Detailed cost of living comparison between United Kingdom and Japan

This contains the matched samples for (1) Germany-US comparison, (2) Germany-UK comparison, (3) Japan-US comparison, and (4) Japan-UK comparison of shareholder payouts and capital allocation decisions in public firms. It also contains the unmatched full sample with all four countries in one data file. All files are in SPSS format.

UK and Japan based survey questions on support for: - freedom of expression - free speech supporting Israel - free speech supporting Hamas

In the World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated Cardiovascular Disease and Alimentary Comparison Study, isoflavones (I; biomarker for dietary soy) and taurine (T; biomarker for dietary fish) in 24-hour—urine (24U) were inversely related to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. High levels of these biomarkers are found in Japanese people, whose CHD mortality is lowest among developed countries. We analyzed the association of these biomarkers with cardiovascular disease risk in the Japanese to know their health effects within one ethnic population. First, to compare the Japanese intake of I and T with international intakes, the ratios of 24UI and 24UT to creatinine from the WHO Study were divided into quintiles for analysis. The ratio for the Japanese was the highest in the highest quintiles for both I and T, reaching 88.1%, far higher than the average ratio for the Japanese (26.3%) in the total study population. Second, 553 inhabitants of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, aged 30 to 79 years underwent 24-U collection and blood analyses. The 24UT and 24UI were divided into tertiles and adjusted for age and sex. The highest T tertile, compared with the lowest tertile, showed significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, 24U sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The highest I tertile showed significantly higher folate, 24UNa and 24UK compared with the lowest tertile. The highest tertile of both T and I showed significantly higher HDL-C, folate, and 24UNa and 24UK compared with the lowest tertile. Thus, greater consumption of fish and soy were significantly associated with higher HDL-C and folate levels, possibly a contributor to Japan having the lowest CHD mortality and longest life expectancy among developed countries. As these intakes were also associated with a high intake of salt, a low-salt intake of fish and soy should be recommended for healthy life expectancy.

The dataset is a collection of survey records from two surveys, one in Great Britain and one in Japan conducted in 2000 and 2002 respectively. The surveys focused on the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of high technology businesses and their entrepreneurial behaviour.

Its main objectives were: to enhance understanding of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship by identifying and comparing personal and attitudinal characteristics of CEOs in different socio-economic contexts; to explore the interplay of the widely-recognised entrepreneurial drive for independence on the one hand, and various forms of interdependence on the other; through studying the increasingly important high technology small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector, to shed light on the processes of transformation of industrialised economies.

Aims: We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Japanese version of the Actions and Feelings Questionnaire (J-AFQ), an 18-item self-report measure of non-verbal emotional communication, as well as to examine its transcultural properties.Methods: The J-AFQ was administered to 500 Japanese adults (age 20–49, 250 male), alongside the Japanese Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ-J) and Empathy Quotient (EQ-J). These were compared to a group of 597 British and Irish participants (age 16–18, 148 male). J-AFQ was assessed in terms of validity by confirmatory factor analysis and convergence with BAPQ-J and EQ-J using Pearson correlation. Internal consistency and differential item functioning (DIF) were assessed and compared between Japanese and UK/Irish participants.Results: Reversed worded items (RWIs) showed poor item-total correlations but excluding these left a 13-item version of the J-AFQ with good internal consistency and content validity. Consistent with the English version, J-AFQ scores correlated with EQ and lower BAPQ scores. However, comparing across cultures, J-AFQ scores were significantly lower in the Japanese sample, and there was evidence of important DIF by country in over half of the J-AFQ itemsConclusion: Cultural differences in attitudes to self-report, as well as increased acquiescence to RWI's also seen in previous studies, limit the value of the 18-item instrument in Japanese culture. However, the 13-item J-AFQ is a valid and reliable measure of motor empathy, which, alongside the English version, offers promise for research in motor cognition and non-verbal emotional communication across cultures.

