About the dataJointly managed by NASA and the USGS, Landsat is the longest running spaceborne earth imaging and observation program in history. The Landsat program began in 1972, with the launch of Landsat 1. Beginning with Landsat 4, the program began providing mission to mission data continuity.Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 science products, imagery from 1982 to present, are made publicly available by the USGS. The continuity in this scientific record allows for critical and reliable observation and analysis of Earth processes and changes over time.The Landsat Level-2 multispectral imagery is available in ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World as a dynamic time enabled image service, accessible across the ArcGIS system and used to power this app. For more about the service and the data, see Landsat Level-2.About the appLandsat multispectral imagery helps to track and document land use and land change associated with climate change, urbanization, drought, wildfire, deforestation, and other natural processes and human activity.Through an intuitive user experience, this app leverages a variety of ArcGIS capabilities to explore and begin to unlock the wealth of information that Landsat provides. Some of the key capabilities include:Visual exploration of a Dynamic global mosaic of the best available Landsat scenes.On-the-fly multispectral band combinations and indices for visualization and analysis.Interactive Find a Scene by location, sensor, time, and cloud cover.Visual change by time, and comparison of different renderings, with Swipe and Animation modes.Analysis including threshold masking and temporal profiles for vegetation, water, land surface temperature, and more.

Mature Support Notice: This item is in mature support as of February 2024. A new version of this item is available for your use. This web application highlights some of the capabilities for accessing Landsat imagery layers, powered by ArcGIS for Server, accessing Landsat Public Datasets running on the Amazon Web Services Cloud. The layers are updated with new Landsat images on a daily basis. Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.Quick access to the following band combinations and indices is provided: Agriculture : Highlights agriculture in bright green; Bands 6, 5, 2Natural Color : Sharpened with 15m panchromatic band; Bands 4, 3, 2 +8Color Infrared : Healthy vegetation is bright red; Bands 5, 4 ,3 SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) : Highlights rock formations; Bands 7, 6, 4Geology : Highlights geologic features; Bands 7, 6, 2Bathymetric : Highlights underwater features; Bands 4, 3, 1Panchromatic : Panchromatic images at 15m; Band 8Vegetation Index : Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI); (Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4)Moisture Index : Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); (Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)SAVI : Soil Adjusted Veg. Index); Offset + Scale*(1.5*(Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5))Water Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 3 - Band 6)/(Band 3 + Band 6)Burn Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 7)/(Band 5 + Band 7)Urban Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)Optionally, you can also choose the "Custom Bands" or "Custom Index" option to create your own band combinations The Time tool enables access to a temporal time slider and a temporal profile of different indices for a selected point. The Time tool is only accessible at larger zoom scales. It provides temporal profiles for NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and Urban Index. The Identify tool enables access to information on the images, and can also provide a spectral profile for a selected point. The Stories tool will direct you to pre-selected interesting locations. The application is written using Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS accessing imagery layers using ArcGIS API for JavaScript. The following Imagery Layers are being accessed : Multispectral Landsat - Provides access to 30m 8-band multispectral imagery and a range of functions that provide different band combinations and indices.Pansharpened Landsat - Provides access to 15m 4-band (Red, Green, Blue and NIR) panchromatic-sharpened imagery.Panchromatic Landsat - Provides access to 15m panchromatic imagery. These imagery layers can be accessed through the public group Landsat Community on ArcGIS Online.

