860 (People per square kilometer) in 2011. Notes: a. Includes estimated population of Paomata, Mao Maram and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati District of Manipur for 2001. b. For working out the density of India and Jammu & Kashmir the entire area and population of those portions of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occupation of Pakistan and China have not been taken into account. c. India figures include estimated figures for those of the three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur as population census 2001 in these three subdivisions were cancelled due to technical and administrative reasons although a population census was carried out in this sub-division as per schedule.

As of 2019, the south Indian state of Kerala had the highest density of doctors of about ** per ten thousand population in the country. However, Jharkhand had the least density of doctors in the country of about **** doctors per ten thousand people in the state.

Abstract

The 52nd round of the National Sample Survey was carried out by the National Sample Survey Office from July 1995 to June 2006 and included the following topics: consumer expenditure and labor participation, utilisation of maternity and child health care services, morbidity and utilisation of medical services, problems of aged persons, and participation in education.

Schedule 25.2 - Participation in Education - is documented here.

Details on educational services received by the household were collected from each sampled household. General demographic information such as age, sex, educational level attained, current enrolment status, etc., were collected from all the household members. But the target group of the schedule was household members age 5-24 years. The questions directed to those who were currently studying included details of the course, level and year of study, type of management of educational institution they were attending, whether the institution was recognised or not, the facilities utilised by them in terms of scholarship, free studentship, etc., and details of private expenditure on education incurred by them. Those currently not attending any educational institution were asked whether they were ever enrolled or not, whether they had completed their education or discontinued midcourse and what were the reasons for dropping out or for non-enrolment.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

• household members 5-24 years old, irrespective of whether they are currently attending any educational institution or not.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified two-stage design was adopted in this round. The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second stage units were the households in both the cases.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units (FSUs):

The list of census villages of the 1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for the selection of first stage units in the rural areas. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 km of a bus route constituted the sampling frame, whereas for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages formed the sampling frame. For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks has been used as the sampling frame.

Stratification:

For the socio-economic surveys of the NSSO, each state or union territory (u.t.) is divided into one or more agro-climatic regions by grouping contiguous districts which are similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts are subdivided for the purpose of region formation on the basis of location of dry areas and the distribution of tribal population in the state. In all, there are 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Allocation of First Stage Units (FSUs):

A sample of 13,000 FSUs (rural & urban combined) was selected as the 'central sample' at the all-India level. The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the central sample for a state/u.t. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The state level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census. Similarly, urban sample size of the state/u.t. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8 as far as possible (otherwise to multiples of 4) in order to allocate them equally in each sub-sample x sub-round combination (2 sub-samples x 4 sub-rounds).

Selection of First-Stage Units:

The sample FSUs in the rural areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability. In the Union Territory of Daman & Diu, the district Diu consists of only two villages. These two were selected for the survey in both the central and the state sample. Sample blocks in the urban areas were also selected circular systematically with equal probability. Sample FSUs of both the rural and urban areas were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples. The only departure from the general procedure of selection of FSUs was made for the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh for which the procedure of cluster sampling was followed. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two independent sub-samples. A cluster, generally of 4 to 6 villages, was formed around each nucleus village.

Selection of Hamlet-Groups/ Sub-Blocks (for 'large' FSUs only):

A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Selection of Households (Second-Stage Units):

In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of the households. For the present enquiry, i.e. survey on education, a sample of 6 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards.Since then, the four successive quinquennial surveys conducted in 32nd, 38th, 43rd and 50th rounds have, more or less, followed an identical approach in the measurement of employment and unemployment. The basic approach in all these four quinquennial surveys have been the collection of data to generate the estimates of employment and unemployment according to the 'usual status' based on a reference period of one year, the 'current weekly status' based on a reference period of one week, and the 'current daily status' based on each day of the previous week. In order to reveal the multi-dimensional aspects of the employment-unemployment situation in India, information on several correlates were also gathered in these surveys. Sets of probing questions on some of these aspects have also been one of the basic features of these surveys.

A Working Group was set up for the purpose of finalising the survey methodology and schedules of enquiry of the 55th round. Considering all the aspects of current data demand and usefulness of the survey results, the Group has suggested a few improvisations, additions and deletions in the content of the schedule of enquiry for the present survey. The major changes made in the schedule for employment and unemployment survey vis-à-vis the previous quinquennial survey are given below:

a) Instead of recording the details for one subsidiary usual economic activity of all the members of the household, the details of two subsidiary usual economic activities pursued for relatively more time were be recorded.

b) Certain probing questions to identify the employment in the unincorporated enterprises (i.e., the proprietary and partnership enterprises other than those covered under Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)) will be asked to the workers according to usual principal as well as subsidiary statuses. This apart, information to identify 'homeworkers' were collected in this round.

