Based on the 2020 census, about half of households in the Philippines reported to have Chinese ethnicity. This was followed by about 10 percent of households who reported to have Indian ethnicity.

In 2024, 269,397 foreign citizens lived in the city of Milan. In particular, Egyptian nationals constituted the largest foreign community with 42,000 residents. The Philippines ranked in at second place with 36,000 people, followed by China and Peru, with respectively 33,600 and 16,000 inhabitants. Moreover, around 15,600 immigrants had Sri Lankan origin. By comparing these findings with the main nationalities of foreign citizens in Italy, a countertrend emerges. In fact, in the same year, Egypt comprised only the eighth country of origin of immigrants nationwide, while Romania, Albania, and Morocco were the most represented states. On the contrary, foreigners coming from these three nations constituted less than five percent of the immigrant population in Milan each.

The United States hosted, by far, the highest number of immigrants in the world in 2020. That year, there were over ** million people born outside of the States residing in the country. Germany and Saudi Arabia followed behind at around ** and ** million, respectively. There are varying reasons for people to emigrate from their country of origin, from poverty and unemployment to war and persecution. American Migration People migrate to the United States for a variety of reasons, from job and educational opportunities to family reunification. Overall, in 2021, most people that became legal residents of the United States did so for family reunification purposes, totaling ******* people that year. An additional ******* people became legal residents through employment opportunities. In terms of naturalized citizenship, ******* people from Mexico became naturalized American citizens in 2021, followed by people from India, the Philippines, Cuba, and China. German Migration Behind the United States, Germany also has a significant migrant population. Migration to Germany increased during the mid-2010's, in light of the Syrian Civil War and refugee crisis, and during the 2020’s, in light of conflict in Afghanistan and Ukraine. Moreover, as German society continues to age, there are less workers in the labor market. In a low-migration scenario, Germany will have **** million skilled workers by 2040, compared to **** million by 2040 in a high-migration scenario. In both scenarios, this is still a decrease from **** skilled workers in 2020.

The United States reported the highest number of emigrants from the Philippines in 2022, with about **** thousand Filipinos choosing to live there permanently. In comparison, Spain had *** Filipino emigrants that year.An emigrant is a person who has left their country to live permanently in another.

Abstract

Philippines Population Census 2015 was designed to take an inventory of the total population in the country and collect information about its characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size, distribution, and composition of the population in each barangay, city/municipality, province, and region in the country, as well as information about its demographic, social, and economic characteristics. These indicators are vital in the formulation of rational plans and programs towards national and local development.

Specifically, POPCEN 2015 gathered data on: - size and geographic distribution of the population; - population composition in terms of age, sex, and marital status; - religious affiliation; - school attendance, literacy, highest grade/year completed, and technical/vocational course obtained; - usual activity/occupation, and whether overseas worker for members 15 years old and over; - registration of birth and death; - household-level characteristics such as fuel used for lighting and source of water supply for drinking and cooking; - housing characteristics such as the type of building, construction materials of the roof of the building, construction materials of the outer walls of the building/housing unit, and tenure status of the housing unit/lot; and - barangay characteristics such as the presence of selected facilities and establishments; and presence of informal settlers, relocation areas, and in-movers in the barangay due to natural and man-made disasters.

August 1, 2015 was designated as Census Day for the POPCEN 2015, on which date the enumeration of the population in the Philippines was referred. For the purpose of this census, all information collected about the population were as of 12:01 a.m., Saturday, August 1, 2015.

Enumeration lasted for about 25 days, from 10 August to 6 September 2015. In some areas, enumeration was extended until 15 September 2015 for large provinces.

Geographic coverage

The population count is available at the barangay, city/municipal, provincial, regional, and national levels. Demographic, social, and economic characteristics are tabulated at the city/municipal, provincial, regional, and national levels.

