Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Dataset used for the research presented in the following paper: Takayuki Hiraoka, Takashi Kirimura, Naoya Fujiwara (2024) "Geospatial analysis of toponyms in geo-tagged social media posts".
We collected georeferenced Twitter posts tagged to coordinates inside the bounding box of Japan between 2012-2018. The present dataset represents the spatial distributions of all geotagged posts as well as posts containing in the text each of 24 domestic toponyms, 12 common nouns, and 6 foreign toponyms. The code used to analyze the data is available on GitHub.
selected_geotagged_tweet_data/
: Number of geotagged twitter posts in each grid cell. Each csv file under this directory associates each grid cell (spanning 30 seconds of latitude and 45 secoonds of longitude, which is approximately a 1km x 1km square, specified by an 8 digit code m3code
) with the number of geotagged tweets tagged to the coordinates inside that cell (tweetcount
). file_names.json
relates each of the toponyms studied in this work to the corresponding datafile (all
denotes the full data). population/population_center_2020.xlsx
: Center of population of each municipality based on the 2020 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on their website (Japanese)population/census2015mesh3_totalpop_setai.csv
: Resident population in each grid cell based on the 2015 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-stat (Japanese)population/economiccensus2016mesh3_jigyosyo_jugyosya.csv
: Employed population in each grid cell based on the 2016 Economic Census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-stat (Japanese)japan_MetropolitanEmploymentArea2015map/
: Shape file for the boundaries of Metropolitan Employment Areas (MEA) in Japan. See this website for details of MEA.ward_shapefiles/
: Shape files for the boundaries of wards in large cities, published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-statGapMaps GIS Data by Azira uses location data on mobile phones sourced by Azira which is collected from smartphone apps when the users have given their permission to track their location. It can shed light on consumer visitation patterns (“where from” and “where to”), frequency of visits, profiles of consumers and much more.
Businesses can utilise GIS data to answer key questions including:
- What is the demographic profile of customers visiting my locations?
- What is my primary catchment? And where within that catchment do most of my customers travel from to reach my locations?
- What points of interest drive customers to my locations (ie. work, shopping, recreation, hotel or education facilities that are in the area) ?
- How far do customers travel to visit my locations?
- Where are the potential gaps in my store network for new developments?
- What is the sales impact on an existing store if a new store is opened nearby?
- Is my marketing strategy targeted to the right audience?
- Where are my competitor's customers coming from?
Mobile Location data provides a range of benefits that make it a valuable GIS Data source for location intelligence services including: - Real-time - Low-cost at high scale - Accurate - Flexible - Non-proprietary - Empirical
Azira have created robust screening methods to evaluate the quality of Mobile location data collected from multiple sources to ensure that their data lake contains only the highest-quality mobile location data.
This includes partnering with trusted location SDK providers that get proper end user consent to track their location when they download an application, can detect device movement/visits and use GPS to determine location co-ordinates.
Data received from partners is put through Azira's data quality algorithm discarding data points that receive a low quality score.
Use cases in Europe will be considered on a case to case basis.
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The Japan Geospatial Analytics Market Report is Segmented by Analytics Type (Surface Analysis, Network Analysis, and More), Deployment Model (On-Premise, Cloud-Based, and Hybrid), Technology (GIS, Remote Sensing, GNSS/GPS, Lidar and 3-D Mapping, and More), End-User Vertical (Agriculture, Utility and Communication, Defense and Intelligence, Government, and More). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).
GIS Market Size 2025-2029
The GIS market size is forecast to increase by USD 24.07 billion, at a CAGR of 20.3% between 2024 and 2029.
The Global Geographic Information System (GIS) market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and GIS technologies. This convergence enables more effective spatial analysis and decision-making in various industries, particularly in soil and water management. However, the market faces challenges, including the lack of comprehensive planning and preparation leading to implementation failures of GIS solutions. Companies must address these challenges by investing in thorough project planning and collaboration between GIS and BIM teams to ensure successful implementation and maximize the potential benefits of these advanced technologies.