c) In addition to the information on the changes undergone in industry and/or occupation of the usually employed persons during last 2 years, provisions were made to record changes in the status of work as well as the establishment of work during the same reference period. In all such cases where changes in any of these would be reported, the previous position obtaining for the person in that regard were ascertained.

d) Migration particulars of each of the members of the sample household were collected, as was done in the fourth quinquennial survey (NSS 43rd round).

e) Probing questions, framed to get data on participation of persons in specified household chores, were put only to females instead of all persons usually engaged in household chores.

f) The schedules on Employment - Unemployment and Consumer Expenditure are to be canvassed in independent sets of households. Since the monthly per capita expenditure of a household is an important classificatory variable for the study of employment- unemployment, household expenditure on broad groups of items were recorded so as to work out monthly per capita expenditure of the household.

g) A sub-sample of FSUs were repeated in two consecutive sub-rounds. The households selected and surveyed in a sub-round were re-visited in the next sub-round for collection of data on employment and unemployment only. The newly formed households, if found, during the second visit to the FSU constituted second-stage stratum 9 and a sample of households were selected from them for canvassing Schedule 10 (and not Schedule 10.1).

h) All the items of information contained in Schedule 10 were not be collected in the second visit. A separate Schedule 10.1 was designed (retaining few blocks of Schedule 10) and used for data collection in the second visit. It is important to note that for the items retained in Schedule 10.1, the reference of block, item or column (i.e., block no., item no. and column no.) were the same as those of Schedule 10 meant for first visit, unless otherwise specifically mentioned. the same concepts, definitions and procedures were followed for collection of data in the second visit.

Work Programme: The survey period of one year was divided into four sub-rounds of three months duration each as below.

sub-round period of survey

1 July-September, 1999 2 October- December, 1999 3 January-March, 2000 4 April-June, 2000

Equal number of sample fsu's were allotted for survey in each of these four sub-rounds. Each fsu was surveyed during the sub-round period to which it was allotted. Within a particular sub-round, efforts were made to spread out the field work of various fsu's uniformly over different weeks/months to the extent possible..Fifty per cent of the sample fsu's of each sub-round were be revisitd again (only for the central sample) in the subsequent sub-round and collected employment-unemployment details from the sample households who were visited during the previous sub-round. In such cases efforts were made to revisit the fsu just after 3 months.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of a bus route & (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands remaining inaccessible throughout the year. All the villages of the country, uninhabited according to 1991 census, were also left out of the survey coverage of the NSS 55th round.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

One salient feature of the 55th round is that the rotation sampling scheme has been adopted for the first time in the NSS (central sample only) for the purpose of collection of employment-unemployment data. Under this scheme, 50 per cent of the sample first stage units (fsu's) of each sub-round will be revisited in the subsequent sub-round. From each such fsu, sample households visited in the previous sub-round for collecting data on employment-unemployment will be revisited in the subsequent sub-round for collecting employment-unemployment details. In addition, for the purpose of collecting employment-unemployment data, a thin sample of 2 households will be selected during the revisit from the frame of newly formed households in the fsu. It may be noted that the above scheme of rotation sampling scheme for collecting employment-unemployment data will be followed only for the fsu's belonging to the central sample. For state samples, the fsu's are to be visited only once as they appear in the sample list for canvassing various schedules in the selected households/enterprises.

Sampling frame for first stage units:

The frame used for selection of first stage units in the rural sector was the 1991 census list of villages for all the four sub-rounds for 8 states/u.t.s viz. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Chandigarh. However for Agra district of U.P. and the three districts, viz.Durg, Sagar, and Morena of M.P., samples were drawn using 1981 census list of villages. For Jammu & Kashmir samples for all the 4 sub-rounds were drawn using the 1981 census list as the 1991 census was not conducted in the st ate. For the remaining 23 states/u.t.s, the frame was 1991 census list for sub-rounds 2 to 4 and 1981 census list for sub-round 1 as the 1991 census list was not available for use at the time of drawing the samples. As usual, for Nagaland the list of villages within 5 kms. of the bus route and for Andaman and Nicobar Islands the list of accessible villages constituted the frame. In the case of urban sector the frame consisted of the UFS blocks and, for some newly declared towns where these were not available, the 1991 census enumeration blocks were used.

Region formation and stratification: States were divided into regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and cropping pattern. In rural sector each district was treated a separate stratum if the population was below 2 million and where it exceeded 2 million, it was split into two or more strata. This cut off point of population was taken as 1.8 million ( in place of 2 million ) for the purpose of stratification for districts for which the 1981 census frame wa s used. In the urban sector, strata were formed, within each NSS region on the basis of population size class of towns. However for towns with population of 4 lakhs or more the urban blocks were divided into two classes viz. one consisting of blocks inhabited by affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Selection of first stage units :

Selection of sample villages was done circular systematically with probability proportional to population and sample blocks circular system-atically with equal probability. Both the sample villages and the sample blocks were selected in the form of two or more independent