Analysis unit

The following are the units of analysis in POPCEN 2015: 1. Individual person 2. Household 3. Housing unit 4. Institutional Population 5. Barangay

Universe

The POPCEN 2015 covered all persons who were alive as of 12:01 a.m. August 1, 2015, and who were members of the household and institution as follows:

Persons Enumerated as Members of the Household:

1. Those who were present at the time of visit and whose usual place of residence was the housing unit where the household lived;

2. Family members who were overseas workers and who were away at the time of the census and were expected to be back within five years from the date of last departure. These included household members who may or may not have had a specific work contract or had been presently at home on vacation but had an existing overseas employment to return to. Undocumented overseas workers were still considered as members of the household for as long as they had been away for not more than five years. Immigrants, however, were excluded from the census.

3. Those whose usual place of residence was the place where the household lived but were temporarily away at the time of the census for any of the following reasons: a. on vacation, business/pleasure trip, or training somewhere in the Philippines and was expected to be back within six months from the date of departure. An example was a person on training with the Armed Forces of the Philippines for not more than six months; b. on vacation, business/pleasure trip, on study/training abroad and was expected to be back within a year from the date of departure; c. working or attending school outside their usual place of residence but usually came home at least once a week; d. confined in hospitals for a period of not more than six months as of the time of enumeration, except when they were confined as patients in mental hospitals, leprosaria/leper colonies or drug rehabilitation centers, regardless of the duration of their confinement; e. detained in national/provincial/city/municipal jails or in military camps for a period of not more than six months as of the time of enumeration, except when their sentence or detentionwas expected to exceed six months; f. on board coastal, interisland, or fishing vessels within Philippine territories; and g. on board oceangoing vessels but expected to be back within five years from the date of departure.

4. Boarders/lodgers of the household or employees of household-operated businesses who did not return/go home to their respective households weekly;

5. Citizens of foreign countries who resided or were expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival, except members of diplomatic missions and non-Filipino members of international organizations;

6. Filipino balikbayans with usual place of residence in a foreign country but resided or were expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival; and

7. Persons temporarily staying with the household who had no usual place of residence or who were not certain to be enumerated elsewhere.

Persons Enumerated as Members of the Institutional Population:

1. Permanent lodgers in boarding houses;

2. Dormitory residents who did not usually go home to their respective households at least once a week;

3. Hotel residents who stayed in the hotel for more than six months at the time of the census;

4. Boarders in residential houses, provided that their number was 10 or more. However, if the number of boarders in a house was less than 10, they were considered as members of regular households, not of institutions;

5. Patients in hospitals who were confined for more than six months;

6. Patients confined in mental hospitals, leprosaria or leper colonies, and drug rehabilitation centers, regardless of the length of their confinement;

7. Wards in orphanages, homes for the aged, and other welfare institutions;

8. Prisoners of corrective and penal institutions;

9. Seminarians, nuns in convents, monks, and postulants;

10. Soldiers residing in military camps; and

11. Workers in mining and similar camps.

All Filipinos in Philippine embassies, missions, and consulates abroad were also included in the enumeration.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The POPCEN 2015 is a complete enumeration of all persons, households and institutional population in the country. No sampling was done.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face interview [f2f] and self-administered; Paper and Pencil

Research instrument

Listed below are the basic census forms that were used during the field enumeration:

• CP Form 1 - Listing Booklet This booklet was used to list the buildings, housing units, households, and ILQs within an EA. It was also used to record other information such as the address of the household head or ILQ, total population, and number of males and females corresponding to each household and ILQ listed.

• CP Form 2 - Household Questionnaire This four-page questionnaire was used to record information about the households. Specifically, this form was used to gather information on selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population and some information on housing characteristics.

• CP Form 4 - Institutional Population Questionnaire This four-page questionnaire was used to record information on selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population residing in ILQs.

