Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Japan (DEBTTLJPA188A) from 1990 to 2022 about Japan, debt, government, and GDP.

Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data was reported at 451,380.900 JPY bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 456,977.800 JPY bn for Aug 2018. Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data is updated monthly, averaging 56,479.550 JPY bn from Apr 1982 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 438 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 456,977.800 JPY bn in Aug 2018 and a record low of 11,958.400 JPY bn in Jan 1987. Central Government Debt: Bank of Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.F030: Central Government Debt.

Central government debt, total (current LCU) in Japan was reported at 1.2101681E+15 LCU in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Central government debt, total (current LCU) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Key information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• Japan Government debt accounted for 216.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 217.2 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1994 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 225.8 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 55.9 % in Dec 1994.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bank of Japan provides Government Debt in local currency. The Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about Japan Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan National Government Debt reached 9,396.6 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Gross Ext. Debt Pos., Central Bank, Short-term, All instruments, USD in Japan was reported at 369713217688 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Gross Ext. Debt Pos., Central Bank, Short-term, All instruments, USD - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Central government debt, total (% of GDP) in Japan was reported at 216 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Central government debt, total (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Gross Ext. Debt Pos., Central Bank, All maturities, All instruments, USD in Japan was reported at 369713217688 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Gross Ext. Debt Pos., Central Bank, All maturities, All instruments, USD - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in all markets at lt org mat (> 1y) with st res mat (<= 1y) denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in all markets at org mat > 2y <= 5y denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Deposit Taking Corporations excl Central Bank: Long Term: Other Debt Liabilities data was reported at 6.822 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.691 USD bn for Dec 2017. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Deposit Taking Corporations excl Central Bank: Long Term: Other Debt Liabilities data is updated quarterly, averaging 6.822 USD bn from Mar 2003 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 61 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.839 USD bn in Sep 2012 and a record low of 1.135 USD bn in Jun 2004. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Deposit Taking Corporations excl Central Bank: Long Term: Other Debt Liabilities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: QEDS: Gross External Debt: by Sector and Instrument.

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in all markets at all original maturities denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

As of December 2024, ***************** held ** percent of outstanding Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs). While ******************** held the largest share of JGBs, ***** accounted for **** percent of JGB holders.

Japan - Debt sec, variable rate, issued by central bank, in all markets at all original maturities denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in all markets at st org mat <= 1y denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in all markets at org mat > 10y denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in international market at all original maturities denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Key information about Japan External Debt: Short Term

• Japan External Debt: Short Term value stood at 3,143.9 USD bn in Dec 2024, compared with 3,340.0 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Japan External Debt: Short Term data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2003 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,495.4 USD bn in Mar 2020 and a record low of 825.5 USD bn in Mar 2003.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as the sum of Short Term External Debt breakdowns for General Government, Central Bank, Deposit Taking Corporations excl Central Bank and Other Sectors and converts it into USD. The Bank of Japan provides Short Term External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Short Term External Debt prior to Q1 2014 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Japan External Debt: Short Term

• In the latest reports of Japan, Current Account recorded a surplus of 14.2 USD bn in Apr 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 167.1 USD mn in Jan 2025.
• Japan Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 8.3 USD bn in Jan 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 4.8 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Japan - Debt sec, issued by central bank, in domestic market at all original maturities denominated in all currencies at nominal value stocks

Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Debt Securities data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2013. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for Sep 2013. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Debt Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Mar 2003 (Median) to Dec 2013, with 44 observations. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Debt Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: QEDS: Gross External Debt: by Sector and Instrument.

Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Special Drawing Rights data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2013. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for Sep 2013. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Special Drawing Rights data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Mar 2003 (Median) to Dec 2013, with 44 observations. Japan JP: Gross External Debt: Central Bank: Long Term: Special Drawing Rights data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: QEDS: Gross External Debt: by Sector and Instrument.