In 2023, Croydon had the largest population among London's 32 boroughs at 397,741, while Kensington and Chelsea had the smallest population, at 147,460.

The population of London was approximately *** million in 2023, an increase of over *** million people when compared with the early 1980s. Throughout the 1980s, the population of the United Kingdom's capital grew at a relatively slow rate, before accelerating to a much faster rate in the 1990s. London is by far the largest city / urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom, more than three times larger than the next largest cities of Manchester and Birmingham. London’s forecasted population is expected to continue growing at much the same pace it has been growing since the mid-1990s and reach almost *** million by 2042. London boroughs As of 2022, the London borough with the highest population was Croydon, at approximately *******, followed by Barnet at *******. Overall, London is divided into 33 different boroughs, with London's historic center, the City of London, having by far the smallest population, at just ******. Residents of the City of London, however, have the highest average median weekly earnings among all of London's boroughs, at ***** pounds per week, compared with just *** pounds per week in Redbridge, the lowest average weekly earnings among London boroughs. While the overall unemployment rate for London was *** percent in early 2023, this ranged from *** percent in Brent, to just *** percent in Kingston upon Thames.
Economic imbalance Aside from being the UK's largest city in terms of population, London is also undoubtedly the UK's cultural, political and economic center. As of 2021, the GDP of Greater London was approximately ***** billion British pounds, just over ** percent of the UK's overall GDP. In the same year, GDP per person in London was ****** pounds compared with the UK average of ****** pounds. Additionally, productivity in London is far higher than the UK average. As measured by output per hour worked, London was **** percent more productive than the rest of the UK.

This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates

FOCUSONLONDON2010:POPULATIONANDMIGRATION

London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region.

Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase.

This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections.

Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available.

PRESENTATION:

To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com

FACTS:

• Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09:
• 1. Newham – 244.4
• 2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3
• 3. Hackney – 205.7
• 4. Waltham Forest – 202.7
• 5. Greenwich – 196.2
• ...
• 32. Havering – 116.8
• 33. City of London – 47.0
• In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966
• Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets
• In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

The five largest residential schemes approved in the stated month based on proposed residential units.

This is a list of the five largest planning permissions in terms of proposed residential units granted during the stated month, including renewal of previously approved schemes and details permissions for major schemes previously approved in outline.

This is based on the entries to the London Development Database submitted by the London Boroughs. Note that the London Boroughs are responsible for the quality of the data.

Borough data is not always submitted on time so the schemes shown are subject to change as the data are checked and missing permissions are added.

The CSV file is automatically updated on the 1st day of every month.

Open an interactive map of all LDD permissions data.

By 2047 it is expected that there will be approximately *** million men and **** million women living in London, compared with *** million men and **** million women in 2025. By 2046, the population of the United Kingdom as a whole is forecast to reach 76 million, compared with around 69 million in 2026. London’s population since 1981 Between 1981 and 1988, the population of London declined from *** million, to *** million. This period of gradual population decline was, however, followed by a sustained era of population growth, with London's population reaching *** million in 2023. There was a slight fall in London's population between 2019 and 2021, when the population declined by around 89,000. As of 2023, the largest age group in the city was that of 25 to 29-year-olds, of which there were around ******* people. London's boroughs London is currently split up into 32 boroughs, as well as the historic center of the city, the City of London. The City of London had a population of around ****** people in 2023, compared with ******* in Croydon, the London Borough with the highest population that year. London's historic center also had the highest average weekly salary in the city, at ***** pounds, compared with *** pounds in the Borough of Redbridge.

Wandsworth, Bromley, and Croydon were the boroughs with the most active housing markets in London in 2024. Throughout the year, Wandsworth recorded over ***** housing transactions. At the other end of the spectrum was the City of London, one of the priciest housing markets in London, where *** sales took place.