• CP Form 5 - Barangay Schedule This four-page questionnaire was used to record the physical characteristics (e.g. street pattern) and the presence of service facilities and establishments by kind and emplyment size in the barangay. It was also used to record the presence of informal settlers, relocation areas, and in-movers in the barangay due to natural and man-made disasters.

• CP Form 7 - Household Self-Administered Questionnaire Instructions This form contains specific and detailed instructions on how to fill out/accomplish each item in CP Form 2. It was used as guide/reference by respondents who were not, for some reasons, personally interviewed by the EN.

• CP Form 8 - Institutional Population Self-Administered Questionnaire Instructions This form contains specific and detailed instructions for the managers/administrators to guide them in accomplishing each item in CP Form 4. It was used as guide/reference by managers or administrators of an ILQ.

Listed below are the major administrative and accomplishment forms that were also used to facilitate data collection and supervision, and monitoring of enumeration and personnel:

• Mapping Form This form was used to plot buildings, either occupied by households or vacant, ILQs and important physical landmarks in the area. It was also used to enlarge a map or a block of an EA/barangay if the area being enumerated is too large or congested. CP Form 1 - Listing Booklet

• CP Form 6 - Notice of Listing/Enumeration This form is a sticker. After listing and interviewing a household or ILQ, this sticker was posted in a very conspicuous place, preferably in front of the house or at the gate of the building. This form was used for control and monitoring purposes as its presence indicates that a particular housing unit or ILQ had already been listed/interviewed.

• CP Form 9 - Appointment Slip to the Household/Institution/Barangay Official This form was used to set an appointment with the

Remittance Market Outlook

The global remittance market size was valued at USD 701.93 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1.08 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9% from 2024 to 2032. The growth of this market is driven by increasing migration trends, technological advancements, and rising demand for convenient and cost-effective money transfer services. The expansion of digital platforms and mobile wallets has significantly contributed to the ease and speed of cross-border money transfers, providing a robust foundation for market growth.

A significant growth factor contributing to the expansion of the remittance market is the increasing global migration rates. Economic disparities and the pursuit of better employment opportunities have led to a rise in the number of people moving to different countries. These migrants often send money back to their home countries to support their families, driving the demand for remittance services. Additionally, humanitarian reasons and international aid are playing essential roles in boosting remittance flows to regions in need.

Technological advancements have been another critical driver of growth in the remittance market. The advent of digital payment platforms and fintech innovations has revolutionized the way money is transferred across borders. These technological solutions offer faster, cheaper, and more secure transaction methods compared to traditional banking systems. Fintech companies are leveraging blockchain technology to enhance transparency and reduce transfer time, further propelling market growth. The increased penetration of smartphones and internet connectivity also aids in the widespread adoption of digital remittance services.

The rising demand for convenient and cost-effective money transfer services has prompted both traditional and non-traditional financial institutions to enhance their offerings. Money Transfer Operators (MTOs), banks, and online platforms are continuously improving their services to cater to the evolving needs of customers. Competitive pricing, reduced transfer fees, and additional services such as currency exchange and bill payments are attracting more users to formal remittance channels. This trend is particularly evident in developing economies where access to financial services was previously limited.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific holds the largest share in the global remittance market, driven by high migration rates and substantial volumes of inward remittances, particularly in countries like India, China, and the Philippines. North America and Europe also represent significant markets due to their large immigrant populations and established financial infrastructures. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging regions with growing remittance flows, fueled by economic growth and increasing outbound migration.

Type Analysis

The remittance market can be segmented into inward remittance and outward remittance. Inward remittance refers to money sent by expatriates to their home country, while outward remittance involves funds sent from a home country to other countries. Inward remittances constitute a major portion of the market due to the high number of migrant workers sending money back to support their families. This segment is particularly crucial for developing economies where remittances play a significant role in boosting household incomes and economic growth.

Outward remittance, although smaller in comparison to inward remittance, is also growing steadily. This segment is driven by factors such as international tuition fees, payments for overseas purchases, and investments in foreign properties. The increasing number of people traveling abroad for education and business purposes has led to a rise in outward remittance transactions. Additionally, with globalization and international trade on the rise, businesses are also contributing to outward remittance flows.

