Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Calcutta, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Census: Population: City: Kolkata data was reported at 4,496.694 Person th in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13,217.000 Person th for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: City: Kolkata data is updated decadal, averaging 829.000 Person th from Mar 1991 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,102.000 Person th in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 677.350 Person th in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: City: Kolkata data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAB004: Census: Population: by Selected Cities.

Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata data was reported at 14,112,536.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,205,697.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata data is updated decadal, averaging 5,342,927.500 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,112,536.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 1,520,721.000 Person in 03-01-1901. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC037: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: West Bengal.

In 2015, the population of Kolkata amounted to more than 21 million inhabitants, showing an increase of approximately 2.8 million inhabitants compared to the year 2000. The population density across the country stood at around 7.6 thousand people per square kilometer in 2015.

Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Male data was reported at 7,319,682.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,064,138.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 3,271,172.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,319,682.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 951,485.000 Person in 03-01-1901. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC037: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: West Bengal.

Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Female data was reported at 6,792,854.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,141,559.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Female data is updated decadal, averaging 2,071,755.500 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,792,854.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 542,405.000 Person in 03-01-1901. Census: Population: West Bengal: Kolkata: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC037: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: West Bengal.

Delhi was the largest city in terms of number of inhabitants in India in 2023.The capital city was estimated to house nearly 33 million people, with Mumbai ranking second that year. India's population estimate was 1.4 billion, ahead of China that same year.

The population in New Delhi was approximately 28.5 million, the most among the leading Indian cities in 2019. Mumbai and Kolkata rounded up the three most populated cities across the country that year.

Abstract

The National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) programme, initiated in the early 1990s, has emerged as a nationally important source of data on population, health, and nutrition for India and its states. The 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), the third in the series of these national surveys, was preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 and NFHS-2 in 1998-99. Like NFHS-1 and NFHS-2, NFHS-3 was designed to provide estimates of important indicators on family welfare, maternal and child health, and nutrition. In addition, NFHS-3 provides information on several new and emerging issues, including family life education, safe injections, perinatal mortality, adolescent reproductive health, high-risk sexual behaviour, tuberculosis, and malaria. Further, unlike the earlier surveys in which only ever-married women age 15-49 were eligible for individual interviews, NFHS-3 interviewed all women age 15-49 and all men age 15-54. Information on nutritional status, including the prevalence of anaemia, is provided in NFHS3 for women age 15-49, men age 15-54, and young children.

A special feature of NFHS-3 is the inclusion of testing of the adult population for HIV. NFHS-3 is the first nationwide community-based survey in India to provide an estimate of HIV prevalence in the general population. Specifically, NFHS-3 provides estimates of HIV prevalence among women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 for all of India, and separately for Uttar Pradesh and for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu, five out of the six states classified by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) as high HIV prevalence states. No estimate of HIV prevalence is being provided for Nagaland, the sixth high HIV prevalence state, due to strong local opposition to the collection of blood samples.

NFHS-3 covered all 29 states in India, which comprise more than 99 percent of India's population. NFHS-3 is designed to provide estimates of key indicators for India as a whole and, with the exception of HIV prevalence, for all 29 states by urban-rural residence. Additionally, NFHS-3 provides estimates for the slum and non-slum populations of eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur. NFHS-3 was conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, and is the result of the collaborative efforts of a large number of organizations. The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, was designated by MOHFW as the nodal agency for the project. Funding for NFHS-3 was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, UNFPA, and MOHFW. Macro International, USA, provided technical assistance at all stages of the NFHS-3 project. NACO and the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) provided technical assistance for the HIV component of NFHS-3. Eighteen Research Organizations, including six Population Research Centres, shouldered the responsibility of conducting the survey in the different states of India and producing electronic data files.

The survey used a uniform sample design, questionnaires (translated into 18 Indian languages), field procedures, and procedures for biomarker measurements throughout the country to facilitate comparability across the states and to ensure the highest possible data quality. The contents of the questionnaires were decided through an extensive collaborative process in early 2005. Based on provisional data, two national-level fact sheets and 29 state fact sheets that provide estimates of more than 50 key indicators of population, health, family welfare, and nutrition have already been released. The basic objective of releasing fact sheets within a very short period after the completion of data collection was to provide immediate feedback to planners and programme managers on key process indicators.

Geographic coverage

• National (29 states )
• Regional (for HIV Prevalence : Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Tamil Nadu)
• Local (population and health indicators for slum and non-slum populations for eight cities, namely Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur)

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Universe

The population covered by the 2005 DHS is defined as the universe of all ever-married women age 15-49, NFHS-3 included never married women age 15-49 and both ever-married and never married men age 15-54 as eligible respondents.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE SIZE

Since a large number of the key indicators to be estimated from NFHS-3 refer to ever-married women in the reproductive ages of 15-49, the target sample size for each state in NFHS-3 was estimated in terms of the number of ever-married women in the reproductive ages to be interviewed.

The initial target sample size was 4,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population of more than 30 million, 3,000 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a 2001 population between 5 and 30 million, and 1,500 completed interviews with ever-married women in states with a population of less than 5 million. In addition, because of sample-size adjustments required to meet the need for HIV prevalence estimates for the high HIV prevalence states and Uttar Pradesh and for slum and non-slum estimates in eight selected cities, the sample size in some states was higher than that fixed by the above criteria. The target sample was increased for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh to permit the calculation of reliable HIV prevalence estimates for each of these states. The sample size in Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal was increased to allow separate estimates for slum and non-slum populations in the cities of Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Mumbai, Meerut, and Nagpur.