Important Note: This item is in mature support as of February 2024 and is no longer being updated. A new version of this item is available for your use.This web application highlights some of the capabilities for accessing Landsat imagery layers, powered by ArcGIS for Server, accessing Landsat Public Datasets running on the Amazon Web Services Cloud. The layers are updated with new Landsat images on a daily basis.Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.Quick access to the following band combinations and indices is provided:Agriculture : Highlights agriculture in bright green; Bands 6, 5, 2Natural Color : Sharpened with 15m panchromatic band; Bands 4, 3, 2 +8Color Infrared : Healthy vegetation is bright red; Bands 5, 4 ,3 SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) : Highlights rock formations; Bands 7, 6, 4Geology : Highlights geologic features; Bands 7, 6, 2Bathymetric : Highlights underwater features; Bands 4, 3, 1Panchromatic : Panchromatic images at 15m; Band 8Vegetation Index : Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI); (Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4)Moisture Index : Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); (Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)SAVI : Soil Adjusted Veg. Index); Offset + Scale*(1.5*(Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5))Water Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 3 - Band 6)/(Band 3 + Band 6)Burn Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 7)/(Band 5 + Band 7)Urban Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)Optionally, you can also choose the "Custom Bands" or "Custom Index" option to create your own band combinationsThe Time tool enables access to a temporal time slider and a temporal profile of different indices for a selected point. The Time tool is only accessible at larger zoom scales. It provides temporal profiles for NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and Urban Index. The Identify tool enables access to information on the images, and can also provide a spectral profile for a selected point. The Stories tool will direct you to pre-selected interesting locations.The application is written using Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS accessing imagery layers using ArcGIS API for JavaScript.The following Imagery Layers are being accessed : Multispectral Landsat - Provides access to 30m 8-band multispectral imagery and a range of functions that provide different band combinations and indices.Pansharpened Landsat - Provides access to 15m 4-band (Red, Green, Blue and NIR) panchromatic-sharpened imagery.Panchromatic Landsat - Provides access to 15m panchromatic imagery. These imagery layers can be accessed through the public group Landsat Community on ArcGIS Online.

This web application highlights some of the capabilities for accessing Landsat imagery layers, powered by ArcGIS for Server, accessing Landsat Public Datasets running on the Amazon Web Services Cloud. The layers are updated with new Landsat images on a daily basis.

Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.

Quick access to the following band combinations and indices is provided:

• Agriculture : Highlights agriculture in bright green; Bands 6, 5, 2
• Natural Color : Sharpened with 15m panchromatic band; Bands 4, 3, 2 +8
• Color Infrared : Healthy vegetation is bright red; Bands 5, 4 ,3
• SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) : Highlights rock formations; Bands 7, 6, 4
• Geology : Highlights geologic features; Bands 7, 6, 2
• Bathymetric : Highlights underwater features; Bands 4, 3, 1
• Panchromatic : Panchromatic images at 15m; Band 8
• Vegetation Index : Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI); (Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4)
• Moisture Index : Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); (Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)
• SAVI : Soil Adjusted Veg. Index); Offset + Scale*(1.5*(Band 5 - Band 4)/(Band 5 + Band 4 + 0.5))
• Water Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 3 - Band 6)/(Band 3 + Band 6)
• Burn Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 7)/(Band 5 + Band 7)
• Urban Index : Offset + Scale*(Band 5 - Band 6)/(Band 5 + Band 6)

Created for you to visualize our planet and understand how the Earth has changed over time, the Esri Landsat Explorer app provides the power of Landsat satellites, which gather data beyond what the eye can see. Use this app to draw on Landsat's different bands to better explore the planet's geology, vegetation, agriculture, and cities. Additionally, access the entire Landsat archive to visualize how the Earth's surface has changed over the last forty years.To get a guided look at the Landsat Explorer app tools, click for a tutorial.For more information about the Landsat missions, visit https://landsat.usgs.gov.For information on Esri's full imagery capabilities, visit http://www.esri.com/imagery.To build your own web app like Landsat Explorer, visit http://developers.arcgis.com.

This layer includes Landsat GLS, Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 imagery for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The Landsat 8 and 9 imagery includes nine multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Together, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.This layer also includes imagery from the Global Land Survey* (circa 2010, 2005, 2000, 1990, 1975).Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Layer Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.To isolate a specific mission, use the Layer Filter and the dataset_id or SensorName fields.Visual RenderingThe default rendering in this layer is Agriculture (bands 6,5,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA). Brighter green indicates more vigorous vegetation.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions can be created.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral Bands BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30 *More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted in Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.*The Global Land Survey includes images from Landsat 1 through Landsat 7. Band numbers and band combinations differ from those of Landsat 8, but have been mapped to the most appropriate band as in the above table. For more information about the Global Land Survey, visit GLS.