The inward remittance segment is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period, supported by the growing migrant population and the necessity to support families back home. Government policies in various countries that encourage the inflow of remittances, such as reduced transaction fees and favorable exchange rates, are also bolstering this segment. Furthermore, international organizations and financial institutions are working towards making inward remittance processes more efficient, secure, and cost-effective.

The outward remittance segment, while s

South Korean tourists accounted for the highest share of foreign tourist arrivals to the Philippines in 2024. Travelers from the United States came second, with a share of ** percent of the total foreign tourist arrival in the country.

In 2024, around ******* foreign residents were living in Taiwan. The largest share of immigrants originated from South East Asian countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines.

Abstract

Census of Population and Housing (CPH) refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating data about the population and the living quarters in a country. It entails the listing and recording of the characteristics of each individual and each living quarter as of a specified time and within a specified territory. In other words, the CPH offers a “snapshot” of the entire population on a specific date, that is, how many people reside within the national borders, who they are, and where they live during such specified date. Also, included are the characteristics of the housing units where they reside.

The 2010 CPH is designed to take an inventory of the total population and housing units in the Philippines and collect information about their characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population, as well as their demographic, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The census of housing, on the other hand, provides information on the stock of housing units and their structural characteristics and facilities which have bearing on the maintenance of privacy and health, and the development of normal family living conditions. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for local and national development.

Specifically, the 2010 CPH aims to: - obtain comprehensive data on the size, composition, and distribution of the population of the Philippines; - gather data on birth registration, literacy, school attendance, place of school, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, overseas worker, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, fertility, religion, citizenship, ethnic group, disability, and functional difficulty, and determine their geographic distribution; - take stock of the housing units existing in the country and to get information about their geographic location, structural characteristics, and facilities, among others; - obtain information on the characteristics of the barangay, which will be used as basis for urban-rural classification; and - serve as sampling frame for use in household-based surveys.

Data collected in this census were compiled, evaluated, analyzed, published, and disseminated for the use of government, business, industry, social scientists, other research and academic institutions, and the general public. Among the important uses of census data are the following:

In government: - redistricting and apportionment of congressional seats; - allocation of resources and revenues; - creation of political and administrative units; - formulation of policies concerning population and housing; and - formulation of programs relative to the delivery of basic services for health, education, housing, and others

In business and industry: - determination of sites for establishing businesses; - determination of consumer demands for various goods and services; and - determination of supply of labor for the production of goods and services

In research and academic institutions: - conduct of researches on population and other disciplines; and - study of population growth and distribution as basis in preparing projections

Geographic coverage

National coverage Regions Provinces Cities and Municipalities Barangays

Analysis unit

household questionnaire: individuals (household members), households, housing units institutional questionnaire: individuals (institutional population), institutional living quarters barangay questionnaire: barangay

Universe

Census-taking in the Philippines follows a de-jure concept wherein a person is counted in the usual place of residence or the place where the person usually resides. Information on the count of the population and living quarters were collected with 12:01 a.m. of May 1, 2010 as the census reference time and date.

The following individuals were enumerated:

• Those who were present at the time of visit and whose usual place of residence is the housing unit where the household lives.

• Those whose usual place of residence is the place where the household lives but are temporarily away at the time of the census.

• Boarders/lodgers of the household or employees of household-operated businesses who do not usually return/go to their respective homes weekly.

• Overseas workers and who have been away at the time of the census for not more than five years from the date of departure and are expected to be back within five years from the date of last departure.

• Filipino "balikbayans" with usual place of residence in a foreign country but have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival.

• Citizens of foreign countries who have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival, except members of diplomatic missions and non-Filipino members of international organizations.