The target sample size for HIV tests was estimated on the basis of the assumed HIV prevalence rate, the design effect of the sample, and the acceptable level of precision. With an assumed level of HIV prevalence of 1.25 percent and a 15 percent relative standard error, the estimated sample size was 6,400 HIV tests each for men and women in each of the high HIV prevalence states. At the national level, the assumed level of HIV prevalence of less than 1 percent (0.92 percent) and less than a 5 percent relative standard error yielded a target of 125,000 HIV tests at the national level.

Blood was collected for HIV testing from all consenting ever-married and never married women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in all sample households in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. All women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 in the sample households were eligible for interviewing in all of these states plus Nagaland. In the remaining 22 states, all ever-married and never married women age 15-49 in sample households were eligible to be interviewed. In those 22 states, men age 15-54 were eligible to be interviewed in only a subsample of households. HIV tests for women and men were carried out in only a subsample of the households that were selected for men's interviews in those 22 states. The reason for this sample design is that the required number of HIV tests is determined by the need to calculate HIV prevalence at the national level and for some states, whereas the number of individual interviews is determined by the need to provide state level estimates for attitudinal and behavioural indicators in every state. For statistical reasons, it is not possible to estimate HIV prevalence in every state from NFHS-3 as the number of tests required for estimating HIV prevalence reliably in low HIV prevalence states would have been very large.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The urban and rural samples within each state were drawn separately and, to the extent possible, unless oversampling was required to permit separate estimates for urban slum and non-slum areas, the sample within each state was allocated proportionally to the size of the state's urban and rural populations. A uniform sample design was adopted in all states. In each state, the rural sample was selected in two stages, with the selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), which are villages, with probability proportional to population size (PPS) at the first stage, followed by the random selection of households within each PSU in the second stage. In urban areas, a three-stage procedure was followed. In the first stage, wards were selected with PPS sampling. In the next stage, one census enumeration block (CEB) was randomly selected from each sample ward. In the final stage, households were randomly selected within each selected CEB.

SAMPLE SELECTION IN RURAL AREAS

In rural areas, the 2001 Census list of villages served as the sampling frame. The list was stratified by a number of variables. The first level of stratification was geographic, with districts being subdivided into contiguous regions. Within each of these regions, villages were further stratified using selected variables from the following list: village size, percentage of males working in the nonagricultural sector, percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes, and female literacy. In addition to these variables, an external estimate of HIV prevalence, i.e., 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low', as estimated for all the districts in high HIV prevalence states, was used for stratification in high HIV prevalence states. Female literacy was used for implicit stratification (i.e., villages were

In 2024, the population of Bengaluru was estimated to be 14 million, an increase of about two percent from the previous year's estimates. The southern Indian city, capital of Karnataka, is the 4th most populous in the country, after Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.

Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal data was reported at 9.100 NA in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.600 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal data is updated yearly, averaging 11.000 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.700 NA in 2001 and a record low of 9.100 NA in 2020. Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH004: Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: by States.

In 2022, the city of Kolkata in the eastern part of India had over one million registered two-wheelers. In that year the total number of registered vehicles across the city was over 2.1 million vehicles. There was a considerable rise in the passenger vehicle segment that year.

Note: Number and per cent of population (in parenthesis) are shown for the dichotomous variables and mean and standard deviation (in parenthesis) are shown for the continuous variables (distances).*The odds ratio for the cited variable, adjusted for all other variables in the table, in a model using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with the logit link function.

Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal: Rural data was reported at 5.300 NA in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.200 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 6.200 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.700 NA in 1998 and a record low of 5.200 NA in 2019. Vital Statistics: Death Rate: per 1000 Population: West Bengal: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH003: Vital Statistics: Death Rate: by States.

The estimated per capita income across the eastern state of West Bengal in India stood at around 154 thousand Indian rupees in the financial year 2024. There was a consistent increase in the income per capita in the state since the financial year 2012 till 2020. Sikkim recorded the highest per capita income the country.

Average daily water intake in India varies by age group, with those over 30 typically consuming the most. In FY 2022, adults aged 30 to 44 years old consumed 2.26 liters of water per day. In comparison, those aged 19 years and below consumed just 1.97 liters per day on average. Up to 60 percent of the human body is made up of water, with the amount changing slightly due to factors such as age, sex, and hydration levels. The recommended amount of water intake to stay hydrated is at least two liters every day. Most hydrated city in India Like age groups, water consumption also varies greatly by city. Of India’s major metropolises, Kolkata had the highest average water intake per person in 2021, at 2.31 liters per day. Although most of India's major cities had an average per person water intake of more than two liters per day in 2021, Indore and Chandigarh had an average intake slightly below the recommended levels.Improving drinking water access in India As part of the Clean Water and Sanitation Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), India aims to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030. The share of India's rural population with access to safe drinking water within premises via Pipe Water Supply (PWS) has increased considerably in recent years, rising from less than 40 percent in FY 2016 to more than 60 percent in FY 2022.

Number of Students: West Bengal: Colleges data was reported at 1,795,258.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,679,228.000 Person for 2020. Number of Students: West Bengal: Colleges data is updated yearly, averaging 1,554,327.000 Person from Sep 2010 (Median) to 2021, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,795,258.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 609,140.000 Person in 2010. Number of Students: West Bengal: Colleges data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDD005: Number of Students: Colleges.

Number of Students: West Bengal: Secondary School data was reported at 4,396,046.000 Person in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,227,717.000 Person for 2014. Number of Students: West Bengal: Secondary School data is updated yearly, averaging 2,753,164.000 Person from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2015, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,396,046.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 1,964,505.000 Person in 2001. Number of Students: West Bengal: Secondary School data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDC004: Number of Students: Secondary School.

As per the results of a large scale survey conducted across India in 2019, the city of Kolkata had the highest share of respondents who reported acidity and indigestion problems. Whereas, only 21 percent of respondents from Surat had gut related problems in that year.