EarthExplorerUse the USGS EarthExplorer (EE) to search, download, and order satellite images, aerial photographs, and cartographic products. In addition to data from the Landsat missions and a variety of other data providers, EE provides access to MODIS land data products from the NASA Terra and Aqua missions, and ASTER level-1B data products over the U.S. and Territories from the NASA ASTER mission. Registered users of EE have access to more features than guest users.Earth Explorer Distribution DownloadThe EarthExplorer user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EarthExplorer supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote sensing inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities. Through the interface, users can identify search areas, datasets, and display metadata, browse and integrated visual services within the interface.The distributable version of EarthExplorer provides the basic software to provide this functionality. Users are responsible for verification of system recommendations for hosting the application on your own servers. By default, this version of our code is not hooked up to a data source so you will have to integrate the interface with your data. Integration options include service-based API's, databases, and anything else that stores data. To integrate with a data source simply replace the contents of the 'getDataset' and 'search' functions in the CWIC.php file.Distribution is being provided due to users requests for the codebase. The EarthExplorer source code is provided "As Is", without a warranty or support of any kind. The software is in the public domain; it is available to any government or private institution.The software code base is managed through the USGS Configuration Management Board. The software is managed through an automated configuration management tool that updates the code base when new major releases have been thoroughly reviewed and tested.Link: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

This collection, accessible via the United States Geological Survey (USGS) EarthExplorer platform, contains worldwide Landsat-8 and 9 Collection 2 data since the beginning of the two missions. Collection 2 is the result of reprocessing efforts on the archive and on fresh products with significant improvement with respect to Collection 1 in terms of data quality, obtained by means of advancements in data processing algorithm development. The primary characteristic is a relevant improvement in the absolute geolocation accuracy (now re-baselined to the European Space Agency Copernicus Sentinel-2 Global Reference Image, GRI) but includes also updated digital elevation modelling sources, improved Radiometric Calibration (even correction for the TIRS striping effect), enhanced Quality Assessment Bands, updated and consistent metadata files, and usage of Cloud Optimised Georeferenced (COG) Tagged Image File Format. Landsat-8 and 9 Level 1 products combine data from the two Landsat instruments, OLI and TIRS. The Level 1 products generated can be either L1TP or L1GT: L1TP - Level 1 Precision Terrain (Corrected) (L1T) products: Radiometrically calibrated and orthorectified using ground control points (GCPs) and digital elevation model (DEM) data to correct for relief displacement. The highest quality Level 1 products suitable for pixel-level time series analysis. GCPs used for L1TP correction are derived from the Global Land Survey 2000 (GLS2000) dataset. L1GT - Level 1 Systematic Terrain (Corrected) (L1GT) products: L1GT data products consist of L0 product data with systematic radiometric, geometric and terrain corrections applied and resampled for registration to a cartographic projection, referenced to the WGS84, G873, or current version. Three different classes of Level 1 products are available: Real Time (RT): Newly acquired Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS data are processed upon downlink but use an initial TIRS line-of-sight model parameters; the data are made available in less than 12 hours (4-6 hours typically). Once the data have been reprocessed with the refined TIRS parameters, the products are transitioned to either Tier 1 or Tier 2 and removed from the Real-Time tier (in 14-16 days). Landsat-8 only. Tier 1 (T1): Landsat scenes with the highest available data quality are placed into Tier 1 and are considered suitable for time-series analysis. Tier 1 includes Level 1 Precision and Terrain (L1TP) corrected data that have well-characterised radiometry and are inter-calibrated across the different Landsat instruments. The georegistration of Tier 1 scenes is consistent and within prescribed image-to-image tolerances of ≦ 12-metre radial root mean square error (RMSE). Tier 2 (T2): Landsat scenes not meeting Tier 1 criteria during processing are assigned to Tier 2. Tier 2 scenes adhere to the same radiometric standard as Tier 1 scenes, but do not meet the Tier 1 geometry specification due to less accurate orbital information (specific to older Landsat sensors), significant cloud cover, insufficient ground control, or other factors. This includes Systematic Terrain (L1GT) and Systematic (L1GS) processed data. Landsat-8 and 9 Level 2 products are generated from L1GT and L1TP Level 1 products that meet the <76 degrees Solar Zenith Angle constraint and include the required auxiliary data inputs to generate a scientifically viable product. The data are available a couple of days after the Level 1 T1/T2. The Level 2 products generated can be L2SP or L2SR: L2SP - Level 2 Science Products: include Surface Reflectance (SR), Surface Temperature (ST), ST intermediate bands, an angle coefficients file, and Quality Assessment (QA) Bands. L2SR - Level 2 Surface Reflectance: include Surface Reflectance (SR), an angle coefficients file, and Quality Assessment (QA) Bands; it is generated if ST could not be generated. Landsat-8 and 9 Level 3 science products represent biophysical properties of Earth's surface and are generated either from Landsat U.S. Analysis Ready Data inputs (tile-based products) or from Landsat Level 2 scene-based inputs (scene-based products). The following Level 3 products are available: Dynamic Surface Water Extent products: Describes the existence and condition of surface water. Tile-based. Fractional Snow Covered Area products: Indicates the percentage of a pixel covered by snow. Tile-based. Burned Area products: Represents per pixel burn classification and burn probability. Tile-based. Provisional Actual Evapotranspiration products: The quantity of water that is removed from a surface due to the processes of evaporation and transpiration. Scene-based.