By focusing on strategic planning and effective implementation, organizations can capitalize on the opportunities presented by the growing adoption of GIS and BIM technologies, ultimately driving operational efficiency and innovation.
What will be the Size of the GIS Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The global Geographic Information Systems (GIS) market continues to evolve, driven by the increasing demand for advanced spatial data analysis and management solutions. GIS technology is finding applications across various sectors, including natural resource management, urban planning, and infrastructure management. The integration of Bing Maps, terrain analysis, vector data, Lidar data, and Geographic Information Systems enables precise spatial data analysis and modeling. Hydrological modeling, spatial statistics, spatial indexing, and route optimization are essential components of GIS, providing valuable insights for sectors such as public safety, transportation planning, and precision agriculture. Location-based services and data visualization further enhance the utility of GIS, enabling real-time mapping and spatial analysis.
The ongoing development of OGC standards, spatial data infrastructure, and mapping APIs continues to expand the capabilities of GIS, making it an indispensable tool for managing and analyzing geospatial data. The continuous unfolding of market activities and evolving patterns in the market reflect the dynamic nature of this technology and its applications.
How is this GIS Industry segmented?
The GIS industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.
Product
Software
Data
Services
Type
Telematics and navigation
Mapping
Surveying
Location-based services
Device
Desktop
Mobile
Geography
North America
US
Canada
Europe
France
Germany
UK
Middle East and Africa
UAE
APAC
China
Japan
South Korea
South America
Brazil
Rest of World (ROW)
By Product Insights
The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The Global Geographic Information System (GIS) market encompasses a range of applications and technologies, including raster data, urban planning, geospatial data, geocoding APIs, GIS services, routing APIs, aerial photography, satellite imagery, GIS software, geospatial analytics, public safety, field data collection, transportation planning, precision agriculture, OGC standards, location intelligence, remote sensing, asset management, network analysis, spatial analysis, infrastructure management, spatial data standards, disaster management, environmental monitoring, spatial modeling, coordinate systems, spatial overlay, real-time mapping, mapping APIs, spatial join, mapping applications, smart cities, spatial data infrastructure, map projections, spatial databases, natural resource management, Bing Maps, terrain analysis, vector data, Lidar data, and geographic information systems.
The software segment includes desktop, mobile, cloud, and server solutions. Open-source GIS software, with its industry-specific offerings, poses a challenge to the market, while the adoption of cloud-based GIS software represents an emerging trend. However, the lack of standardization and interoperability issues hinder the widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions. Applications in sectors like public safety, transportation planning, and precision agriculture are driving market growth. Additionally, advancements in technologies like remote sensing, spatial modeling, and real-time mapping are expanding the market's scope.
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The Software segment was valued at USD 5.06 billion in 2019
GIS In Utility Industry Market Size 2025-2029
The gis in utility industry market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.55 billion, at a CAGR of 19.8% between 2024 and 2029.
The utility industry's growing adoption of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is driven by the increasing need for efficient and effective infrastructure management. GIS solutions enable utility companies to visualize, analyze, and manage their assets and networks more effectively, leading to improved operational efficiency and customer service. A notable trend in this market is the expanding application of GIS for water management, as utilities seek to optimize water distribution and reduce non-revenue water losses. However, the utility GIS market faces challenges from open-source GIS software, which can offer cost-effective alternatives to proprietary solutions. These open-source options may limit the functionality and support available to users, necessitating careful consideration when choosing a GIS solution. To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate these challenges, utility companies must assess their specific needs and evaluate the trade-offs between cost, functionality, and support when selecting a GIS provider. Effective strategic planning and operational execution will be crucial for success in this dynamic market.
