Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is among the important sources of data to assess the participation of the population in the economic and social development process of the country. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic wellbeing of the population.

The general objective of the 2013 National Labor Force Survey was designed to provide statistical data on the size, distribution and characteristics of the economically active and the distribution in the various sectors of the economy in both urban and rural areas. The data will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutions and individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development plans, programs and projects. The specific objectives of this survey are: • Generate data on the size of the potential work force that is available to participate in production process; • Determine the activity status and rate of economic participation of different sub-groups of the population; • Identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (i.e., employed) and those who are out of the sphere of productive activities; • Identify the size, distribution and characteristics of employed population by occupation and Industry, status in employment, sector of employment and earnings from employment...etc. • Provide data on the size, distribution and characteristics of unemployed population and rate of unemployment; • Assess the situation of women's employment or the participation of women in the labour force; • Provide time series data to trace changes over time.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered all rural and urban parts of the country except the non-sedentary areas of six zones of Somali region.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals (household members aged 5 years and above)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Frequency of data collection

Every five years

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame The list of Sampling Frame obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census is used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame for selecting sample households of each EAs.

Sample Design For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into three broad categories, rural (Category I), major urban center (Category II) and other urban center categories (Category III).

Sample Size and Selection Scheme Category I: Totally 842 EAs and 25260 households were selected from this category. Sample EAs of each reporting level was selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) systematic sampling technique; size being number of household obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey 30 households per EA were systematically selected and surveyed. For the distribution of planned and covered number of samples from each domain see

Category II: In this category 817 EAs and 24510 households were selected. Sample EAs from each reporting level in this category were also selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) systematic sampling; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census is used to select EAs. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey 30 households per EA were systematically selected and covered by the study. The table below (Summary Table 2.2) shows planned and covered EAs and households in each domain.

Category III: 127 urban centers, 296 EAs and 8,880 households were selected in this category. Urban centers from each domain and EAs from each urban center were selected using probability proportional to size systematic selection method; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census is used to select EAs. From the fresh listing of each EA 30 households were systematically selected and the study carried out on the 30 households ultimately selected. Summary Table 2.3 below shows the number of planned and sampled EAs and households by domain.

For details on sampling design, see: Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency. Analytica Report on The 2013 National Labour Force Survey

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey is mainly aimed at providing information on the economic characteristics of the population aged 10 years and above, i.e., their activity status, employment, and unemployment situation during the last seven days prior to the survey date. It has also covered detailed socio-demographic background variables such as age, sex, relationship to the head of household, migration, disability, literacy status, educational level, training and marital status. The survey has used a structured questionnaire to produce the required data. Before taking its final shape, the draft questionnaire was commented by CSA senior staff member from different directorate as well as top management. Based on the comment given by professionals, the content, layout and presentation of the questionnaire were amended.

The questionnaire was organized in to six sections; Section 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section dealt with area identification of the respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc. Section 2: Socio- demographic characteristics of households: it consisted of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, education, status and type of migration, disability, literacy status, educational Attainment, types of training and marital status. Section 3: Economic activities during the last seven days: this section dealt with a range of questions which helps to see the status and characteristics of employed persons in a current status approach such as hours of work in productive activities, occupation, industry, status in employment, earnings from employment, job mobility, service year for paid employees employment in the formal and informal sector and time related under employment. Section 4: Unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons: this section focused on the size, rate and characteristics of the unemployed population. Section 5: Economic activities during the last twelve months: this section consists of the usual economic activity status refereeing to the long reference period i.e. engaged in productive activities during most of the last twelve months, reason for not being active, status in employment, main occupation and industry with two digit codes. Section 6: Economic activities of children aged 5-17 years: this section comprises information on the participation of children aged 5-17 years in the economic activities, whether attending education, reason for not attending education, whether they were working during the last seven days, reason for working, for whom they are working, types of injury at work place, whether using protective wear while working and frequency of working periods, and orphan hood status.

The questionnaire used in the field for data collection was prepared in Amharic language. Most questions have pre-coded answers. A copy of the questionnaire translated to English is attached as an external resource.

Cleaning operations

The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry by the subject matter experts.

Using the computer edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on frequency and tabulation results. This was done by senior programmers using CSPro software in collaboration with the senior subject experts from Labour Statistics Team of the CSA.

Response rate

• For the rural domains, the response rate was 99.60%
• For the major urban centers domains, the response rate was 99.51%
• For the other urban centers domains, the response rate was 99.62%

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Yearly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

The Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (ESS) is a collaborative project between the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia and the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study- Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) team. The objective of the LSMS-ISA is to collect multi-topic panel household level data with a special focus on improving agriculture statistics and the link between agriculture and other sectors of the economy. The project also aims to build capacity, share knowledge across countries, and improve survey methodologies and technology.

The specific objectives of the ESS are:

• Development of an innovative model for collecting agricultural data in conjunction with household data;
• Strengthening the capacity to generate a sustainable system for producing accurate and timely information on agricultural households in Ethiopia;
• Development of a model of inter-institutional collaboration between the CSA and relevant federal and local government agencies as well as national and international research and development partners; and
• Comprehensive analysis of household income, well-being, and socio-economic characteristics of households in rural areas and small towns.

