bn for 2022. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 8.479 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.376 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 2.909 USD bn in 1988. Japan JP: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: GDP: Value Added: Current PPP data was reported at 4,055.678 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,828.893 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: GDP: Value Added: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 2,686.572 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,055.678 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 947.039 USD bn in 1981. Japan JP: GDP: Value Added: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Product, GDP PPP and GDP Deflator: OECD Member: Annual.

Japan JP: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 23.156 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.782 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 15.020 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.156 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 4.218 USD bn in 1981. Japan JP: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 200.770 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 183.467 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 106.017 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 200.770 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 24.023 USD bn in 1981. Japan JP: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry: Total Exports data was reported at 109.236 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 94.635 USD bn for 2020. Japan JP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry: Total Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 106.310 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.544 USD bn in 2000 and a record low of 74.471 USD bn in 1988. Japan JP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry: Total Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Trade Statistics: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: HERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 20.813 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.420 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: HERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 19.324 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.540 USD bn in 2013 and a record low of 9.690 USD bn in 1981. Japan JP: HERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: Aerospace Industry: Total Imports data was reported at 9.781 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.328 USD bn for 2020. Japan JP: Aerospace Industry: Total Imports data is updated yearly, averaging 7.010 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.464 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 2.538 USD bn in 1989. Japan JP: Aerospace Industry: Total Imports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Trade Statistics: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Replication package for Sabate, Marcela; Fillat, Carmen; Escario, Regina: “Budget deficits and money creation: Exploring their relation before Bretton Woods”, to be published in Explorations in Economic History (accepted December 2018). Panel of seventeen countries from 1870 to 1938. Ten countries are sometimes-floaters before the WWI: Argentina, Bulgaria, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Romania and Spain. Seven countries are never-floaters before the WWI: Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Equation8.dta (Stata format): Data of public budget, monetary base and nominal GDP. Replication program Equation 8 offers a dynamic heterogeneous estimation of variations in the monetary base on the budget balance. Equation9.dta (Stata format): Data of variations in the monetary base, real GDP per capita( in 1990 Geary-Khamis dollars), average of public spending level , standard deviation of public spending levels, ratio of debt to nominal GDP and number of cabinet changes per year. Replication program Equation 9 offers a dynamic panel estimation of variations in the monetary base on the rest of variables. Abstract of the paper: The sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone has rekindled the use of the North-South (core-periphery) terminology to refer to the heterogeneity of countries belonging to the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In the gold standard literature, this geographical partition had already been employed to oppose the fiscal profligacy and subsequent problems of convertibility of southern countries against the fiscal probity and long convertibility records of their northern counterparts. We provide statistical evidence that the group of countries that, with available data for 1870-1938, exhibited convertibility problems during the classical gold standard, for this reason called the pre-WWI sometimes-floaters, shared a pattern of fiscal dominance. This finding for the sometimes-floaters (southern European and South American countries plus Japan) differs from the non-fiscal dominance pattern that we obtain for the pre-WWI never-floaters (northern Europe and North America countries) when the Great War and its aftermath years are omitted. We also show that the presence of fiscal dominance was partly due to the lower levels of tax efficiency and political stability in the South.

Japan JP: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 14.247 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.373 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 12.930 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.347 USD bn in 2013 and a record low of 6.634 USD bn in 1981. Japan JP: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

Japan JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data was reported at 22.137 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 18.106 USD bn for 2021. Japan JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 10.265 USD bn from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.137 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 877.456 USD mn in 1987. Japan JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.