As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

The yield on Japan 10Y Bond Yield eased to 1.46% on June 6, 2025, marking a 0 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.16 points and is 0.49 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Japan 10 Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on June of 2025.

United States Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Japan data was reported at 1,028.000 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,029.900 USD bn for Aug 2018. United States Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Japan data is updated monthly, averaging 708.200 USD bn from Mar 2000 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 223 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,241.500 USD bn in Nov 2014 and a record low of 292.900 USD bn in Sep 2001. United States Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Department of Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.Z050: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

In 2023, China held 5.33 percent of foreign held U.S. securities. Japan held a further 9.28 percent of foreign held securities. The national debt of the United Stated can be found here.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for Japan (IRLTLT01JPM156N) from Jan 1989 to Apr 2025 about long-term, 10-year, Japan, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

In March 2025, the average yield on ten-year government bonds in the United States was 4.27 percent. This was the highest of the selected developed economies considered in this statistic. Except Germany, Luxembourg, and Japan, all countries had a yield higher than three on their government bonds. Bonds and yields – additional information The bond yield indicates the level of return that the investor can expect from a given type of bond. The government of Italy, for instance, offered the investors 3.9 percent yield on ten-year government bonds for borrowing their money in March 2025. In the United States, government needs are also financed by selling various debt instruments such as Treasury bills, notes, bonds and savings bonds to investors. The largest holders of U.S. debt are the Federal Reserve and Government accounts in the United States. The major foreign holders of the United States treasury securities are Japan, Mainland China, and the United Kingdom.

Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Africa data was reported at 48.803 USD bn in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 46.189 USD bn for Dec 2024. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Africa data is updated monthly, averaging 45.690 USD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 158 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69.361 USD bn in Jun 2018 and a record low of 22.677 USD bn in Jul 2016. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Africa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z061: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

The value of U.S. Treasury securities held by residents of Russia amounted to ** million U.S. dollars in March 2025, marking a stark contrast to ***** billion U.S. dollars held in January 2020. The lowest over the period under consideration was recorded in November 2023 at ** million U.S. dollars. Furthermore, in March 2020, the figure plummeted to **** billion U.S. dollars, down from **** billion U.S. dollars one month prior. Russia’s holdings of U.S. treasury securities have decreased since 2014 following the Western sanctions over the annexation of Crimea and have further dropped in 2022 after more restrictions were imposed over the war in Ukraine. What are U.S. treasury holdings? U.S. treasury holdings are government debt instruments that contribute to the funding of various government projects in the country. The U.S. Department of Treasury allows individuals and organizations to invest in treasury notes, bills, and bonds, which are the main three types of securities. Just under half of the outstanding ** trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024 were in the form of treasury notes. The notes have varying maturities and coupon payment frequencies, which are different from the maturity periods of treasury bills and bonds. Main foreign holders of U.S. treasury securities Foreign holdings of U.S. treasury debt amounted to ***** trillion U.S. dollars as of January 2024. Japan and China held the largest portions, with China possessing ***** billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. Additionally, other significant foreign holders included oil exporting countries and Caribbean banking centers.

The major foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities are typically countries and entities that invest heavily in U.S. government debt. As of the latest data, here are some of the top foreign holders:

Japan: Historically, Japan has been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities. China: China is another major holder, though its holdings have fluctuated due to various economic and political factors. United Kingdom: The UK is a significant investor in U.S. Treasuries, often ranked among the top holders. Ireland: Ireland holds a substantial amount of U.S. Treasury securities. Luxembourg: Luxembourg is also a notable holder of U.S. Treasuries. Switzerland: Swiss investments in U.S. Treasury securities are considerable. Brazil: Brazil is one of the largest holders in Latin America. Belgium: Belgium, often through its financial institutions, holds a significant amount. Taiwan: Taiwan's central bank and other financial institutions invest heavily in U.S. Treasuries. Hong Kong: Hong Kong maintains substantial holdings in U.S. Treasuries. These rankings can change frequently based on economic conditions, currency reserves, and geopolitical factors. For the most up-to-date information, refer to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" report.

Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Denmark data was reported at 12.756 USD bn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.686 USD bn for Dec 2024. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Denmark data is updated monthly, averaging 16.129 USD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 158 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.770 USD bn in Apr 2016 and a record low of 11.362 USD bn in Oct 2022. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Denmark data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z061: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

As of December 2024, the Bank of Japan held 52 percent of outstanding Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs). While Japan's central bank held the largest share of JGBs, banks accounted for 12.7 percent of JGB holders.

The outstanding value of Japan's general government debt securities has shown an upward trend from 2000 to the third quarter of 2024, rising from approximately 4.3 trillion U.S. dollars to nearly nine trillion U.S. dollars. The peak occurred in 2011, when government debt securities recorded a value of over 11 trillion U.S. dollars.

Bond Investments by Japanese abroad decreased by 118 billion yen in the week ending May 31 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Foreign Bond Investment - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The outstanding amount of government general bonds in Japan was planned to reach approximately 1.1 quadrillion Japanese yen by the end of the 2025 fiscal year. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall outstanding amount of general bonds issued by the central government leaped by about 60 trillion from fiscal 2019 to 2020.

Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Other data was reported at 77.837 USD bn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 78.764 USD bn for Dec 2024. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Other data is updated monthly, averaging 44.687 USD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 158 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 86.054 USD bn in Jul 2024 and a record low of 23.169 USD bn in Jan 2012. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z061: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Regional Organizations data was reported at 23.819 USD bn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.700 USD bn for Dec 2024. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Regional Organizations data is updated monthly, averaging 15.360 USD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 158 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.700 USD bn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 6.762 USD bn in Feb 2012. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: Regional Organizations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z061: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

The statistic represents foreign holdings of U.S. Treasury securities in 2009, by country/region. Japan held 760.7 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities.

Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: International data was reported at 75.680 USD bn in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 94.348 USD bn for Dec 2024. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: International data is updated monthly, averaging 45.216 USD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 158 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 94.348 USD bn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 27.271 USD bn in Nov 2013. Treasury Securities: Foreign Holder: International data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Department of the Treasury. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.Z061: Major Foreign Holders of US Treasury Securities.

As of the end of the fiscal year 2023, the Bank of Japan held the largest amount of outstanding Japanese government bonds (JGBs) and T-Bills with about 585.2 trillion Japanese yen. This figure was around 40 times higher than that of outstanding JGBs and treasury bills held by Japanese households, which amounted to approximately 13.5 trillion yen.

In January 2020, prior to the onset of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, three of the seven largest economies by GDP had negative yields for two-year government bonds (Japan, Germany and France). With the onset of the pandemic, two-year bond yields in these countries actually rose slightly - in contrast to the other major economies, where yields fell over this period. As of December 2024, yields for two-year government bonds exhibited fluctuations across all countries. Notably, Japan showed a slight upward trend, while China experienced a modest decline.Negative yields assume that investors lack confidence in economic growth, meaning many investments (such as stocks) may lose value. Therefore, it is preferable to take a small loss on government debt that carries almost no risk to the investor, than risk a larger loss on other investments. As both the yen and euro are considered very safe assets, Japanese, German and French bonds were already being held by many investors prior to the pandemic as a hedge against economic downturn. Therefore, with the announcement of fiscal responses to the pandemic by many governments around March 2020, the value of these assets rose as confidence increased (slightly) that the worst case may be avoided. At the same time, yields on bonds with a higher return fell, as investors sought out investments with a higher return that were still considered safe.