Translation from x,y coordinates to latitude and longitude for the "Landsat Satellite Surface Temperature v3" dataset. cdm_data_type=Grid comment=Attribute Accuracy Report: Satellite-derived orthorectified brightness temperature was measured within 0.1 degrees C for Landsat 8, 0.6 degrees C for Landsat 7, and 0.5 degrees C for Landsat 5. Satellite measurements were compared to in situ (buoy) surface temperatures from 2003 to 2019, and the bias between the RI DEM buoy temperatures and the satellite temperatures at the pixel of the buoys was removed from each satellite pixel. See https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-surface-reflectance?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qt-science_support_page_related_con for more information. Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultGraphQuery=Longitude[0:last][0:last][last]&.draw=surface&.vars=X|Y|Longitude history=Converted from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 Surface Reflectance geotiff products to netCDF. The units were changed from K to degrees C and the average bias determined through RI DEM buoy comparison in Narragansett Bay (2003-2019) to each satellite was removed from all scenes from the corresponding satellite. The errors were determined by using a K-fold cross-validation to minimize error at each satellite pixel. The scenes were also cloud masked, land masked, and stripes in Landsat 7 imagery (due to sensor failure) were masked as well. A buoy comparison was only conducted within Narragansett Bay for Landsat scenes with less than 50% cloud cover, and applied to available scenes back to 1984 for Landsat 5, 1999 for Landsat 7, and 2013 for Landsat 8. As a result, data uncertainties are unknown outside of the Narragansett Bay region, for scenes with greater cloud cover, and scenes before 2003. infoUrl=https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ accessed through https://code.earthengine.google.com/ institution=Rhode Island Data Discovery/United States Geological Survey publication=https://doi.org/10.26300/ja0b-xa86 references=Rhode Island Data Discovery/United States Geological Survey source=https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ accessed through https://code.earthengine.google.com/ sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of February 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. This web application highlights some of the capabilities for accessing Landsat imagery layers, powered by ArcGIS for Server, accessing Landsat Public Datasets running on the Amazon Web Services Cloud. The layers are updated with new Landsat images on a daily basis. Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.Quick access to the following band combinations and indices is provided: Agriculture : Highlights agriculture in bright green; Bands 6, 5, 2Natural Color : Sharpened with 15m panchromatic band; Bands 4, 3, 2 +8Color Infrared : Healthy vegetation is bright red; Bands 5, 4 ,3 SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) : Highlights rock formations; Bands 7, 6, 4Geology : Highlights geologic features; Bands 7, 6, 2Bathymetric : Highlights underwater features; Bands 4, 3, 1Panchromatic : Panchromatic images at 15m; Band 8Vegetation Index : Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI); (Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4)Moisture Index : Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); (Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)SAVI : Soil Adjusted Veg. Index); Offset + Scale*(1.5*(Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5))Water Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 3 - Band 6)/(Band 3 + Band 6)Burn Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 7)/(Band 5 + Band 7)Urban Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)Optionally, you can also choose the "Custom Bands" or "Custom Index" option to create your own band combinations The Time tool enables access to a temporal time slider and a temporal profile of different indices for a selected point. The Time tool is only accessible at larger zoom scales. It provides temporal profiles for NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and Urban Index. The Identify tool enables access to information on the images, and can also provide a spectral profile for a selected point. The Stories tool will direct you to pre-selected interesting locations. The application is written using Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS accessing imagery layers using ArcGIS API for JavaScript. The following Imagery Layers are being accessed : Multispectral Landsat - Provides access to 30m 8-band multispectral imagery and a range of functions that provide different band combinations and indices.Pansharpened Landsat - Provides access to 15m 4-band (Red, Green, Blue and NIR) panchromatic-sharpened imagery.Panchromatic Landsat - Provides access to 15m panchromatic imagery. These imagery layers can be accessed through the public group Landsat Community on ArcGIS Online.