What will be the Size of the GIS In Utility Industry Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
Request Free SampleThe Global Utilities Industry Market for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) continues to evolve, driven by the increasing demand for advanced data management and analysis solutions. GIS services play a crucial role in utility infrastructure management, enabling asset management, data integration, project management, demand forecasting, data modeling, data analytics, grid modernization, data security, field data capture, outage management, and spatial analysis. These applications are not static but rather continuously unfolding, with new patterns emerging in areas such as energy efficiency, smart grid technologies, renewable energy integration, network optimization, and transmission lines. Spatial statistics, data privacy, geospatial databases, and remote sensing are integral components of this evolving landscape, ensuring the effective management of utility infrastructure.
Moreover, the adoption of mobile GIS, infrastructure planning, customer service, asset lifecycle management, metering systems, regulatory compliance, GIS data management, route planning, environmental impact assessment, mapping software, GIS consulting, GIS training, smart metering, workforce management, location intelligence, aerial imagery, construction management, data visualization, operations and maintenance, GIS implementation, and IoT sensors is transforming the industry. The integration of these technologies and services facilitates efficient utility infrastructure management, enhancing network performance, improving customer service, and ensuring regulatory compliance. The ongoing evolution of the utilities industry market for GIS reflects the dynamic nature of the sector, with continuous innovation and adaptation to meet the changing needs of utility providers and consumers.
How is this GIS In Utility Industry Industry segmented?
The gis in utility industry industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. ProductSoftwareDataServicesDeploymentOn-premisesCloudGeographyNorth AmericaUSCanadaEuropeFranceGermanyRussiaMiddle East and AfricaUAEAPACChinaIndiaJapanSouth AmericaBrazilRest of World (ROW).
By Product Insights
The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.In the utility industry, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in optimizing operations and managing infrastructure. Utilities, including electricity, gas, water, and telecommunications providers, utilize GIS software for asset management, infrastructure planning, network performance monitoring, and informed decision-making. The GIS software segment in the utility industry encompasses various solutions, starting with fundamental GIS software that manages and analyzes geographical data. Additionally, utility companies leverage specialized software for field data collection, energy efficiency, smart grid technologies, distribution grid design, renewable energy integration, network optimization, transmission lines, spatial statistics, data privacy, geospatial databases, GIS services, project management, demand forecasting, data modeling, data analytics, grid modernization, data security, field data capture, outage ma
GIS In Telecom Sector Market Size 2025-2029
The GIS in telecom sector market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.35 billion at a CAGR of 15.7% between 2024 and 2029.
The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for capacity planning in the telecommunications industry. GIS technology enables telecom companies to optimize network infrastructure, manage resources efficiently, and improve service delivery. Telecommunication assets and network management systems require GIS integration for efficient asset management and network slicing. However, challenges persist in this market. A communication gap between developers and end-users poses a significant obstacle.
Companies seeking to capitalize on opportunities in the market must focus on addressing these challenges, while also staying abreast of technological advancements and market trends. Effective collaboration between developers and end-users, coupled with strategic investments, will be essential for success in this dynamic market. Telecom companies must bridge this divide to ensure the development of user-friendly and effective GIS solutions. Network densification and virtualization platforms are key trends, allowing for efficient spectrum management and data monetization. Additionally, the implementation of GIS in the telecom sector requires substantial investment in technology and infrastructure, which may deter smaller players from entering the market.
What will be the Size of the GIS In Telecom Sector Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic telecom sector, GIS technology plays a pivotal role in customer analysis, network planning, and infrastructure development. Customer experiences are enhanced through location-based services and real-time data analysis, enabling telecom companies to tailor offerings and improve service quality. Network simulation and capacity planning are crucial for network evolution, with machine learning and AI integration facilitating network optimization and compliance with industry standards.
IOT connectivity and network analytics platforms offer valuable insights for smart city infrastructure development, with 3D data analysis and network outage analysis ensuring network resilience. Telecom industry partnerships foster innovation and collaboration, driving the continuous evolution of the sector. Consulting firms offer expertise in network compliance and network management, ensuring regulatory adherence and optimal network performance.