• Persons temporarily staying with the household who have no usual place of residence or who are not certain to be enumerated elsewhere.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

In the 2010 CPH, there are basically two types of questionnaires used for the enumeration of household members. These are CPH Form 2 or the Common Household Questionnaire and CPH Form 3 or the Sample Household Questionnaire. CPH Form 3 contains more questions than CPH Form 2.

The 2010 CPH was carried out through a combination of complete enumeration and sampling. For this census, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. This sampling method is designed in such a way that efficient and accurate estimates will be obtained at the city/municipality level.

The sampling rate or the proportion of households to be selected as samples depends on the size of the city/municipality where the Enumeration Area (EA) is located. For the cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 500 and below, 100 percent sampling rate was used. While for those cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 501 and above, a sampling rate of 20 percent was implemented.

In this sampling scheme, each city/municipality was treated as a domain. For city/municipality with 100 percent sampling rate, all households in all the EAs within this city/municipality were selected as samples. For those with a 20 percent sampling rate, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. That is, sample selection of one in five clusters with the first cluster selected at random. Thus in effect, the EAs belonging to the city/municipality with 20 percent sampling rate are divided into clusters of size 5. Random start is pre-determined for each EA.

If the sampling rate applied to a city/municipality is 100 percent, it means that all households in that municipality were administered with CPH Form 3. If it is 20 percent, it means that 20 percent of all households used CPH Form 3 while 80 percent used CPH Form 2.

The random start used by EA is a number from 1 to 5 which was used to select the cluster where the first sample households in an EA, and subsequently the other sample households, were included.

Clusters are formed by grouping together households that have been assigned consecutive serial numbers as they were listed in the Listing Booklet. For a 20 percent sampling rate, clusters were formed by grouping together five households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

CPH Form 1 - Listing Booklet This form is a booklet used to list the buildings, housing units, households, and the Institutional Living Quarters (ILQs) within an EA. This form also records other important information such as the name of household heads and name and type of institutions and their addresses, population totals, and counts of males and females.

CPH Form 2 - Common Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the common or nonsample households. This questionnaire gathered information on the following demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population: relationship to household head, sex, date of birth, age, birth registration, marital status, religion, ethnicity, citizenship, disability, functional difficulty, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, and overseas worker. It also contains questions on the type of building/house, construction materials of the roof and outer walls, state of repair of the building/house, year the building/house was built, floor area of the housing unit, and tenure status of the lot.

CPH Form 3 - Sample Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the sample households. This questionnaire contains ALL questions asked in CPH Form 2 PLUS additional population questions: literacy, school attendance, place of school, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, and some items on fertility. Moreover, there are additional questions on household characteristics: fuel for lighting and cooking, source of water supply for drinking and/or cooking and for laundry, and bathing, tenure status of the housing unit, acquisition of the housing unit, source of financing of the housing unit, monthly rental of the housing unit, tenure status of the lot, usual manner of garbage disposal, kind of toilet facility, and land ownership. It also asked questions on the language/dialect generally spoken at home, residence five years from now, and presence of household conveniences/devices, and access to internet.

CPH Form 4 -

Switzerland emerged as the leading foreign investor in the Philippines, with total approved foreign investments amounting to approximately ***** billion Philippine pesos. South Korea and the Netherlands were also among the major foreign investors in the country.

Based on preliminary figures for 2024, the highest value of net foreign direct investment received in the Philippines came from the United Kingdom, at around *** million U.S. dollars. Japan and Singapore were also the leading sources of equity placements in that year.

As of January 1, 2024, the majority of inhabitants in Greenland had the Danish citizenship, amounting to 54,400 people. Philippine and Thai citizenships were the second and third most common, with respectively 921 and 349 citizens living in Greenland that same year. Greenland is an autonomous region under the Kingdom of Denmark.