Translation from x,y coordinates to latitude and longitude for the "Landsat Satellite Surface Temperature version 2, Narragansett Bay" dataset. cdm_data_type=Grid comment=Attribute Accuracy Report: Satellite-derived orthorectified brightness temperature was measured within 0.1 degrees C for Landsat 8, 0.6 degrees C for Landsat 7, and 0.5 degrees C for Landsat 5. Satellite measurements were compared to in situ (buoy) surface temperatures from 2003 to 2022, and the mean bias between the RI DEM buoy temperatures and the satellite temperatures at the pixel of the buoys was added to or subtrcted from all scenes by satellite. The standard deviation between the buoys and the satellite after adding the bias is 1.9 degrees C for Landsat 5, 1.9 degrees C for Landsat 7 and 1.3 degrees C for Landsat 8. The standard deviation is considered the uncertainty of the satellite measurements. See https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-surface-reflectance?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qt-science_support_page_related_con for more information. Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultGraphQuery=Longitude[0:last][0:last][last]&.draw=surface&.vars=X|Y|Longitude history=Converted from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 Surface Reflectance geotiff products to netCDF. The units were changed from K to degrees C and the average bias determined through RI DEM buoy comparison in Narragansett Bay (2003-2022) to each satellite was added to or subtracted from all scenes from the corresponding satellite. For Landsat 5, 0.45 degrees C was subtracted from all scenes; similarly 1.094 was subtracted for Landsat 7, and 0.178 was added for Landsat 8. The errors were determined by averaging the five closest temporal buoy readings for each satellite image capture and spatially averaging buoy locations within a 200-square-meter zone. The scenes were also cloud masked, land masked, and stripes in Landsat 7 imagery (due to sensor failure) were masked as well. A buoy comparison was only conducted within Narragansett Bay for Landsat scenes with less than 50% cloud cover, and applied to available scenes back to 1984 for Landsat 5, 1999 for Landsat 7, and 2013 for Landsat 8. As a result, data uncertainties are unknown outside of the Narragansett Bay region, for scenes with greater cloud cover, and scenes before 2003. infoUrl=https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ accessed through https://code.earthengine.google.com/ institution=Rhode Island Data Discovery/United States Geological Survey publication=https://doi.org/10.26300/ja0b-xa86 references=Rhode Island Data Discovery/United States Geological Survey source=https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ accessed through https://code.earthengine.google.com/ sourceUrl=(local files) standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v55

Data collection was carried out through the acquisition of images from the Landsat 8 satellite obtained from the Earth Explorer platform, from the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2023). The images were obtained for the years 2013, 2018 and 2023, for the purpose of evaluating the temporal evolution of vegetation and land use and occupation in the study area considering a period of 10 years. One image was selected for each year, corresponding to the dry period, totaling three images. As pointed out by Pereira et al., (2020), precipitation can influence responses to vegetation indices. Therefore, the choice to analyze images from the same period aims to eliminate interpretations of changes in indices due to different climatic conditions.

