In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Associated with manuscript titled: Fifty Muslim-majority countries have fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths than the 50 richest non-Muslim countriesThe objective of this research was to determine the difference in the total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths between Muslim-majority and non-Muslim countries, and investigate reasons for the disparities. Methods: The 50 Muslim-majority countries had more than 50.0% Muslims with an average of 87.5%. The non-Muslim country sample consisted of 50 countries with the highest GDP while omitting any Muslim-majority countries listed. The non-Muslim countries’ average percentage of Muslims was 4.7%. Data pulled on September 18, 2020 included the percentage of Muslim population per country by World Population Review15 and GDP per country, population count, and total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths by Worldometers.16 The data set was transferred via an Excel spreadsheet on September 23, 2020 and analyzed. To measure COVID-19’s incidence in the countries, three different Average Treatment Methods (ATE) were used to validate the results. Results published as a preprint at https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/84zq5(15) Muslim Majority Countries 2020 [Internet]. Walnut (CA): World Population Review. 2020- [Cited 2020 Sept 28]. Available from: http://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-majority-countries (16) Worldometers.info. Worldometer. Dover (DE): Worldometer; 2020 [cited 2020 Sept 28]. Available from: http://worldometers.info

In 2023, it was estimated that approximately ** percent of the Indonesian population were Muslim, accounting for the highest share of Muslims in any Southeast Asian country. Indonesia also has the world's largest Muslim population, with an estimated *** million Muslims. Demographics of Indonesia The total population of Indonesia was estimated to reach around *** million in 2028. The median age of the population in the country was at an all-time high in 2020 and was projected to increase continuously until the end of the century. In 2020, the population density in Indonesia reached its highest value recorded at about ***** people per square kilometer. Shopping behavior during Ramadan in Indonesia Nearly all Muslims in Indonesia celebrated Ramadan in 2022. During the month of Ramadan, ** percent of Indonesian users utilized online applications to order food. Many Indonesians planned to shop online or offline during Ramadan, with around ** percent of online users planning to purchase fashion wear and accessories. Shopee was the most used app for shopping purposes during that period.

This statistic shows the estimated number of Muslims living in different European countries as of 2016. Approximately **** million Muslims were estimated to live in France, the most of any country listed. Germany and the United Kingdom also have large muslim populations with **** million and **** million respectively.

The average for 2013 based on 128 countries was 34.3 percent. The highest value was in Algeria: 100 percent and the lowest value was in Angola: 0 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2013. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2024, Nigeria had the largest Muslim population in Africa, with around 105 million people who belonged to an Islamic denomination. Egypt and Algeria followed with 90.4 million and 39.4 million Muslims, respectively. Muslims have a significant presence in Africa, with an estimated 50 percent of the continent's population identifying as Muslim. The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th century with the arrival of Arab traders, and it continued through Islamic scholars and missionaries.

Islam is the major religion in many African countries, especially in the north of the continent. In Comoros, Libya, Western Sahara, at least 99 percent of the population was Muslim as of 202. These were the highest percentages on the continent. However, also in many other African nations, the majority of the population was Muslim. In Egypt, for instance, Islam was the religion of 79 percent of the people. Islam and other religions in Africa Africa accounts for an important share of the world’s Muslim population. As of 2019, 16 percent of the Muslims worldwide lived in Sub-Saharan Africa, while 20 percent of them lived in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Together with Christianity, Islam is the most common religious affiliation in Africa, followed by several traditional African religions. Although to a smaller extent, numerous other religions are practiced on the continent: these include Judaism, the Baha’i Faith, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Number of Muslims worldwide Islam is one of the most widespread religions in the world. There are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims globally, with the largest Muslim communities living in the Asia-Pacific region. Specifically, Indonesia hosts the highest number of Muslims worldwide, amounting to over 200 million, followed by India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Islam is also present in Europe and America. The largest Islamic communities in Europe are in France (5.72 million), Germany (4.95 million), and the United Kingdom (4.13 million). In the United States, there is an estimated number of around 3.45 million Muslims.