How is this GIS In Telecom Sector Industry segmented?
The gis in telecom sector industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.
Product
Software
Data
Services
Deployment
On-premises
Cloud
Application
Mapping
Telematics and navigation
Surveying
Location based services
Geography
North America
US
Canada
Europe
France
Germany
UK
APAC
China
India
Japan
South Korea
South America
Brazil
Rest of World (ROW)
By Product Insights
The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. In the telecom sector, the deployment of 5G networks is driving the need for advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to optimize network performance and efficiency. GIS technology enables spatial analysis, network automation, capacity analysis, and bandwidth management, all crucial elements in the rollout of 5G networks. Large enterprises and telecom consulting firms are integrating GIS data into their operations for network planning, optimization, and troubleshooting. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are transforming GIS applications, offering predictive analytics and real-time network performance monitoring. Network virtualization and software-defined networking are also gaining traction, enhancing network capacity and improving network reliability and maintenance.
GIS software companies provide solutions for desktops, mobiles, cloud, and servers, catering to various industry needs. Smart city initiatives and location-based services are expanding the use cases for GIS in telecom, offering new opportunities for growth. Infrastructure deployment and population density analysis are critical factors in network rollout and capacity enhancement. Network security and performance monitoring are essential components of GIS applications, ensuring network resilience and customer experience management. Edge computing and network latency reduction are also signi
Digital Map Market Size 2025-2029
The digital map market size is forecast to increase by USD 31.95 billion at a CAGR of 31.3% between 2024 and 2029.
The market is driven by the increasing adoption of intelligent Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and the availability of location-based services. PDAs, such as smartphones and smartwatches, are becoming increasingly integrated with digital map technologies, enabling users to navigate and access real-time information on-the-go. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) enables remote monitoring of cars and theft recovery. Location-based services, including mapping and navigation apps, are a crucial component of this trend, offering users personalized and convenient solutions for travel and exploration. However, the market also faces significant challenges.
Ensuring the protection of sensitive user information is essential for companies operating in this market, as trust and data security are key factors in driving user adoption and retention. Additionally, the competition in the market is intense, with numerous players vying for market share. Companies must differentiate themselves through innovative features, user experience, and strong branding to stand out in this competitive landscape. Security and privacy concerns continue to be a major obstacle, as the collection and use of location data raises valid concerns among consumers.
What will be the Size of the Digital Map Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the market, cartographic generalization and thematic mapping techniques are utilized to convey complex spatial information, transforming raw data into insightful visualizations. Choropleth maps and dot density maps illustrate distribution patterns of environmental data, economic data, and demographic data, while spatial interpolation and predictive modeling enable the estimation of hydrographic data and terrain data in areas with limited information. Urban planning and land use planning benefit from these tools, facilitating network modeling and location intelligence for public safety and emergency management.
Spatial regression and spatial autocorrelation analyses provide valuable insights into urban development trends and patterns. Network analysis and shortest path algorithms optimize transportation planning and logistics management, enhancing marketing analytics and sales territory optimization. Decision support systems and fleet management incorporate 3D building models and real-time data from street view imagery, enabling effective resource management and disaster response. The market in the US is experiencing robust growth, driven by the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and advanced computer technology into various industries.
How is this Digital Map Industry segmented?
The digital map industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.
Application
Navigation
Geocoders
Others
Type
Outdoor
Indoor
Solution
Software
Services
Deployment
On-premises
Cloud
Geography
North America
US
Canada
Europe
France
Germany
UK
APAC
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
Rest of World (ROW)
By Application Insights
The navigation segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Digital maps play a pivotal role in various industries, particularly in automotive applications for driver assistance systems. These maps encompass raster data, aerial photography, government data, and commercial data, among others. Open-source data and proprietary data are integrated to ensure map accuracy and up-to-date information. Map production involves the use of GPS technology, map projections, and GIS software, while map maintenance and quality control ensure map accuracy. Location-based services (LBS) and route optimization are integral parts of digital maps, enabling real-time navigation and traffic data.