About the dataJointly managed by NASA and the USGS, Landsat is the longest running spaceborne earth imaging and observation program in history. The Landsat program began in 1972, with the launch of Landsat 1. Beginning with Landsat 4, the program began providing mission to mission data continuity.Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 science products, imagery from 1982 to present, are made publicly available by the USGS. The continuity in this scientific record allows for critical and reliable observation and analysis of Earth processes and changes over time.The Landsat Level-2 multispectral imagery is available in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World as a dynamic time enabled image service, accessible across the ArcGIS system and used to power this app. For more about the service and the data, see Landsat Level-2.About the appLandsat multispectral imagery helps to track and document land use and land change associated with climate change, urbanization, drought, wildfire, deforestation, and other natural processes and human activity.Through an intuitive user experience, this app leverages a variety of ArcGIS capabilities to explore and begin to unlock the wealth of information that Landsat provides. Some of the key capabilities include:Visual exploration of a Dynamic global mosaic of the best available Landsat scenes.On-the-fly multispectral band combinations and indices for visualization and analysis.Interactive Find a Scene by location, sensor, time, and cloud cover.Visual change by time, and comparison of different renderings, with Swipe and Animation modes.Analysis including threshold masking and temporal profiles for vegetation, water, land surface temperature, and more.

Abstract

This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.

Landsat TM, and ETM+ data are provided in GeoTIFF for Level 1T (terrain corrected) products, or for either Level 1Gt (systematic terrain corrected) or Level 1G (systematic corrected) products, if Level 1T processing is not available. GeoTIFF defines a set of publicly available TIFF tags that describe cartographic and geodetic information associated with TIFF images. GeoTIFF is a format that enables referencing a raster image to a known geodetic model or map projection.

The initial tags are followed by image data that, in turn, may be interrupted by more descriptive tags. By using the GeoTIFF format, both metadata and image data can be encoded into the same file. The Landsat 7 ETM+ GeoTIFF file format is described in detail in the"Landsat 7 ETM+ Level 1 Product Data Format Control Book (DFCB), LSDS-272": http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/LSDS-272.pdf. The Landsat 4-5 TM GeoTIFF file format is described in detail in the "Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Level 1 (L1) Data Format Control Book (DFCB), LS-DFCB-20": http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/LS-DFCB-20.pdf.

For more information on GeoTIFF visit: http://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff

Dataset History

ORGANIZATION

Each band of Landsat data in the GeoTIFF format is delivered as a grayscale, uncompressed, 8-bit string of unsigned integers. A metadata (MTL) file is included with data processed through the Level-1 Product Generation System (LPGS). A file containing the ground control points (GCP) used during image processing is also included. A processing history (WO) file is included with data processed through the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS). Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off products processed after December 11, 2008, will include an additional directory (gap_mask) that contains a set of flat binary scan gap mask files (one per band). (Please note that the processing date and acquisition date are not necessarily the same.)

\* DATA FILE NAMES

The file naming convention for Landsat LPGS-processed GeoTIFF data

is as follows:

LMSppprrrYYYYDOYGSIVV_BN.TIF where:

 L      = Landsat 

 M      = Mission (E for ETM+ data; T for TM data; M for MSS)

 S      = Satellite (7 = Landsat 7, 5 = Landsat 5, 4 = Landsat 4)

 ppp     = starting path of the product

 rrr     = starting and ending rows of the product

 YYYY    = acquisition year

 DOY     = Julian date

 GSI     = Ground Station Identifier 

 VV     = 2 digit version number

 BN     = file type:

   B1     = band 1

   B2     = band 2

   B3     = band 3

   B4     = band 4

   B5     = band 5

   B6_VCID_1 = band 6L (low gain) (ETM+)

   B6_VCID_2 = band 6H (high gain) (ETM+)

   B6     = band 6 (TM and MSS)

   B7     = band 7 

   B8     = band 8 (ETM+)

   MTL    = Level-1 metadata

   GCP    = ground control points

 TIF     = GeoTIFF file extension

The file naming convention for Landsat NLAPS-processed GeoTIFF data

is as follows:

LLNppprrrOOYYDDDMM_AA.TIF where:

 LL     = Landsat sensor (LT for TM data)

 N      = satellite number

 ppp     = starting path of the product

 rrr     = starting row of the product

 OO     = WRS row offset (set to 00)

 YY     = last two digits of the year of 

        acquisition

 DDD     = Julian date of acquisition

 MM     = instrument mode (10 for MSS; 50 for TM)