The average for 2013 based on 27 countries was 12.7 percent. The highest value was in Turkey: 99 percent and the lowest value was in Belarus: 0 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2013. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2024, Nigeria accounted for 7.08 percent of the global Muslim population, the highest share among African countries. Egypt and Algeria followed, with shares of 6.12 percent and 2.67 percent, respectively. Islam has a significant presence in Africa, with an estimated 50 percent of the continent's population identifying as Muslim. The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th century with the arrival of Arab traders, and later continued through Islamic scholars and missionaries.

Religion and Bangladesh

Religion in Bangladesh is a sensitive issue, mostly because Bangladesh is officially a secular state but recognizes Islam as an official, state religion. Historically and doctrinally, Islamic scholars don’t accept nations that are secular because they think that religion, society and private life are all part of the great community they like to call ‘umma’.

The main religion in Bangladesh is Islam because it is practiced by almost 90 percent of the country’s population. The rest of 10 percent adhere to Hinduism. The type of Islam that is practiced in Bangladesh is Sunni Islam with a lot of Sufi influences. Sunni is the most numerous branch of Islam in the world. Countries like Egypt and Saudi Arabia have Sunni majority populations. The Sufi practices that influence the Islamic religion in Bangladesh are commonly known as mysticism. Sufi followers are poor men that don’t eat, don’t drink and spend their days in deep prayer in order to achieve spiritual connection with God.

Bangladesh has the fourth largest Muslim population in the world, with over 130 million followers, right after Indonesia, Pakistan and India. In its constitution, Bangladesh is recognized as a secular state. For a short period of time, when Bangladesh was under Pakistani rule, Islam was made the state’s official religion. But the Supreme Court or High Court of Bangladesh ruled that Bangladesh must return to the principles of the 1972 constitution, meaning that it mustn’t have an official religion.

The problem with Islam gaining too much power in Bangladesh is that it unbalances the genders issues. Islamic edicts or fatwas have been issued mostly against women by religious courts as punishments for their nonreligious behavior. Global NGO’s are fighting such edicts in order to maintain a fair judgment when it comes to men and women. Bangladesh is a country where gender issues, as well as religious issues are very sensitive subjects.

This dataset was derived from Swivel.com at: http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/show/1011482 Which cites the CIA Fact book as the official Source. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ Data is available for 60 countries around the world, and lists the Muslim Population for each. This data was collected on January 15, 2008.

This statistic displays the projected Muslim population proportions in selected European countries in 2050, by scenario. In 2010 the proportion of Muslims in the population of Germany was *** percent, compared with *** percent in the UK and *** percent in France. Depending on the different migration scenarios estimated here, Germany's share of Muslims in the population could rise up to **** percent of it's population by 2050, higher than both the UK and France, with projected Muslim populations of **** and ** percent respectively.

As of 2021, approximately **** percent of the population in Aceh, Indonesia were Muslims. Despite being the largest Muslim-majority country, Indonesia is a multi-faith country by the constitution and officially recognizes *** religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

Religious Veils Market Outlook

The religious veils market is poised for substantial growth, with the global market size valued at approximately USD 250 million in 2023 and projected to reach nearly USD 400 million by 2032, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% during the forecast period. The increasing demand for religious veils stems from cultural, social, and religious factors, compounded by growing multicultural interactions and the rising global Muslim population, which continues to drive the market's expansion. Additionally, the influence of fashion trends adapting traditional veils into modern styles is contributing significantly to market growth.

One of the primary growth factors of the religious veils market is the increasing awareness and adherence to religious norms and practices. This awareness is particularly strong among the younger demographics in Islamic countries and communities, where wearing veils like the hijab, niqab, or burqa is not just a religious obligation but also a cultural identity. Furthermore, the influence of digital media and global communication has amplified this trend, making religious veils a symbol of empowerment and fashion among Muslim women. As more individuals embrace these garments, the demand for diverse styles and types has increased, leading to robust market growth.

Another significant factor propelling the market is the evolution of fashion within the realm of religious attire. Designers are increasingly integrating cultural and religious elements with modern fashion trends, creating diverse collections that cater to a wide array of preferences and occasions. The availability of veils in various colors, patterns, and materials not only satisfies religious requirements but also allows individuals to express their personal style. This fusion of tradition and modernity in religious veils has opened up new avenues for market expansion, as consumers are drawn to innovative and aesthetically pleasing products.