In 2024/25, there were ***** rough sleepers reported in Westminster, making it the London borough with the highest number of rough sleepers in that year. Other boroughs which also had a high number of homeless people included, Camden, Ealing, and Southwark.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes data on the number of live births by the mother's country of birth in England and Wales each year. Every time a birth is registered in England and Wales both parents are required to state their places of birth on their child's birth certificate, and this information is then collated to produce these statistics. In order to make it easier to look at what these data tell us about births in London, and how these have been changing over time, the GLA Demography team has extracted the data which relate to London from the main ONS dataset since 2001 and presented it here in an easily accessible format. For more information about how the ONS produces these statistics, please visit their website: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths For more information about how we extracted these data and created this report, please this project's Github repository: https://github.com/Greater-London-Authority/births_by_mothers_country_of_birth Since 2001, the number of live births being recorded in London has changed from 104,162 to 104,246 births per year. The proportion of births which were to mothers who had been born outside the UK has changed from 43% in 2001 to 59% in the most recent year (2023). In 2023, the region of origin which supplied the largest number of births to non-UK-born mothers in London was Asia with 24,004, followed by the Africa which provided 10,596. The region of origin which has seen the largest change since 2001 is the Asia, which went from 13,489 live births per year in 2001 to 24,004 in 2023. In 2023, the region with the largest number of births to non-UK-born mothers was London with 61,357 live births (59% of all live births in London). By contrast, the region with the lowest number of births to non-UK-born mothers was the Wales with 3,891 live births to non-UK-born mothers, which only represented 14% of all live births in that region. The data shows that London accounted for 33% of all the births to non-UK-born mothers in England and Wales in 2023, which was a far higher proportion than any other region. These data also highlight a couple of other interesting comparisons. Firstly, despite being the second largest region in England and Wales in terms of population, London is not the region with the largest number of births to UK-born mothers. Secondly, London is the only region to have relatively large numbers of mothers from every region of the world according to the way in which the ONS has categorised them, including Africa, non-EU European countries (such as Turkey and Russia) and the 'Rest of the World' (which includes the Americas and Oceania). The data comparing London with England & Wales excluding London and England & Wales as a whole (including London) is provided in the table below: Total Births - UK Mothers Total Births - Overseas Mothers Pre-2004 EU countries Post-2004 EU accession countries Rest of Europe Asia Africa Rest of the world Year Region No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 2023 London 42,889 41% 61,357 59% 6,505 6% 8,265 8% 5,985 6% 24,004 23% 10,596 10% 6,002 6% 2023 Rest of England & Wales 360,109 74% 126,540 26% 10,590 2% 26,464 5% 6,587 1% 49,668 10% 26,014 5% 7,217 1% 2023 England & Wales 402,998 68% 187,897 32% 17,095 3% 34,729 6% 12,572 2% 73,672 12% 36,610 6% 13,219 2% Births by Mother's Country of Birth by London Borough

UK residents by broad country of birth and citizenship groups, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey.

National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

The Royal Docks and Beckton Riverside is designated as an Opportunity Area (OA) in the London Plan and is one of the largest regeneration areas in London. Prepared jointly by the GLA, TfL, London Borough of Newham and the GLA Royal Docks Team, the Royal Docks and Beckton Riverside OAPF (‘the RD+BR OAPF’) provides a planning framework to guide emerging and ongoing development in the area, and sets the context for the proposed extension of the DLR to Thamesmead via Beckton Riverside. The RD+BR OAPF identifies the potential, with transport and connectivity improvements in place, for the OA to provide 38,600 new homes and create 55,800 new jobs. The RD+BR OAPF is guided by the Mayor’s Good Growth objectives and has been informed by engagement with stakeholders and local communities.

The documents were signed-off in Mayoral Decision 3081. The Appendix prefix to each document comes from the Mayoral Decision. The main document is Appendix A.

The latest population figures produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on 28 June 2018 show that an estimated 534,800 people live in Bradford District – an increase of 2,300 people (0.4%) since the previous year.

Bradford District is the fifth largest metropolitan district (in terms of population) in England, after Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and Manchester although the District’s population growth is lower than other major cities.

The increase in the District’s population is largely due to “natural change”- there have been around 3,300 more births than deaths, although this has been balanced by a larger number of people leaving Bradford to live in other parts of the UK than coming to live here and a lower number of international migrants. In 2016/17 the net internal migration was -2,700 and the net international migration was 1,700.

A large proportion of Bradford’s population is dominated by the younger age groups. More than one-quarter (29%) of the District’s population is aged less than 20 and nearly seven in ten people are aged less than 50. Bradford has the highest percentage of the under 16 population in England after the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, Slough Borough Council and Luton Borough Council.

The population of Bradford is ethnically diverse. The largest proportion of the district’s population (63.9%) identifies themselves as White British. The district has the largest proportion of people of Pakistani ethnic origin (20.3%) in England.

The largest religious group in Bradford is Christian (45.9% of the population). Nearly one quarter of the population (24.7%) are Muslim. Just over one fifth of the district’s population (20.7%) stated that they had no religion.

There are 216,813 households in the Bradford district. Most households own their own home (29.3% outright and 35.7% with a mortgage). The percentage of privately rented households is 18.1%. 29.6% of households were single person households.

Information from the Annual Population Survey in December 2017 found that Bradford has 228,100 people aged 16-64 in employment. At 68% this is significantly lower than the national rate (74.9%). 91,100 (around 1 in 3 people) aged 16-64, are not in work. The claimant count rate is 2.9% which is higher than the regional and national averages.

Skill levels are improving with 26.5% of 16 to 74 year olds educated to degree level. 18% of the district’s employed residents work in retail/wholesale. The percentage of people working in manufacturing has continued to decrease from 13.4% in 2009 to 11.9% in 2016. This is still higher than the average for Great Britain (8.1%).