Cigarettes dominate the Japanese tobacco market accounting for nearly 100% of tobacco sales. The profile of smokeless tobacco, in comparison, is negligible with sales at less than 1 tonne per annum for much of the 1990s and only approaching 1 tonne per annum since the early part of the decade. Snus was believed to account for between two-thirds and three-quarters of the smokeless tobacco market in 2009, and snuff the balance. The profile of smokeless tobacco, in comparison, is negligible with sales at less than 1 tonne per annum for much of the 1990s and only approaching 1 tonne per annum since the early part of the decade. In 2009 only 0.4 tonnes of smokeless tobacco was sold. Read More

Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data was reported at 4,888.124 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,825.577 USD bn for 2016. Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 3,379.997 USD bn from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,315.108 USD bn in 2012 and a record low of 58.263 USD bn in 1962. Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Gap-filled total;

The study is about public expenditure on education – in current and constant prices – in an international comparison for Germany, France, Spain and Great Britain from 1815 to 1989. Goal of the study: explanation of the internal structures of the education system and showing the relation between the development of the education system and economic growth. Main points: economics of education, relation between development of the education system and economic growth, relation between the development level of a country and the level of education of its population. Structure of the study in HISTAT (topic: education) Tables: - Education expenditure in Germany, France, Great Britain and Spain (1815-1998) - Education expenditure in Japan (1868-1940) - Education expenditure in Spain, in 1000 Peseta (1850-1965) Variables: - Germany: Public expenditure on education in current prices - Germany: Public expenditure on education in constant prices - Great Britain: Public expenditure on education in current prices - Great Britain: Public expenditure on education in constant prices - France: Public expenditure on education in current prices - France: Public expenditure on education in constant prices - Spain: Public expenditure on education in current prices - Spain: Public expenditure on education in constant prices - Japan: Public expenditure on education altogether in thousand Yen - Japan: Expenditure on education of the prefectures in thousand Yen - Japan: Expenditure on education of the cities, towns and villages in thousand Yen - Japan: ALLTOGETHER: Expenditure on education of prefectures, cities, towns and - Japan: Expenditure on education altogether in thousand Yen - Japan: Gross national product in thousand Yen - Japan: National income in thousand Yen - Japan: Public expenditure in thousand Yen - Japan: Expenditure on military in thousand Yen - Japan: Public debt in thousand Yen - Japan: Public investments in thousand Yen - Japan: Other public expenditure in thousand Yen - Japan: Price index 1934-36 = 100 - Japan: Population in thousand Spain: Public expenditure on education in thousand Peseta for: - Management schools, in current prices - Management schools, in constant prices - Primary schools, in current prices - Primary schools, in constant prices - Vocational schools, in current prices - Vocational schools, in constant prices - Secondary schools, in current prices - Secondary schools, in constant prices - Technical colleges, in current prices - Technical colleges, in constant prices - Universities, in current prices - Universities, in constant prices - Special schools, in current prices - Special schools, in constant prices - Expenditure on education altogether, in current prices - Expenditure on education altogether, in constant prices - Public expenditure altogether, in current prices - Public expenditure altogether, in constant prices - Spain: Price index of national income (1958 = 100) - Spain: National Income in thousand Pesetas - Spain: Population altogether

United Kingdom's Number of endangered species of birds is 11[Number] which is the 137th highest in the world ranking. Transition graphs on Number of endangered species of birds in United Kingdom and comparison bar charts (USA vs. China vs. Japan vs. United Kingdom), (France vs. Italy vs. United Kingdom) are used for easy understanding. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

Status of approval/use authorization in each country for drugs granted the Emergency Use Authorization by FDA.

Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 38,550.000 USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 38,000.000 USD for 2016. Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 27,405.000 USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49,480.000 USD in 2012 and a record low of 610.000 USD in 1962. Japan JP: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;

Development status in each country for drugs granted the Emergency Use Authorization by FDA.

