Data show the share of the population having access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene by service type. Based on the WHO/UNICEF JMP, For drinking water, the service levels were ranked as safely managed, basic, limited, unimproved, and surface water. For sanitation, the service levels were classified as safely managed, basic, limited, unimproved, and open defecation. For hygiene referring to handwashing, the service levels were categorized as basic, limited, and no facility.

Indonesia People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 30.266 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 29.991 % for 2021. Indonesia People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 27.108 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.266 % in 2022 and a record low of 23.542 % in 2000. Indonesia People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Context

I created this dataset for the Data Science for Good challenge. The raw data required a lot of cleaning and so I created a tidy dataset.

Content

Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection).

Acknowledgements

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme ( JMP ) for Water Supply and Sanitation ( wssinfo.org ).

Inspiration

I am hoping that this data can be used to test whether programs meant to improve access to safe drinking water are allocating resources where they are most needed.

This dataset compromises all country files included in the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) global database (https://washdata.org/data/household, downloaded June 2019).

It includes:

Country: ISO 3 code + Complete name

Service: Water or Sanitation

Setting: Urban or Rural

Source: Category of the household survey

Year: Date of the household survey

X1, X2 and X3: percentage of the population using…

In Water: X1 all improved drinking water sources; X2 piped drinking water sources and X3 no drinking water facility (surface water).

In Sanitation: X1 all improved sanitation facilities; X2 improved sanitation facilities connected to sewers and X3 no sanitation facilities (open defecation).

The dataset is used in the following paper:

Ezbakhe, F. and Pérez-Foguet, A. (2019) Estimating access to drinking water and sanitation: The need to account for uncertainty in trend analysis. Science of the Total Environment. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133830

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133830

United States US: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data was reported at 99.200 % in 2015. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.200 % for 2014. United States US: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data is updated yearly, averaging 98.900 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.200 % in 2015 and a record low of 98.400 % in 1991. United States US: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection).; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation (http://www.wssinfo.org/).; Weighted average;

Uganda People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services: % of Population data was reported at 17.796 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.648 % for 2021. Uganda People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 16.020 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.796 % in 2022 and a record low of 14.128 % in 2000. Uganda People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Uganda – Table UG.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines: ventilated improved pit latrines, compositing toilets or pit latrines with slabs.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.2.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

The status of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in schools in sub-Saharan Africa remains dire. Only 46% have access to basic water services, 44% to basic sanitation services, and 26% to basic hygienic services. Although integrating these services with other water and waste streams could benefit service provision, a systematic methodology for such integration does not exist yet. This research approaches a first step–a methodology for an integrated assessment of water, sanitation, and solid waste management (SWM) services in schools. In addition, a modified version of the Joint Monitoring Program’s WASH service ladder for schools is provided for a detailed understanding of the service levels. A total of 16 schools from two small towns in Uganda are taken as case studies to identify the current service levels, interlinkages between the sectors as well as their enabling environment. Using surveys, stakeholder interviews, observations, and water quality measurements, the results show several cross-contamination pathways leading to exposure of pupils to pathogens. Finance and policies are major inhibitors of positive interlinkages and limited skills and capacities amplify negative interlinkages. The results emphasize the need for a shift toward further integrated planning of the water and waste services in schools and other institutions.

Indicator 6.1.1The proportion of the population using safely managed drinking water services.Methodology:Household surveys and censuses currently provide information on types of basic drinking water sources listed above and also indicate if sources are on-premises. These data sources often have information on the availability of water and increasingly on the quality of water at the household level, through direct testing of drinking water for faecal or chemical contamination. These data will be combined with data on availability and compliance with drinking water quality standards (faecal and chemical) from administrative reporting or regulatory bodies. The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) estimates access to basic services for each country, separately in urban and rural areas, by fitting a regression line to a series of data points from household surveys and censuses. This approach was used to report on the use of ‘improved water’ sources for MDG monitoring.Data Source:Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation.

