In 2023, Singapore dominated the ranking of the world's health and health systems, followed by Japan and South Korea. The health index score is calculated by evaluating various indicators that assess the health of the population, and access to the services required to sustain good health, including health outcomes, health systems, sickness and risk factors, and mortality rates. The health and health system index score of the top ten countries with the best healthcare system in the world ranged between 82 and 86.9, measured on a scale of zero to 100.

Global Health Security Index  Numerous health and health system indexes have been developed to assess various attributes and aspects of a nation's healthcare system. One such measure is the Global Health Security (GHS) index. This index evaluates the ability of 195 nations to identify, assess, and mitigate biological hazards in addition to political and socioeconomic concerns, the quality of their healthcare systems, and their compliance with international finance and standards. In 2021, the United States was ranked at the top of the GHS index, but due to multiple reasons, the U.S. government failed to effectively manage the COVID-19 pandemic. The GHS Index evaluates capability and identifies preparation gaps; nevertheless, it cannot predict a nation's resource allocation in case of a public health emergency.

Universal Health Coverage Index  Another health index that is used globally by the members of the United Nations (UN) is the universal health care (UHC) service coverage index. The UHC index monitors the country's progress related to the sustainable developmental goal (SDG) number three. The UHC service coverage index tracks 14 indicators related to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, service capacity, and access to care. The main target of universal health coverage is to ensure that no one is denied access to essential medical services due to financial hardships. In 2021, the UHC index scores ranged from as low as 21 to a high score of 91 across 194 countries. 

Percentage of Population Exposure to Icing Days在2021达19.290%，相较于2020的11.450%有所增长。Percentage of Population Exposure to Icing Days数据按每年更新，1990至2021期间平均值为14.770%，共32份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2016，达33.100%，而历史最低值则出现于2007，为7.130%。CEIC提供的Percentage of Population Exposure to Icing Days数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，数据归类于Global Database的日本 – Table JP.OECD.GGI: Social: Air Quality and Health: OECD Member: Annual。

Hospital bed density varies significantly across countries, with South Korea and Japan leading the pack at over ** beds per 1,000 population in 2022. This stark contrast becomes apparent when compared to countries like the United States, which reported just **** beds per 1,000 people. These figures highlight the disparities in healthcare infrastructure and capacity among nations, potentially impacting their ability to respond to health crises and provide adequate care. Global trends in hospital bed density While some countries maintain high bed densities, others have experienced declines over time. Canada, for instance, saw its hospital bed rate decrease from **** per 1,000 inhabitants in 1980 to **** in 2022, mirroring trends seen in other developed nations. Similarly, Russia's hospital bed density fell from ** beds per 10,000 inhabitants in 2012 to ** beds per 10,000 in 2023. These reductions may reflect changes in healthcare delivery models and efficiency improvements. Regional variations and healthcare implications Despite having one of the highest bed densities globally, Japan has seen a slight decrease in recent years, from ***** beds per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 to ******* in 2023. However, Japan still maintains a high capacity, which supports its notably long average hospital stay of **** days in 2022. In contrast, Brazil reported just under *** beds per 1,000 inhabitants in 2022, highlighting the significant disparities that exist between countries and regions in terms of healthcare infrastructure and potential impacts on patient care.