Background: An external locus of control (externality) is associated with poorer psychopathology in individualist cultures, but associations are reported to be weaker in collectivist cultures where an external style is less maladaptive. We investigated the prospective association between externality and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and depressive symptoms (DS) and compared the strength of associations between a UK and a Japanese cohort.Method: Cross-cultural cohort study of a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese cohort (Tokyo Teen Cohort). Externality was assessed using the Children's Nowicki and Strickland Internal, External Scale and DS using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire in both cohorts, PLE were assessed with the Psychosis-Like Experiences Questionnaire (ALSPAC), and the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (TTC). Associations were investigated using multivariable regression models and bivariate regression models to compare the strength of associations.Results: Mean externality in both childhood and adolescence was higher in ALSPAC than in the TTC. Childhood externality was associated with PLE in late childhood and adolescence in both cohorts and adolescent externality was associated with PLE in young adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. There was a more mixed pattern of association between externality and DS scores. There was little evidence of any differences in the strength of associations between externality and different psychopathologies, or between cohorts. In ALSPAC adolescent externality and early adult psychopathology were more strongly associated than childhood externality and adolescent and early adult psychopathology. There was no evidence that change in externality between childhood and adolescence was associated with new onset PLE or DS in early adulthood.Conclusion: An external locus of control is associated with poor mental health regardless of cultural context.

Neurotropic flavivirus Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are amongst the leading causes of encephalitis. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified proteins differentially expressed upon JEV (gp-3, RP9) or WNV (IS98) infection of human neuroblastoma cells. Both viruses were associated with the up-regulation of immune response (IFIT1/3/5, ISG15, OAS, STAT1, IRF9) and the down-regulation of SSBP2, involved in gene expression, as well as PAM, involved in neuropeptide amidation. Proteins associated to membranes, involved in extracellular matrix organization and collagen metabolism represented major clusters down-regulated by JEV and WNV. Moreover, transcription regulation and mRNA processing clusters were also heavily regulated by both neurotropic flaviviruses. If the proteome of neuroblastoma cells infected by JEV or WNV was significantly modulated in the presence of mosquito saliva, both viruses showed distinct patterns. Mosquito saliva favored the modulation of proteins associated with gene regulation in JEV infected neuroblastoma cells while it was the modulation of proteins associated with protein maturation, signal transduction and ion transporters in the case of WNV infected neuroblastoma cells.

Summary of emergency approval/use authorization regulations in each country.

The Personal Hygiene market in Japan is forecast to register higher growth in value and volume terms during 2015-2020 in comparison to 2010-2015 Soap category is forecast to register the fastest growth during 2015-2020 Hypermarkets & Supermarkets is the leading distribution channel in the Japan's Cosmetics & Toiletries market Rigid Plastics is the most commonly used packaging material in the Personal Hygiene market Read More

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Internet Protocol Television Market Size 2024-2028

The internet protocol television (IPTV) market size is forecast to increase by USD 128.41 at a CAGR of 23.31% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to several key factors. The increasing adoption of smart TVs and tablets, as well as media and entertainment storage devices, are driving the demand for IPTV services. Set-top boxes (STBs) continue to be popular devices for accessing IPTV content, but wireless routers are also gaining traction as they enable seamless streaming of over-the-top (OTT) services. Furthermore, the integration of 5G technology into IPTV systems is expected to revolutionize the market by providing faster and more reliable streaming. However, challenges such as piracy and illegal streaming continue to pose a threat to market growth. The market represents a significant shift In the global communication technology landscape, characterized by the delivery of high-definition channels and video-on-demand services over wired and wireless networks. Overall, the IPTV market is poised for continued expansion as consumers seek more convenient and flexible ways to access their favorite media and entertainment content.

What will be the Size of the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) Market During the Forecast Period?

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With increasing internet penetration and ICT spending, the IT industry's hardware business is experiencing a transitional phase towards internet-based streaming. IPTV's growth is driven by the availability of 5G technology, enabling ultra-high definition content transmission. IPTV subscribers are on the rise, surpassing traditional broadcasting modes such as cable and satellite TV. The market's size is measured in millions, with volumes in units continuing to grow. Network architecture is evolving to accommodate the demands of IPTV, with a focus on the efficient delivery of HD channels and video-on-demand services.
Internet video advertising is also gaining traction, offering new revenue streams for content providers. Enterprises and residential customers alike are embracing IPTV, with its flexibility and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional broadcasting methods. The IPTV market's direction is towards a more connected, on-demand world, where consumers have control over their viewing experience. Overall, the ICT industry's evolution towards IPTV represents a significant shift in communication technology, with far-reaching implications for content delivery and consumer behavior.