Data validation and map tiles ensure data security. Cloud computing facilitates map distribution and map customization, allowing users to access maps on various devices, including mobile mapping and indoor mapping. Map design, map printing, and reverse geocoding further enhance the user experience. Spatial analysis and data modeling are essential for data warehousing and real-time navigation. The automotive industry's increasing adoption of connected cars and long-term evolution (LTE) technologies have fueled the demand for digital maps. These maps enable driver assistance app
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Report Attribute/Metric | Details |
---|---|
Market Value in 2024 | USD 557 billion |
Revenue Forecast in 2033 | USD 1.84 unknown unit |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 14.2% from 2024 to 2033 |
Base Year for Estimation | 2023 |
Industry Revenue 2023 | 488 billion |
Growth Opportunity | USD 1.4 unknown unit |
Historical Data | 2018 - 2022 |
Forecast Period | 2024 - 2033 |
Market Size Units | Market Revenue in USD billion and Industry Statistics |
Market Size 2023 | 488 billion USD |
Market Size 2026 | 726 billion USD |
Market Size 2028 | 947 billion USD |
Market Size 2030 | 1.24 unknown unit USD |
Market Size 2033 | 1.84 unknown unit USD |
Market Size 2035 | 2.40 unknown unit USD |
Report Coverage | Market Size for past 5 years and forecast for future 10 years, Competitive Analysis & Company Market Share, Strategic Insights & trends |
Segments Covered | Technology, End-User |
Regional Scope | North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa |
Country Scope | U.S., Canada, Mexico, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, UAE and South Africa |
Top 5 Major Countries and Expected CAGR Forecast | U.S., China, Germany, Japan, UK - Expected CAGR 12.8% - 17.0% (2024 - 2033) |
Top 3 Emerging Countries and Expected Forecast | India, Brazil, South Africa - Expected Forecast CAGR 9.9% - 14.9% (2024 - 2033) |
Top 2 Opportunistic Market Segments | Agriculture and Government End-User |
Top 2 Industry Transitions | Shift to Cloud-Based GIS Solutions, Integration of IoT in Geospatial Data Collection |
Companies Profiled | Esri, Hexagon Geospatial, Trimble, Topcon, HERE Technologies, Fugro, TomTom, Geo-Insights, Blue Marble Geographics, SuperMap, Mapbox and Cyient |
Customization | Free customization at segment, region, or country scope and direct contact with report analyst team for 10 to 20 working hours for any additional niche requirement (10% of report value) |
Geospatial Analytics Market Size 2025-2029
The geospatial analytics market size is forecast to increase by USD 178.6 billion, at a CAGR of 21.4% between 2024 and 2029.
The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of geospatial analytics in sectors such as healthcare and insurance. This trend is fueled by the ability of geospatial analytics to provide valuable insights from location-based data, leading to improved operational efficiency and decision-making. Additionally, emerging methods in data collection and generation, including the use of drones and satellite imagery, are expanding the scope and potential of geospatial analytics. However, the market faces challenges, including data privacy and security concerns. With the vast amounts of sensitive location data being collected and analyzed, ensuring its protection is crucial for companies to maintain trust with their customers and avoid regulatory penalties. Navigating these challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities presented by the growing adoption of geospatial analytics requires a strategic approach from industry players. Companies must prioritize data security, invest in advanced analytics technologies, and collaborate with stakeholders to build trust and transparency. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the power of geospatial analytics, businesses can gain a competitive edge and unlock new opportunities in various industries.
What will be the Size of the Geospatial Analytics Market during the forecast period?
Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
Request Free SampleThe market continues to evolve, driven by the increasing demand for location-specific insights across various sectors. Urban planning relies on geospatial optimization and data enrichment to enhance city designs and improve infrastructure. Cloud-based geospatial solutions facilitate real-time data access, enabling location intelligence for public safety and resource management. Spatial data standards ensure interoperability among different systems, while geospatial software and data visualization tools provide valuable insights from satellite imagery and aerial photography. Geospatial services offer data integration, spatial data accuracy, and advanced analytics capabilities, including 3D visualization, route optimization, and data cleansing. Precision agriculture and environmental monitoring leverage geospatial data to optimize resource usage and monitor ecosystem health.
Infrastructure management and real estate industries rely on geospatial data for asset tracking and market analysis. Spatial statistics and disaster management applications help mitigate risks and respond effectively to crises. Geospatial data management and quality remain critical as the volume and complexity of data grow. Geospatial modeling and interoperability enable seamless data sharing and collaboration. Sensor networks and geospatial data acquisition technologies expand the reach of geospatial analytics, while AI-powered geospatial analytics offer new opportunities for predictive analysis and automation. The ongoing development of geospatial technologies and applications underscores the market's continuous dynamism, providing valuable insights and solutions for businesses and organizations worldwide.
How is this Geospatial Analytics Industry segmented?
The geospatial analytics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. TechnologyGPSGISRemote sensingOthersEnd-userDefence and securityGovernmentEnvironmental monitoringMining and manufacturingOthersApplicationSurveyingMedicine and public safetyMilitary intelligenceDisaster risk reduction and managementOthersTypeSurface and field analyticsGeovisualizationNetwork and location analyticsOthersGeographyNorth AmericaUSCanadaEuropeFranceGermanyItalyUKAPACChinaIndiaJapanSouth AmericaBrazilRest of World (ROW)
By Technology Insights
The gps segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market encompasses various applications and technologies, including geospatial optimization, data enrichment, location-based services (LBS), spatial data standards, public safety, geospatial software, resource management, location intelligence, geospatial data visualization, geospatial services, data integration, 3D visualization, satellite imagery, remote sensing, GIS platforms, spatial data infrastructure, aerial photography, route optimization, data cleansing, precision agriculture, spatial interpolation, geospatial databases, transportation planning, spatial data accuracy, spatial analysis, map projections, interactive maps, marketing analytics, d
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Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Dataset used for the research presented in the following paper: Takayuki Hiraoka, Takashi Kirimura, Naoya Fujiwara (2024) "Geospatial analysis of toponyms in geo-tagged social media posts".
We collected georeferenced Twitter posts tagged to coordinates inside the bounding box of Japan between 2012-2018. The present dataset represents the spatial distributions of all geotagged posts as well as posts containing in the text each of 24 domestic toponyms, 12 common nouns, and 6 foreign toponyms. The code used to analyze the data is available on GitHub.
selected_geotagged_tweet_data/
: Number of geotagged twitter posts in each grid cell. Each csv file under this directory associates each grid cell (spanning 30 seconds of latitude and 45 secoonds of longitude, which is approximately a 1km x 1km square, specified by an 8 digit code m3code
) with the number of geotagged tweets tagged to the coordinates inside that cell (tweetcount
). file_names.json
relates each of the toponyms studied in this work to the corresponding datafile (all
denotes the full data). population/population_center_2020.xlsx
: Center of population of each municipality based on the 2020 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on their website (Japanese)population/census2015mesh3_totalpop_setai.csv
: Resident population in each grid cell based on the 2015 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-stat (Japanese)population/economiccensus2016mesh3_jigyosyo_jugyosya.csv
: Employed population in each grid cell based on the 2016 Economic Census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-stat (Japanese)japan_MetropolitanEmploymentArea2015map/
: Shape file for the boundaries of Metropolitan Employment Areas (MEA) in Japan. See this website for details of MEA.ward_shapefiles/
: Shape files for the boundaries of wards in large cities, published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on e-stat