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes the panchromatic band from the Operational Land Imager (OLI). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land SurfacePolar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Panchromatic (0.5-0.68 µm).Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted in Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

Esri’s Sentinel-2 Explorer is a powerful tool for exploring satellite imagery, supporting our mission to make remote sensing accessible to all. Within the Explorer, you can select specific dates, apply different renderings, create animations, and dive into spectral analysis and change detection. But what if you wanted to go further—creating your own renderings, overlaying custom data, or integrating additional datasets? This is where bringing Sentinel-2 imagery into ArcGIS Online comes in, offering the same user-friendly interface but with greater control and enhanced analysis capabilities.In this StoryMap, we’ll show just how easy it is to bring imagery from Sentinel-2 Explorer into ArcGIS Online and explore the many possibilities of imagery analysis. Want to use Landsat or Sentinel-1 data instead? No problem—this guide also works with Esri’s Landsat Explorer and Sentinel-1 Explorer, giving you even more flexibility for your remote sensing projects.

This layer includes Landsat 8 imagery for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of pansharpened renderings on demand. The layer includes 15m imagery rendered on-the-fly as Natural Color with DRA. It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Landsat 8 revisits each point on Earth's land surface every 16 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is PanSharpened Natural Color images.Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted in Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information on Landsat 8 images, see Landsat8.

Jointly managed by NASA and the USGS, Landsat is the longest running spaceborne earth imaging and observation program in history. Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 science products, imagery from 1982 to present, are made publicly available by the USGS. The continuity in this scientific record allows for critical and reliable observation and analysis of Earth processes and changes over time. This imagery layer provides global Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 imagery. The layer is time-enabled and includes a number of predefined processing templates for visualization and analysis. Key PropertiesGeographic Coverage: Global landmassesTemporal Coverage: August 22, 1982 to presentSpatial Resolution: 30-meterRevisit Time: ~8-daysProduct Level: Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products (Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature)Source Data Coordinate System: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) WGS84Service Coordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere WGS84 (EPSG:3857)Analysis: Optimized for analysisMultispectral Bands:BandDescriptionWavelength* (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol**0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.52303Green0.52 - 0.60304Red0.63 - 0.69305NIR0.76 - 0.90306SWIR 11.55 - 1.75307SWIR 22.08 - 2.35308Pixel QANA309Surface Temperature (Kelvin)10.4-12.5 30***10Surface Temperature QANA30*This is the max range for each band based on the combined missions. For reference to the distinct ranges for each mission see this document.**Coastal Aerosol is only available from Landsat 8 and 9. For Landsat 4, 5, and 7 this band is simply a place holder and does not contain data.***The thermal band is acquired at 100 or 120 meter resolution and resampled to 30 meters.Learn more about the Quality Assessment (QA) Bands Usage Information and Best PracticesProcessing TemplatesThis layer includes a number of preconfigured processing templates (raster function templates) to provide on-the-fly data rendering and calculations for visualization and analysis. Each processing template includes labels and descriptions to characterize the intended usage. This may include for visualization, for analysis, or for both visualization and analysis. VisualizationThe default rendering on this layer is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) for Visualization.There are a number of on-the-fly renderings/processing templates designed specifically for data visualization.By default, the most recent and most cloud free scenes from the Landsat archive are prioritized and dynamically fused into a single mosaicked image layer. To discover and isolate specific images for visualization in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer. AnalysisIn order to leverage the optimization for analysis, the capability must be enabled by your ArcGIS organization administrator. More information on enabling this feature can be found in the ‘Regional data hosting’ section of this help doc.Optimized for analysis means this layer does not have size constraints for analysis and it is recommended for multisource analysis with other layers optimized for analysis. See this group for a complete list of imagery layers optimized for analysis.Using the "None" processing template option as input to analysis provides all bands with raw pixel values and is recommended for many use cases. Otherwise, only processing templates that include a "for analysis" designation should be used as input to analysis.The appropriate scale and offset, as recommended by USGS, is dynamically applied to the imagery in this layer, providing scientific floating point Surface Reflectance and Surface Temperature pixel values.Prior to running analysis, users should always provide some form of data selection with either a layer filter (e.g. for a specific date range, cloud cover percent, mission, etc.) or by selecting specific images. To discover and isolate specific images for analysis in Map Viewer, try using the Image Collection Explorer. GeneralIf you are new to Landsat imagery, the Landsat Explorer provides a good introductory user experience for working with this imagery layer. For more information, see this Quick Start Guide or this Detailed Tutorial. Data Source Landsat imagery is credited to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The imagery in this layer is sourced from the Microsoft Planetary Computer Open Data Catalog.