How is this Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The internet protocol television (IPTV) industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Component

  Hardware
  Software
  Services


Type

  Wired
  Wireless


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    UK


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    South Korea


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Component Insights

The hardware segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The IPTV market experienced significant growth in 2023, with the hardware segment holding the largest market share. This segment encompasses the physical components necessary for IPTV service delivery, including set-top boxes, routers, and switches. Set-top boxes (STBs) are a vital component, allowing customers to access IPTV services on their televisions. Connected to a broadband modem or router, STBs decode and display IPTV signals. Routers and switches facilitate data transmission between the IPTV provider's server and the customer's set-top box. The IPTV ecosystem also includes video-on-demand, high-definition channels, internet video advertising, and other advanced functions. The market's expansion is influenced by factors such as internet penetration, IT industry growth, economic changes, and the increasing adoption of 5G technology and smart home technologies.

IPTV subscribers benefit from traction in broadband penetration, investment in content, and competition with traditional broadcasting modes like cable and satellite TV. IPTV service systems offer user experiences that prioritize quality, jitter-free service, and advanced functions. The hardware business, including TV manufacturers and telecom companies, plays a crucial role In the market's development.

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The Hardware segment was valued at USD 14.84 in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 30% to the growth of the global market du

Background: A rapidly ageing population presents major challenges to health and social care services. Cross-country comparative studies on survival among older adults are limited. In addition, Japan, the country with the longest life expectancy, is rarely included in these cross-country comparisons. Objective: We examined the relative contributions of social and behavioural factors on the differences in survival among older people in Japan and England. Methods: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; n = 13,176) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 5,551) to analyse all-cause mortality up to 9.4 years from the baseline. Applying Laplace regression models, the 15th survival percentile difference was estimated. Results: During the follow-up, 31.3% of women and 38.6% of men in the ELSA died, whereas 19.3% of women and 31.3% of men in the JAGES died. After adjusting for age and baseline health status, JAGES participants had longer survival than ELSA participants by 318.8 days for women and by 131.6 days for men. Family-based social relationships contributed to 105.4 days longer survival in JAGES than ELSA men. Fewer friendship-based social relationships shortened the JAGES men’s survival by 45.4 days compared to ELSA men. Currently not being a smoker contributed to longer survival for JAGES women (197.7 days) and ELSA men (46.6 days), and having lower BMI reduced the survival of JAGES participants by 129.0 days for women and by 212.2 days for men. Conclusion: Compared to participants in England, Japanese older people lived longer mainly because of non-smoking for women and family-based social relationships for men. In contrast, a lower rate of underweight, men’s better friendship-based social relationships, and a lower smoking rate contributed to survival among participants in England.

Paleoceanographic evidence commonly indicates that Last Glacial Maximum surface temperatures in the Japan Sea were comparable to modern conditions, in striking difference to colder neighboring regions. Here, based on a core from the central Japan Sea, our results show similar UK′37- and TEXL86-derived temperatures between 24.7-16.3 ka BP, followed by an abrupt divergence at ~16.3 ka BP and a weakening of divergence after ~ 8.7 ka BP. We attribute this process to a highly stratified glacial upper ocean controlled by the East Asian Summer Monsoon, increasing thermal gradient between surface and subsurface layers during the deglaciation and the intrusion of Tsushima Warm Current since the mid Holocene, respectively. Therefore, we suggest threshold-like changes in upper-ocean temperatures linked to sea-level rise and monsoon dynamics, rather than just sea surface temperatures, play a critical role in shaping the thermal and ventilation history of this NW Pacific marginal sea.