The status of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in schools in sub-Saharan Africa remains dire. Only 46% have access to basic water services, 44% to basic sanitation services, and 26% to basic hygienic services. Although integrating these services with other water and waste streams could benefit service provision, a systematic methodology for such integration does not exist yet. This research approaches a first step–a methodology for an integrated assessment of water, sanitation, and solid waste management (SWM) services in schools. In addition, a modified version of the Joint Monitoring Program’s WASH service ladder for schools is provided for a detailed understanding of the service levels. A total of 16 schools from two small towns in Uganda are taken as case studies to identify the current service levels, interlinkages between the sectors as well as their enabling environment. Using surveys, stakeholder interviews, observations, and water quality measurements, the results show several cross-contamination pathways leading to exposure of pupils to pathogens. Finance and policies are major inhibitors of positive interlinkages and limited skills and capacities amplify negative interlinkages. The results emphasize the need for a shift toward further integrated planning of the water and waste services in schools and other institutions.

Burundi BI: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data was reported at 75.900 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 75.800 % for 2014. Burundi BI: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data is updated yearly, averaging 72.550 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75.900 % in 2015 and a record low of 68.800 % in 1990. Burundi BI: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Burundi – Table BI.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection).; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation (http://www.wssinfo.org/).; Weighted average;

Indicator 6.1.1The proportion of the population using safely managed drinking water services.Methodology:Household surveys and censuses currently provide information on types of basic drinking water sources listed above and also indicate if sources are on-premises. These data sources often have information on the availability of water and increasingly on the quality of water at the household level, through direct testing of drinking water for faecal or chemical contamination. These data will be combined with data on availability and compliance with drinking water quality standards (faecal and chemical) from administrative reporting or regulatory bodies. The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) estimates access to basic services for each country, separately in urban and rural areas, by fitting a regression line to a series of data points from household surveys and censuses. This approach was used to report on the use of ‘improved water’ sources for MDG monitoring.Data Source:Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation.

aMDG 7C is to halve the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Classification of achievement is based on figures produced by the WHO/UNICEF JMP for Water Supply and Sanitation for 1990 and 2010 [91].bMedian administrative area standard deviation (SD) is taken from the posterior distribution for standard deviation at the administrative area level generated by the hierarchical model, and reflects the amount of data available for a given country (increased SD reflects greater uncertainty and less data).cRGI is a measure of relative inequality in access sub-nationally within a given country given national coverage levels. Negative values indicate a lower than expected inequality, whilst positive values indicate greater than expected inequality; ↓ indicates a score significantly lower than 0 and ↑ indicates a score significantly higher than 0.

Saudi Arabia People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data was reported at 100.000 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 % for 2021. Saudi Arabia People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2022 and a record low of 100.000 % in 2022. Saudi Arabia People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using at least basic water services. This indicator encompasses both people using basic water services as well as those using safely managed water services. Basic drinking water services is defined as drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;

ST: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 36.301 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 36.188 % for 2021. ST: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 31.398 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.301 % in 2022 and a record low of 25.763 % in 2000. ST: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sao Tome and Principe – Table ST.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Samoa People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data was reported at 56.205 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56.097 % for 2021. Samoa People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data is updated yearly, averaging 55.016 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.205 % in 2022 and a record low of 54.260 % in 2004. Samoa People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Samoa – Table WS.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is a disaggregated indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data was reported at 99.639 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.639 % for 2021. Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data is updated yearly, averaging 99.795 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.842 % in 2008 and a record low of 99.639 % in 2022. Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is a disaggregated indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Benin BJ: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data was reported at 77.900 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 77.800 % for 2014. Benin BJ: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data is updated yearly, averaging 68.150 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 77.900 % in 2015 and a record low of 57.100 % in 1990. Benin BJ: Improved Water Source: % of Population with Access data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Benin – Table BJ.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population using an improved drinking water source. The improved drinking water source includes piped water on premises (piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard), and other improved drinking water sources (public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection).; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation (http://www.wssinfo.org/).; Weighted average;

Data calculated for State of the Tropics report from original source: World Health Organisation/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Progamme (JMP) for Water Supply & Sanitation. The proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility is the percentage of the population with access to facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact.

Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Urban: % of Urban Population data was reported at 99.996 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 99.996 % for 2021. Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Urban: % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 99.911 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.996 % in 2022 and a record low of 99.843 % in 2003. Germany People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: Urban: % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is a disaggregated indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Honduras People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 65.207 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 64.829 % for 2021. Honduras People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 55.655 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.207 % in 2022 and a record low of 41.601 % in 2000. Honduras People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Honduras – Table HN.World Bank.WDI: Social: Access to Services. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.;WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).;Weighted average;Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This is the Sustainable Development Goal indicator 6.1.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].