 AA     = file type:

   B1     = band 1

   B2     = band 2

   B3     = band 3

   B4     = band 4

   B5     = band5

   B6     = band 6

   B7     = band 7

   WO     = processing history file 

 TIF     = GeoTIFF file extension

\* GAP MASKS

All Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off imagery processed on or after December 11, 2008, will include gap mask files. (Please note the difference between acquisition date and processing date, files dates are not necessarily the same.) The gap mask files are bit mask files showing the locations of the image gaps (areas that fall between ETM+ scans). One tarred and gzip-compressed gap mask file is provided for each band in GeoTIFF format. The file naming convention for gap mask files is identical to that described above for LPGS-processed GeoTIFF data, with "_GM" inserted before file type.

If gap mask files are not included with the data, a tutorial for creating them can be found at: http://landsat.usgs.gov/gap_mask_files_are_not_provided_can_I_create_my_own.php

\* README

The README_GTF.TXT (or README.GTF) is an ASCII text file and is this file.

\* READING DATA

Delivered via file transfer protocol (FTP): data files are tarred and g-zip compressed and will need to be unzipped and untarred before the data files can be used. UNIX systems should have the "gunzip" and "tar"

commands available for uncompressing and accessing the data. For PC users, free software can be downloaded from an online source. Otherwise, check your PC, as you may already have appropriate software available.

No software is included on this product for viewing Landsat data.

GENERAL INFORMATION and DOCUMENTATION

Landsat Project Information:

http://landsat.usgs.gov

Landsat data access:

\* USGS Global Visualization Viewer (GloVis): http://glovis.usgs.gov

\* USGS EarthExplorer: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov

\* USGS LandsatLook Viewer: http://landsatlook.usgs.gov

\* Landsat International Ground Station (IGS) network:

         http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_ground_stations.php

FGDC metadata:

http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata

Data restrictions and citation:

https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/citation

\* National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)

Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) elevation data citation:

Liu, H., K. Jezek, B. Li, and Z. Zhao. 2001.

Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project digital elevation model version 2.

Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

For information on the data, please refer to the data set documentation

available at the following web site:

http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0082.html

PRODUCT SUPPORT

For further information on this product, contact USGS

EROS Customer Services:

Customer Services (ATTN: Landsat)

U.S. Geological Survey

Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001

Tel: 800-252-4547

Tel: 605-594-6151

Email: custserv@usgs.gov

For information on other products from USGS EROS:

http://eros.usgs.gov/ or https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/

For information on other USGS products:

http://ask.usgs.gov/

or call 1-888-ASK-USGS (275-8747)

DISCLAIMER

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive

purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.

Government.

Publication Date: July 2014

Dataset Citation

U.S. Geological Survey (2014) SYD Landsat raw data v01. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 18 June 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/fe7aa98d-ea2a-48fc-bc09-1d5ce3a50246.

Selected Landsat 8 scenes (only bands 2-7 and 10) of the Thomas Fire in California, USA, that started in December 2017. The scene was downloaded from USGS Earth Explorer. Original data are in the public domain and are redistributed here in accordance with the Landsat Data Distribution Policy.

This web application highlights some of the capabilities for accessing Landsat imagery layers, powered by ArcGIS for Server, accessing Landsat Public Datasets running on the Amazon Web Services Cloud. The layers are updated with new Landsat images on a daily basis.

Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.

Quick access to the following band combinations and indices is provided:

• Agriculture : Highlights agriculture is bright green; Bands 6, 5, 2
• Natural Color : Sharpened with 15m panchromatic band; Bands 4, 3, 2 +8
• Color Infrared : Healthy vegetation is bright red; Bands 5, 4 ,3
• SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) : Highlights rock formations; Bands 7, 6, 4
• Geology : Highlights geologic features; Bands 7, 6, 2
• Bathymetric : Highlights underwater features; Bands 4, 3, 1
• Panchromatic : Panchromatic images at 15m; Band 8
• Vegetation Index : Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDVI); (Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4)
• Moisture Index : Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); (Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)
• SAVI : Soil Adjusted Veg. Index); Offset + Scale*(1.5*(Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5))
• Water Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 3 - Band 6)/(Band 3 + Band 6)
• Burn Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 7)/(Band 5 + Band 7)
• Urban Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)

The application is written using Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS accessing imagery layers using the ArcGIS API for JavaScript.