This layer includes Landsat 8 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) Colorized for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Landsat 8 revisits each point on Earth's land surface every 16 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, calculated as (b5 - b6)/(b5 + b6) with a colormap applied. Wetlands and moist areas are blues, and dry areas in deep yellow and brown.Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Normalized Difference Moisture Index consumes bands 5 and 6.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information on Landsat 8 images, see Landsat8.

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Item - LC09_L2SP_004067_20250924_20250925_02_T1 in landsat-2

The ArcGIS system provides access to both imagery and tools for visualizing and analyzing imagery. Imagery collections from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World can be viewed through apps such as the Landsat Explorer app, ArcGIS Online Map Viewer, and ArcGIS Pro, while the Spatial Analyst extension and ArcGIS Image Analyst for ArcGIS Pro, more commonly know as the Image Analyst extension, provide raster functions, classification and change detection tools, and other advanced image interpretation and analysis tools. The tutorials in the Working with Imagery in ArcGIS learning path will introduce you to exploring and selecting imagery in ArcGIS web applications, applying indices and raster functions to imagery in ArcGIS Pro, and performing image classification and change detection in ArcGIS Pro.This ArcGIS Pro project package contains data for Tutorial 3, Performing Image Classification in ArcGIS Pro, and Tutorial 4, Performing Change Detection in ArcGIS Pro, of the learning path. Click Download to download the .ppkx file or click Open in ArcGIS Pro then open the pitemx file to download and open the package.Software Used: ArcGIS Pro 2.8. Project package may be opened in 3.x versions.File Size: 170mbDate Created: November 7, 2022Last Tested: December 5, 2024

The 2,072 samples of secondary and 3000 samples of stable forest, respectively were used to assess the accuracy of the results produced by each algorithm and ensemble. Samples for validation were selected randomly from the 7th National Forest Resources Inventory (NFRI) and were compared to the secondary forest maps produced above. The candidate points were visually examined using “Landsat Time Series Explorer”, a shared Application on GEE (https://jstnbraaten.users.earthengine.app/view/landsat-timeseries-explorer). In addition, historical imagery from Google Earth (https://earth.google.com/), GF-6 panchromatic/multispectral (PMS) images (a high-resolution Chinese satellite) (https://data.cresda.cn/#/2dMap) helped to distinguish stable and secondary forest samples. A total of 2,072 validation samples of secondary forest age ranging from 0 to 34 were defined by the re-interpreted approach mentioned above. Over 3,000 candidates of stable forests were systematically sampled from stable forest maps for validation. The classification of these samples of stable forest was ensured by filtering through many public land cover products. As shown in Table 1, these datasets included AGLC-2000-2015, GLC_FCS, FNF, GLC, CLUD, and GFCC. The categorization of the samples as stable forest was ensured by processing using Python, ArcGIS 10.6, and GEE. The 3,000 samples of the stable forest were then completed after manually removing pixels at imperfect sites. The value 1 of class in the data presents the secondary forest, value 0 of class presents the stable forest samples.

This dataset contains maps of the location and temporal distribution of surface water from 1984 to 2021 and provides statistics on the extent and change of those water surfaces. For more information see the associated journal article: High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes (Nature, 2016) and the online Data Users Guide. These data were generated using 4,716,475 scenes from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 acquired between 16 March 1984 and 31 December 2021. Each pixel was individually classified into water / non-water using an expert system and the results were collated into a monthly history for the entire time period and two epochs (1984-1999, 2000-2021) for change detection. This mapping layers product consists of 1 image containing 7 bands. It maps different facets of the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water over the last 38 years. Areas where water has never been detected are masked.