The latest population figures produced by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on 23 June 2016 show that an estimated 531,200 people live in Bradford District – an increase of 3,000 people (0.6%) since the previous year. Bradford District is the fourth largest metropolitan district (in terms of population) in England, after Birmingham, Sheffield and Leeds although the District’s population growth is lower than other major cities. In the last year Bradford’s population has grown at a rate of 0.6% which is faster than the previous three years when the population increased by 0.3% each year. The increase in the District’s population is largely due to “natural change”- there have been around 3,500 more births than deaths, although this has been balanced by a larger number of people leaving Bradford to live in other parts of the UK than coming to live here and a lower number of international migrants. In 2014/15 the net internal migration was -2,900 and the net international migration was 2,500. A large proportion of Bradford’s population is dominated by the younger age groups. More than one-quarter (29%) of the District’s population is aged less than 20 and nearly seven in ten people are aged less than 50. Bradford has the highest percentage of the under 16 population in England after the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and Slough Borough Council. The population of Bradford is ethnically diverse. The largest proportion of the district’s population (63.9%) identifies themselves as White British. The district has the largest proportion of people of Pakistani ethnic origin (20.3%) in England. The largest religious group in Bradford is Christian (45.9% of the population). Nearly one quarter of the population (24.7%) are Muslim. Just over one fifth of the district’s population (20.7%) stated that they had no religion. There are 199, 296 households in the Bradford district. Most households own their own home (29.3% outright and 35.7% with a mortgage). The percentage of privately rented households is 18.1%. 29.6% of households were single person households. Information from the Annual Population Survey in June 2016 found that Bradford has 214,000 people aged 16-64 in employment. At 65.1% this is significantly lower than the national rate (74.0%) 111,100 (around 1 in 3 people) aged 16-64, are not in work. The claimant count rate is 2.7% which is higher than the regional and national averages. Skill levels are improving with 26.8% of 16 to 74 year olds educated to degree level. 16.1% of the district’s employed residents work in retail/wholesale. The percentage of people working in manufacturing has continued to decrease from 13.4% in 2009 to 13% in 2015. This is still higher than the average for Great Britain (8.3%)

In 2016, it was estimated that Birmingham had the largest Muslim population of any local authority in England and Wales at approximately 280 thousand people. Newham and Tower Hamlets, both boroughs of London, had the second and third-largest Muslim populations at 135 and 128 thousand respectively.

The Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area is one of the largest regeneration areas in London. Prepared jointly by the Mayor of London’s office (Greater London Authority, GLA), Transport for London (TfL), Royal Borough of Greenwich and London Borough of Bexley, the Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area Planning Framework (T&AW OAPF) supports and plans for the Mayor’s proposal to extend the DLR to Thamesmead and beyond. With transport improvements, the OAPF identifies the potential for the OA to provide over 15,000 new homes and 8,000 new jobs. More information can be found on the T&AW OAPF web page.

London Underground fares are the largest contribution to overall revenue of Transport for London (TfL). The Tube reported a passenger income of 2.5 billion British pounds in the financial year 2023/24, up from 2.2 billion reported a year earlier. Overall, TfL generated revenue worth over five billion British pounds from all the services in the financial year 2023/24. Tube transports almost 1.1 billion passengersAround 1.2 billion passenger journeys were made on the London Underground in 2023/24. Passenger numbers had dropped by 78 percent between 2019/20 and 2020/21, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023/24 passenger numbers recovered to around 88 percent of pre-pandemic figures. London's Transport StrategyAir quality has become an important topic of discussion for Londoners. With the introduction of the Ultra Low Emission Zone in the city center in 2008, residents and visitors to the capital are encouraged to use public transport, carry out their journeys cycling or on foot or switch to less polluting cars. The zone was expanded to include all London boroughs in August 2023.

Household waste generation in the United Kingdom saw a significant decrease in 2022, dropping seven percent year-on-year to **** million metric tons. A decline in waste generation was observed across all four countries. England, the largest contributor, generated **** million tons of household waste that year, or **** percent of the UK’s output. Household waste management trends In 2022, waste from households recycled in the UK amounted to approximately ** ******* metric tons, the lowest figure recorded since 2010. Although this result is partially associated with the decrease in waste generation, the UK’s household waste recycling rate also saw the lowest figure recorded in at least seven years, with an average of **** percent. England has set a target to recycle at least ** percent of its municipal waste by 2025. Regional variations in waste management While England accounts for the largest volume of household waste generated and recycled in the UK, Wales has consistently outperformed other regions in recycling efforts. In 2022, its waste from household recycling rate reached nearly ** percent, significantly higher than the UK average. In contrast, Scotland lagged with the lowest recycling rate at **** percent. Recycling rates also vary significantly within a country. In 2023, South Oxfordshire and Three Rivers district councils were the local authorities with the highest household waste recycling rates in England. In contrast, the London Borough of Tower Hamlets was the local authority with the lowest recycling rate, at **** percent.