This directory contains Landsat 8 data from 2017 for two NEON sites: SJER and HARV:https://www.neonscience.org/field-sites/field-sites-map/SJERhttps://www.neonscience.org/field-sites/field-sites-map/HARVAll Landsat data files have been cropped to the boundaries of each NEON Field site. Data were downloaded from Earth Explorer by Earth Lab in Oct 2018.

Reflectance Landsat images (Level 2A) processed by the Theia Land Data Center (http://www.theia-land.fr) for the CNES French Space Agency (http://www.cnes.fr). The processing center developed by CNES uses the MACCS prototype L2A chain developed and designed by CESBIO. LANDSAT 8 L1T Input data come from USGS (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov) that we would like to thank for releasing freely the LANDSAT 8 datasets.

Welcome to the LandsatLook Viewer!The LandsatLook Viewer is a prototype tool that was developed to allow rapid online viewing and access to the USGS Landsat image archives. This viewer allows you to:Interactively explore the Landsat archive at up to full resolution directly from a common web browserSearch for specific Landsat images based on area of interest, acquisition date, or cloud coverCompare image features and view changes through timeDisplay configurable map information layers in combination with the Landsat imageryCreate a customized image display and export as a simple graphic fileView metadata and download the full-band source imagerySearch by address or place, or zoom to a point, bounding box, or Sentinel-2 Tile or Landsat WRS-1 or WRS-2 Path/RowGenerate and download a video animation of the oldest to newest images displayed in the viewerWe welcome feedback and input for future versions of this Viewer! Please provide your comments or suggestions .About the ImageryThis viewer provides visual and download access to the USGS LandsatLook "Natural Color" imageproduct archive.BackgroundThe Landsat satellites have been collecting multispectral images of Earth from space since 1972. Each image contains multiple bands of spectral information which may require significant user time, system resources, and technical expertise to obtain a visual result. As a result, the use and access to Landsat data has been historically limited to the scientific and technical user communities.The LandsatLook “Natural Color” image product option was created to provide Landsat imagery in a simple user-friendly and viewer-ready format, based on specific bands that have been selected and arranged to simulate natural color. This type of product allows easy visualization of the archived Landsat image without any need for specialized software or technical expertise.LandsatLook ViewerThe LandsatLook Viewer displays the LandsatLook Natural Color image product for all Landsat 1-8 images in the USGS archive and was designed primarily for visualization purposes.The imagery within this Viewer will be of value to anyone who wants to quickly see the full Landsat record for an area, along with major image features or obvious changes to Earth’s surface through time. An area of interest may be extracted and downloaded as a simple graphic file directly through the viewer, and the original full image tile is also available if needed. Any downloaded LandsatLook image product is a georeferenced file and will be compatible within most GIS and Web mapping applications.If the user needs to perform detailed technical analysis, the full bands of Landsat source data may also be accessed through direct links provided on the LandsatLook Viewer.Image ServicesThe imagery that is visible on this LandsatLook Viewer is based on Web-based ArcGIS image services. The underlying REST service endpoints for the LandsatLook imagery are available at https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/arcgis/rest/services/LandsatLook/ImageServer .Useful linksLandsat- Landsat Mission (USGS)- Landsat Science (NASA)LandsatLook- Product Description- USGS Fact