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Natural Color with DRA for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA).Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Natural Color with DRA consumes bands 4,3,2.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as Bathymetric with DRA for use in visualization and analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Bathymetric (bands 4,3,1) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA), useful in bathymetric mapping applications. Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. Bathymetric with DRA consumes bands 4,3,1.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

EarthExplorerUse the USGS EarthExplorer (EE) to search, download, and order satellite images, aerial photographs, and cartographic products. In addition to data from the Landsat missions and a variety of other data providers, EE provides access to MODIS land data products from the NASA Terra and Aqua missions, and ASTER level-1B data products over the U.S. and Territories from the NASA ASTER mission. Registered users of EE have access to more features than guest users.Earth Explorer Distribution DownloadThe EarthExplorer user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EarthExplorer supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote sensing inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities. Through the interface, users can identify search areas, datasets, and display metadata, browse and integrated visual services within the interface.The distributable version of EarthExplorer provides the basic software to provide this functionality. Users are responsible for verification of system recommendations for hosting the application on your own servers. By default, this version of our code is not hooked up to a data source so you will have to integrate the interface with your data. Integration options include service-based API's, databases, and anything else that stores data. To integrate with a data source simply replace the contents of the 'getDataset' and 'search' functions in the CWIC.php file.Distribution is being provided due to users requests for the codebase. The EarthExplorer source code is provided "As Is", without a warranty or support of any kind. The software is in the public domain; it is available to any government or private institution.The software code base is managed through the USGS Configuration Management Board. The software is managed through an automated configuration management tool that updates the code base when new major releases have been thoroughly reviewed and tested.Link: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

This layer includes Landsat 8 and 9 imagery rendered on-the-fly as NBR Raw for use in analysis. This layer is time enabled and includes a number of band combinations and indices rendered on demand. The imagery includes eight multispectral bands from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and two bands from the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). It is updated daily with new imagery directly sourced from the USGS Landsat collection on AWS.Geographic CoverageGlobal Land Surface.Polar regions are available in polar-projected Imagery Layers: Landsat Arctic Views and Landsat Antarctic Views.Temporal CoverageThis layer is updated daily with new imagery.Working in tandem, Landsat 8 and 9 revisit each point on Earth's land surface every 8 days.Most images collected from January 2015 to present are included.Approximately 5 images for each path/row from 2013 and 2014 are also included.Product LevelThe Landsat 8 and 9 imagery in this layer is comprised of Collection 2 Level-1 data.The imagery has Top of Atmosphere (TOA) correction applied.TOA is applied using the radiometric rescaling coefficients provided the USGS.The TOA reflectance values (ranging 0 – 1 by default) are scaled using a range of 0 – 10,000.Image Selection/FilteringA number of fields are available for filtering, including Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Product ID.To isolate and work with specific images, either use the ‘Image Filter’ to create custom layers or add a ‘Query Filter’ to restrict the default layer display to a specified image or group of images.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is NBR Raw computed as (b5 - b7) / (b5 + b7) on Apparent Reflectance.Raster Functions enable on-the-fly rendering of band combinations and calculated indices from the source imagery.The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Other pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected via the renderer drop-down or custom functions can be created.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers that you can use to perform a variety of mapping analysis tasks.Pre-defined functions: Natural Color with DRA, Agriculture with DRA, Geology with DRA, Color Infrared with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Normalized Difference Moisture Index Colorized, NDVI Raw, NDVI Colorized, NBR Raw15 meter Landsat Imagery Layers are also available: Panchromatic and Pansharpened.Multispectral BandsThe table below lists all available multispectral OLI bands. NBR Raw consumes bands 5 and 7.BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.43 - 0.45302Blue0.45 - 0.51303Green0.53 - 0.59304Red0.64 - 0.67305Near Infrared (NIR)0.85 - 0.88306SWIR 11.57 - 1.65307SWIR 22.11 - 2.29308Cirrus (in OLI this is band 9)1.36 - 1.38309QA Band (available with Collection 1)*NA30*More about the Quality Assessment BandTIRS BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Spatial Resolution (m)10TIRS110.60 - 11.19100 * (30)11TIRS211.50 - 12.51100 * (30)*TIRS bands are acquired at 100 meter resolution, but are resampled to 30 meter in delivered data product.Additional Usage NotesImage exports are limited to 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.This dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Pro as well as web and mobile applications using the ArcGIS REST APIs.WCS and WMS compatibility means this imagery layer can be consumed as WCS or WMS services.The Landsat Explorer App is another way to access and explore the imagery.This layer is part of a larger collection of Landsat Imagery Layers.Data SourceLandsat imagery is sourced from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Public Data Sets program.For information, see Landsat 8 and Landsat 9.