South Korea was the biggest market for international tourists arriving in the Philippines in 2024, with about *** million travelers. Tourists from the United States came in second, reaching roughly *******. Post-pandemic tourism recovery The number of tourist arrivals significantly shows signs of recovery in 2024, at about *** million, after the disruptions caused by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. During the pandemic, foreign tourist arrivals dropped to merely *** million people from more than ***** million in the previous year. Surprisingly, this figure was even lower in 2021, which was just **** million tourists. The state of domestic travel While foreign tourist arrivals struggled during the pandemic, domestic tourism in the Philippines experienced fewer setbacks. In 2023 alone, about ** million overnight travelers were recorded, the majority of whom were domestic travelers. Cebu Pacific carried the highest number of domestic passengers in 2023, with PAL Express carrying just about half of the former's passenger volume.

In 2023, ** percent of foreign nationals with a work permit in Israel were citizens of India. They were closely followed by foreign workers from the Philippines and Thailand, which both accounted for ** percent. Interestingly, the share of workers from China grew significantly between 2022 and 2023 to ** percent.

As of July 2024, most of the inmates in the National Bilibid Prison in the Philippines were locals, and most were detained in the maximum security prison facility. In contrast, ** foreign inmates were in the same high level of security.

Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) based in the United States were the leading source of remittances received by the Philippines in 2024. Remittances from the U.S. amounted to around ** billion U.S. dollars. Singapore follows, with remittances amounting to around **** billion U.S. dollars. Economic contribution of remittances  Remittances, in case or kind, have been a fundamental source of income in the Philippines. In fact, in 2020, the county ranked second to India when it comes to the total personal remittances received in the Asia Pacific region. Overall, personal remittances contributed about **** percent to the country's GDP. Demographics of OFWs  Of the **** million Filipino labor migrants employed worldwide in 2023, women accounted for the higher share of OFWs compared to men. In terms of age, most women OFWs were between the age of 30 and 34, while the majority of male OFWs were 45 years old and above.

In 2022, the largest group of Asian foreign-born citizens in Sweden came from Syria, with nearly 200,000 inhabitants. This was also the largest group of foreign-born citizens in Sweden in total that year. With 147,000 inhabitants, Iraqi made up the second largest group of citizens born in Asia living in Sweden, followed by Iranians.

The biggest receivers of remittances in the world included India, Mexico, and China in 2023, with each country receiving **************** worth of dollars. This is according to a database that tries to model money sent internationally from one party to another. Remittances typically refer to money sent from migrant workers back home to family and friends, although there are other forms of this. Remittances can, for example, include pensioners who have a second home in a foreign country. Nevertheless, Asia Pacific is often referred to as the main receiver of remittances.

In 2023, there were approximately ******* foreigners employed as migrant domestic workers (MDWs) in Singapore. That year saw the highest number of migrant domestic workers employed in Singapore in the last decade. Who qualifies as a migrant domestic worker in Singapore? Migrant domestic workers, locally known as maids, make up the second-largest group of foreign workers in Singapore. MDWs must be women between 23 and 50 years from approved source countries, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, who come to Singapore to be helpers in the home. Women applying for this permit must have a minimum of eight years of formal education and undergo medical screening for infectious diseases before being eligible to work. Upon commencing work, their responsibilities range between general housekeeping, childcare duties, and caring for elderly or sick family members. Maids in Singapore – a system rife for abuse? MDWs in Singapore work long hours and are vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Singapore does not have a minimum wage for MDWs, with salaries ranging from 300 to 650 Singapore dollars a month, markedly below the average monthly salary in Singapore. These women are wholly dependent on their employers for shelter, food, and income. As there are no regulations for working hours for MDWs, many work more than the average paid hours of a regular employee. Only from January 1, 2023, would employers be legally required to give their MDWs one mandatory rest day a month that could not be replaced by monetary compensation.

Singapore scored 631 out of a maximum of 800 points in the English Proficiency Index 2022, the highest score across the selected Asian countries and territories. In contrast, Thailand reached an English Proficiency Index score of 416 that year.