Sheet- LandsatLook image services (REST)Landsat Products- Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS- Landsat 7 ETM+- Landsat 4-5 TM- Landsat 1-5 MSS- Landsat Band DesignationsLandsatLook images are full-resolution files derived from Landsat Level-1 data products. The images are compressed and stretched to create an image optimized for image selection and visual interpretation. It is recommended that these images not be used in image analysis.LandsatLook image files are included as options when downloading Landsat scenes from EarthExplorer, GloVis, or the LandsatLook Viewer (See Figure 1).Figure 1. LandsatLook and Level-1 product download optionsLandsatLook Natural Color ImageThe LandsatLook Natural Color image is a .jpg composite of three bands to show a “natural” looking (false color) image. Reflectance values were calculated from the calibrated scaled digital number (DN) image data. The reflectance values were scaled to a 1-255 range using a gamma stretch with a gamma=2.0. This stretch was designed to emphasize vegetation without clipping the extreme values.Landsat 8 OLI = Bands 6,5,4Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 4-5 TM = Bands 5,4,3Landsat 4-5 MSS = Bands 2,4,1Landsat 1-3 MSS = Bands 7,5,4LandsatLook Thermal ImageThe LandsatLook Thermal image is a one-band gray scale .jpg image that displays thermal properties of a Landsat scene. Image brightness temperature values were calculated from the calibrated scaled digital number (DN) image data. An image specific 2 percent clip and a linear stretch to 1-255 were applied to the brightness temperature values.Landsat 8 TIRS = Band 10Landsat 7 ETM+ = Band 61-high gainLandsat 4-5 TM = Band 6Landsat 1-5 MSS = not availableLandsatLook Quality ImageLandsatLook Quality images are 8-bit files generated from the Landsat Level-1 Quality band to provide a quick view of the quality of the pixels within the scene to determine if a particular scene would work best for the user's application. This file includes values representing bit-packed combinations of surface, atmosphere, and sensor conditions that can affect the overall usefulness of a given pixel. Color mapping assignments can be seen in the tables below. For each Landsat scene, LandsatLook Quality images can be downloaded individually in .jpg format, or as a GeoTIFF format file (_QB.TIF) within the LandsatLook Images with Geographic Reference file.Landsat Collection 1 LandsatLook 8-bit Quality Images DesignationsLandsat 8 OLI/TIRSLandsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 4-5 TMLandsat 1-5 MSSColorBitDescriptionBitDescriptionBitDescription 0Designated Fill0Designated Fill0Designated Fill 1Terrain Occlusion1Dropped Pixel1Dropped Pixel 2Radiometric Saturation 2Radiometric Saturation ​2Radiometric Saturation 3Cloud3Cloud3Cloud 4Cloud Shadow4Cloud Shadow 4Unused 5Snow/Ice 5Snow/Ice 5Unused 6Cirrus 6Unused6Unused 7Unused7Unused7UnusedUnusedTable 1. Landsat Collection 1 LandsatLook 8-bit Quality Images Designations LandsatLook Images with Geographic ReferenceThe LandsatLook Image with Geographic Reference is a .zip file bundle that contains the Natural Color, Thermal, and the 8-bit Quality images in georeferenced GeoTiff (.TIF) file format.Figure 2. LandsatLook Natural Color Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013Figure 3. LandsatLook Thermal Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013Figure 4. LandsatLook Quality Image: Landsat 8 Path 45 Row 30 Acquired April 23, 2013 with background color set to dark grey. Additional Information About LandsatLook ImagesMany geographic information systems and image processing software packages easily support .jpg images. To create these files, Landsat data is mapped to a 1-255 range, with the fill area set to zero (if a no-data value is set to zero, the compression algorithm may introduce zero-value artifacts into the data area causing very dark data values to be displayed as no-data).