AbstractLand cover is the observed physical cover on the Earth’s surface including trees, shrubs, grasses, soils, exposed rocks, water bodies, plantations, crops and built structures. A consistent, Australia-wide land cover product helps understanding of how the different parts of the environment change and inter-relate. Earth observation data recorded over a period of time firstly allows the observation of the state of land cover at a specific time and secondly the way that land cover changes by comparison between times.DEA Land Cover divides the landscape into six base land cover types, which are then further detailed through the addition of environmental descriptors. The structure is as follows:Cultivated Terrestrial Vegetationpercentage of coverlife form (woody or herbaceous only)Natural Terrestrial Vegetationpercentage of coverlife form (woody or herbaceous)Natural Aquatic Vegetationpercentage of coverlife form (woody or herbaceous)water seasonalityArtificial SurfacesNatural Barepercentage of bare coverWaterwater persistenceintertidal areaFor more information about the DEA Land Cover product, see the DEA Knowledge Hub.Overview of application capabilities:- Visual change analysis with either "Step Mode" or "Swipe Mode" of land cover- Imagery mode for visual investigation and validation of land coverCurrencyDate modified: June 2025Modification frequency: AnnuallyVersion: 2.0.0Data ExtentCoordinate reference: GDA94 / Australian Albers - EPSG:3577Spatial Extentwest longitude: 112°south latitude: -44°east longitude: 154°north latitude: -10°Temporal Coverage: 1988 to 2024Source InformationDEA Land Cover is based on the globally applicable Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) taxonomy Version 2. DEA Land Cover classifications have been generated by combining quantitative (continuous) or qualitative (thematic) environmental information (referred to as Essential Descriptors; EDs) derived from Landsat satellite sensor data. Several EDs have been generated previously by Geoscience Australia, including annual water summaries, vegetation fractional cover, mangrove extent and the Inter Tidal Extent Model, whilst others have been developed more recently. These EDs have been combined to generate detailed, consistent and expandable annual classifications of Australia’s land cover from 1988 through to present.For a complete description of the methods used to produce DEA Land Cover, please see the DEA Knowledge Hub.Raw source imagesLineage StatementDEA Land Cover is based on the globally applicable Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) taxonomy Version 2. DEA Land Cover classifications have been generated by combining quantitative (continuous) or qualitative (thematic) environmental information (referred to as Essential Descriptors; EDs) derived from Landsat satellite sensor data.The FAO LCCS taxonomy is hierarchical and consists of a dichotomous phase (Level 1 to 3) and a modular phase (referred to as Level 4). In Level 1, vegetated and non-vegetated areas are first separated. These are then divided into terrestrial or aquatic categories to form Level 2. In the vegetated terrestrial category, cultivated and natural (including semi-natural) areas are differentiated. The non-vegetated category is further divided into artificial surfaces, and natural surfaces incorporating low vegetation cover and bare areas. Including the non-vegetated aquatic class (from Level 2), this results in the creation of six base land cover categories.At Level 4, vegetated areas are further classified using information that differentiates lifeform (woody and herbaceous) and quantifies vegetation cover percent and water seasonality (for Natural Aquatic Vegetation). Natural Surface areas have information added (bare gradation) which describes the level of remaining vegetation present (sparse, very sparse or not detectable). Non-vegetated aquatic areas (Water) are further described on the basis of their persistence (hydroperiod) over a calendar year. The FAO LCCS differentiates water in different physical states (liquid or frozen; ice or snow), however only liquid water is included in the current release.For a complete description of product lineage, please see the DEA Knowledge Hub.For a complete discussion of the product quality and limitations, please see the DEA Knowledge Hub.Link for DEA Land Cover Level 3Link for DEA Land Cover Level 4ContactDigital Earth Australia, earth.observation@ga.gov.au