Kazakhstan KZ: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data was reported at 22.520 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.660 Ratio for 2015. Kazakhstan KZ: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 23.900 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.529 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 14.570 Ratio in 1999. Kazakhstan KZ: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data was reported at 72.300 Year in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 72.000 Year for 2015. Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 65.866 Year from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.300 Year in 2016 and a record low of 58.368 Year in 1960. Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.World Bank: Health Statistics. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision, or derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Since 1991, the governments of 15 countries, formerly integrated into a unified cultural, economic, social, and legal framework within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, have sequentially decided to secede from the union and build sovereign nation-states with independent foreign and domestic policies. The dataset has been compiled with the aim of studying the demographic policies of post-Soviet countries, including the Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, and Republic of Estonia. For consistency in comparison, demographic statistics were obtained from a single source: the non-profit, non-governmental resource “Database.earth,” which bases its data on the report titled “2024 Revision of World Population Prospects” prepared by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations.The files include two tables (with corresponding charts): 1. The natural increase rate in the studied countries over the period from 1990 to 2024. 2. Urban-rural population ratio in the studied countries as of 2024. The natural increase rate is a standardized indicator that allows comparisons between different states regardless of their size or level of economic development. Private trends for individual states. 1. The Russian Federation. After a stable period of positive growth in the late 1980s, the country faced a deep crisis in the first half of the 1990s (-5.7% in 1995). By the beginning of the 21st century, dynamics stabilized, but the overall trend remains negative. Attempts to restore fertility led to temporary improvement in 2015 (+0.3%). 2. Republic of Kazakhstan. The country maintained a positive growth dynamic almost throughout the observation period. The highest peak of growth falls on the early 2010s (13.6% in 2010, 15.2% in 2015), demonstrating high rates of population reproduction. However, by the end of the observed period (2024), there is also a gradual slowdown in growth noted. 3. Republic of Belarus. The situation in Belarus is characterized by alternating positive and negative phases. The beginning of the 1990s was marked by a significant drop, followed by a weak recovery period. Nevertheless, the general tendency is towards maintaining low levels of growth, transitioning into an insignificant minus by the 2020s. 4. Kyrgyz Republic. The only country showing sustained positive values of growth over the entire study period. Although some reduction in positive figures has been observed, nevertheless, it maintains relatively high rates of natural increase (approximately +15-18%). 5. Estonian Republic. This country stands out with the strongest volatility among the reviewed states. Except for one year (2010), natural growth remained consistently negative. The significant fall was observed in the mid-1990s and continued through the first decades of the 21st century.

Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Male data was reported at 68.100 Year in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 67.500 Year for 2015. Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 60.500 Year from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.100 Year in 2016 and a record low of 53.231 Year in 1960. Kazakhstan KZ: Life Expectancy at Birth: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.World Bank: Health Statistics. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Kazakhstan KZ: Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death: 1 in: Rate Varies by Country data was reported at 3,000.000 NA in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,800.000 NA for 2014. Kazakhstan KZ: Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death: 1 in: Rate Varies by Country data is updated yearly, averaging 940.000 NA from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,000.000 NA in 2015 and a record low of 410.000 NA in 1990. Kazakhstan KZ: Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death: 1 in: Rate Varies by Country data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.World Bank: Health Statistics. Life time risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15-year-old female will die eventually from a maternal cause assuming that current levels of fertility and mortality (including maternal mortality) do not change in the future, taking into account competing causes of death.; ; WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2015. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2015; Weighted average;