This is the cloud free data that the students need to get from earth explorer as a part of their homework.Added: 6 march 2020 -- landsat-coldsprings-hw : this has the BEFORE and after full scene data. this is preferred to make a consistent before after workflow that isn't quirky. i've left the old scene that also has the cropped data but we may be able to remove it in the future

Jointly managed by NASA and the USGS, Landsat is the longest running spaceborne earth imaging and observation program in history. Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 science products, imagery from 1982 to present, are made publicly available by the USGS. The continuity in this scientific record allows for critical and reliable observation and analysis of Earth processes and changes over time. This imagery layer provides global Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery. The layer is time-enabled and includes a number of predefined processing templates for visualization and analysis. Key PropertiesGeographic Coverage: Global landmassesTemporal Coverage: August 22, 1982 to presentSpatial Resolution: 30-meterRevisit Time: ~8-daysProduct Level: Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products (Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature)Source Data Coordinate System: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) WGS84Service Coordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere WGS84 (EPSG:3857)Analysis: Optimized for analysisMultispectral Bands:BandDescriptionWavelength* (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol**0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.52303Green0.52 - 0.60304Red0.63 - 0.69305NIR0.76 - 0.90306SWIR 11.55 - 1.75307SWIR 22.08 - 2.35308Pixel QANA309Surface Temperature (Kelvin)10.4-12.5 30***10Surface Temperature QANA30*This is the max range for each band based on the combined missions. For reference to the distinct ranges for each mission see this document.**Coastal Aerosol is only available from Landsat 8 and 9. For Landsat 4, 5, and 7 this band is simply a place holder and does not contain data.***The thermal band is acquired at 100 or 120 meter resolution and resampled to 30 meters.Learn more about the Quality Assessment (QA) Bands Usage Information and Best PracticesProcessing TemplatesThis layer includes a number of preconfigured processing templates (raster function templates) to provide on-the-fly data rendering and calculations for visualization and analysis. Each processing template includes labels and descriptions to characterize the intended usage. This may include for visualization, for analysis, or for both visualization and analysis. VisualizationThe default rendering on this layer is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) for Visualization.There are a number of on-the-fly renderings/processing templates designed specifically for data visualization.By default, the most recent and most cloud free scenes from the Landsat archive are prioritized and dynamically fused into a single mosaicked image layer. To discover and isolate specific images for visualization in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer. AnalysisIn order to leverage the optimization for analysis, the capability must be enabled by your ArcGIS organization administrator. More information on enabling this feature can be found in the ‘Regional data hosting’ section of this help doc.Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See this group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis.Using the "None" processing template option as input to analysis provides all bands with raw pixel values and is recommended for many use cases. Otherwise, only processing templates that include a "for analysis" designation should be used as input to analysis.The appropriate scale and offset, as recommended by USGS, is dynamically applied to the imagery in this layer, providing scientific floating point Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature pixel values.Prior to running analysis, users should always provide some form of data selection with either a layer filter (e.g. for a specific date range, cloud cover percent, mission, etc.) or by selecting specific images. To discover and isolate specific images for analysis in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer. GeneralIf you are new to Landsat imagery, the Landsat Explorer provides a good introductory user experience for working with this imagery layer. For more information, see this Quick Start Guide or this Detailed Tutorial. Data Source Landsat imagery is credited to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The imagery in this layer is sourced from the Microsoft Planetary Computer Open Data Catalog.

This file list details the Landsat 8 scenes used for two test regions in Greenland to study supraglacial lake depth retrievals using multispectral imagery. All original data are available via USGS Earth Explorer (earthexplorer.usgs.gov). Imagery were originally accessed in fall 2013 (Northwest region) and fall 2014 (Jakobshavn). For methods and results see Pope et al. in The Cryosphere and associated publications.

This is the cloud free data that the students need to get from earth explorer as a part of their homework

Sample Landsat 8 satellite scene consisting of 4 bands, i.e. blue (B2), green (B3), red (B4), near infrared (B5) and an .xml file with metadata.

The satellite data was downloaded from EarthExplorer.

This data repo contains data for the 2015 cold springs fire including1. updated Landsat data (landsat collections data which was reprocessed - note that the other repo containing this data has the older Landsat 8 data pre collections which is no longer available. 2. MODIS data pre/post fire3. NAIP data pre-fireNote that the MODIS HDF files are available as a separate zip file in this repo to keep the file size smallerIMPORTANT: note that the landsat 8 data pre-fire has a large cloud in the study area that is used as a teaching opportunity. Students must download a clean cloud free version of the data from Earth Explorer.

These data were compiled to compare the ability of matched filtering (MF) and linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) to map isolated wetland sites using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. We analyzed 81 stock ponds corresponding to a 2007 Landsat 5 image and 73 sites corresponding to a 2014 Landsat 8 image in southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico, with ponds ranging from completely dry to ~17,000 m2 surface water. Both Landsat images we used were Tier 1 Level-1 terrain corrected scenes acquired from Earth Explorer (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov), which were provided as individual bands represented by digital numbers (DNs). The inundation extent of stock ponds in the San Rafael Valley and surrounding areas was assessed. The northern part of the valley is in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, and extends into the northern part of Sonora, Mexico. The area ranges from ~1,400 to 1,500 m in elevation, with surrounding mountains >1,800 m ...