The ESS contains several innovative features:

• Integration of household welfare data with agricultural data;
• Creation of a panel data set that can be used to study welfare dynamics, the role of agriculture in development and the changes over time in health, education and labor activities, inter alia;.
• Collection of information on the network of buyers and sellers of goods with which the household interacts;
• Expanding the use of GPS units for measuring agricultural land areas;
• Involvement of multiple actors in government, academia and the donor community in the development of the survey and its contents as well as its implementation and analysis;
• Creation of publicly available micro data sets for researchers and policy makers;

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

ESS is designed to collect panel data in rural and urban areas on a range of household and community level characteristics linked to agricultural activities. The first wave was implemented in 2011-12 and the second wave is implemented in 2013-14. The first wave, ERSS, covered only rural and small town areas. The second wave, ESS, added samples from large town areas. The second wave is nationally representative. The existing panel data (2011/12-2013/14) is only for rural and small towns. Large towns were added during the second wave and, so far, there is only one round. The planned follow-up ESS surveys will continue to be nationally representative. The ESS sample size provides estimates at the national level for rural and small town households. At the regional level, it provides estimates for five regions including Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromiya, SNNP, and Tigray.

The sample is a two-stage probability sample. The first stage of sampling entailed selecting primary sampling units, which are a sample of the CSA enumeration areas (EAs). A total of 433 EAs were selected based on probability proportional to size of the total EAs in each region. For the rural sample, 290 EAs were selected from the AgSS EAs. For small town EAs, a total of 43 EAs and for large towns 100 EAs were selected. In order to ensure sufficient sample in the most populous regions (Amhara, Oromiya, SNNP, and Tigray) and Addis Ababa, quotas were set for the number of EAs in each region. The sample is not representative for each of the small regions including Afar, Benshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa, Gambella, Harari, and Somalie regions. However, estimates can be produced for a combination of all smaller regions as one "other region" category.

During the second wave 100 urban EAs were added. The addition also included one more region to the sample, Addis Ababa. In each EA 15 households were selected. The addition of urban EAs increased the sample size from 333 to 433 EAs or from about 3,969 to 5,469 households.

The second stage of sampling was the selection of households to be interviewed in each EA. For rural EAs, a total of 12 households are sampled in each EA. Of these, 10 households were randomly selected from the sample of 30 AgSS households. The AgSS households are households which are involved in farming or livestock activities. Another 2 households were randomly selected from all other non-agricultural households in the selected rural EA (those not involved in agriculture or livestock). In some EAs, there is only one or no such households, in which case, less than two non-agricultural households were surveyed and more agricultural households were interviewed instead so that the total number of households per EA remains the same.

In the small town EAs, 12 households are selected randomly from the listing of each EA, with no stratification as to whether the household is engaged in agriculture/livestock. The same procedure is followed in the large town EAs. However, 15 households were selected in each large town EA.

Households were not selected using replacement. Thus, the final number of household interviewed was slightly less than the 5,469 as planned in the design. A total of 3,776 panel households and 1,486 new households (total 5,262 households) were interviewed with a response rate of 96.2 percent.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

The interviews were carried out using paper and pen interviewing method. However, a concurrent data entry arrangement was introduced in this wave. In this arrangement, the enumerators did not wait until all the interviews were completed. Rather, once the enumerators completed some 3 to 4 questionnaires, the supervisors collected those completed interviews from the enumerators and brought them to the branch offices for data entry, while the enumerators are still conducting interviews with other households. Then questionnaires are keyed at the branch offices as soon as they are completed using CSPro data entry application software. The data from the completed questionnaires are then checked for any interview or data entry errors using a stata program. Data entry errors are checked with the data entry clerks and the interview errors are then sent to back to the field for correction and feedback to the ongoing interviews. Several rounds of this process were undertaken until the final data files are produced. In addition, after the fieldwork was completed the paper questionnaires were sent to the CSA headquarters in Addis Ababa for further checking. Additional cleaning was carried out, as needed, by checking the hard copies.

Response rate

Response rate was 96.2 percent.

Ethiopia ET: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data was reported at 6.305 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.328 % for 2016. Ethiopia ET: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data is updated yearly, averaging 6.132 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.351 % in 2013 and a record low of 4.752 % in 1965. Ethiopia ET: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population: Old data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average;

Ethiopia ET: Proportion of Time Spent on Unpaid Domestic and Care Work: Male: % of 24 Hour Day data was reported at 8.680 % in 2013. Ethiopia ET: Proportion of Time Spent on Unpaid Domestic and Care Work: Male: % of 24 Hour Day data is updated yearly, averaging 8.680 % from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2013, with 1 observations. Ethiopia ET: Proportion of Time Spent on Unpaid Domestic and Care Work: Male: % of 24 Hour Day data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Health Statistics. The average time men spend on household provision of services for own consumption. Data are expressed as a proportion of time in a day. Domestic and care work includes food preparation, dishwashing, cleaning and upkeep of a dwelling, laundry, ironing, gardening, caring for pets, shopping, installation, servicing and repair of personal and household goods, childcare, and care of the sick, elderly or disabled household members, among others.; ; National statistical offices or national database and publications compiled by United Nations Statistics Division; ;

This statistic shows the share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) in Ethiopia from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, the share of agriculture in Ethiopia's gross domestic product was 35.79 percent, industry contributed approximately 24.48 percent and the services sector contributed about 36.98 percent.