Moreover, the rise in e-commerce and online retail platforms has played a crucial role in the expansion of the religious veils market. These platforms have made it easier for consumers to access a broader range of products from different regions, allowing for a more personalized shopping experience. The convenience of online shopping, coupled with the availability of diverse options, has significantly contributed to the growth of the market. Additionally, social media platforms serve as powerful marketing tools, enabling brands to reach target audiences more effectively and promote new styles and collections.

Regionally, the Middle East and Africa hold the largest share in the religious veils market due to the predominant Muslim population and the cultural significance of veils in daily life. This region is followed by Asia Pacific, which is witnessing rapid growth due to the substantial Muslim communities in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Pakistan. North America and Europe represent emerging markets, driven by growing multicultural populations and increasing acceptance of religious diversity. As globalization continues to enhance cross-cultural exchanges, the demand for religious veils is expected to expand across various regions, further bolstering the market's growth trajectory.

Product Type Analysis

The religious veils market is segmented into various product types, including hijabs, niqabs, burqas, chadors, and others, each serving distinct religious and cultural functions. The hijab is one of the most widely worn veils, serving as a versatile headscarf that partially covers the hair and neck, leaving the face visible. Its popularity is largely due to its flexibility in design and the modern fashion industry’s embrace of the hijab as both a religious garment and a fashion accessory. This has led to a surge in demand for hijabs in a variety of colors, patterns, and fabrics, catering to a broad audience who wish to express both their religious beliefs and fashion sense.

The niqab, which covers the face except for the eyes, has a smaller but significant market segment. It is primarily worn in the Middle East, particularly in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, where it is part of the traditional dress code. However, its adoption is also noticeable in countries with significant Muslim populations in Asia and Africa. The niqab's market growth is influenced by cultural and religious adherence, as well as regional policies regarding dress codes. While the niqab’s demand is steady, it faces challenges in regions where face coverings are subject to legal

This study explores the nature and conceptualisation of mental health and well-being among Indonesians living in an urban environment. Little is known about the nature of mental health and well-being in the everyday living context in developing countries. In Indonesia, as one of the most populous countries and the largest Muslim population in the world, the incidence of mental health problems has increased immensely in the last decade. However, there is a very limited number of studies that incorporate relevant cultural contexts into the understanding of mental health and well-being in Indonesia. This study aims to elucidate the relationship of specific psychosocial factors, as protective and risk factors, to mental health and well-being in the everyday urban living contexts experienced by a growing middle class in Indonesia in the perspective of Keyes' model of mental well-being. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analysed using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological approach.

In 2020, around **** percent of the Iranian population identified as Muslim. Around ** percent identified as Shia Muslims in the same year, while a much smaller share followed the Sunni Muslim religion. In Iran, most Sunni Muslims belong to ethnic minority groups. Iran’s demographics The total population in Iran has grown steadily and is expected to surpass ** million in 2028. The vast majority of the population in the country was between 15 and 64 years of age. At the same time, the share of people aged above 64 increased in recent years and constituted over ***** percent of the total population. Muslim population worldwide In Europe, it was estimated that the Muslim population could triple by the middle of the century. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia had the largest share of Muslims as a proportion of its population. On the African continent, the highest number of Muslims was estimated in Nigeria, with close to a hundred million Islam followers. In the United States, less than one percent of the population identified as Muslims.

Islamic Financing Market Outlook

In 2023, the global Islamic financing market size was estimated to be approximately USD 2 trillion, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10% between 2024 and 2032. The market is expected to reach around USD 4.7 trillion by 2032, driven by robust growth factors including rising interest in ethical financing, increasing Muslim population, and supportive government regulations.

The growth of the Islamic financing market can largely be attributed to the increasing demand for Sharia-compliant financial instruments. As awareness about the principles and benefits of Islamic finance grows, both among Muslims and non-Muslims, the demand for ethical and interest-free financial products continues to rise. Additionally, governments in Muslim-majority countries are implementing supportive regulations and policies to promote Islamic finance, further fueling its growth. This regulatory support creates a conducive environment for the development and expansion of Islamic financial institutions and products, attracting more investors and customers.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing Muslim population worldwide. As the number of Muslims continues to rise, so does the demand for financial services that comply with Islamic law. This demographic trend is particularly noticeable in regions such as Asia Pacific and the Middle East, where a significant portion of the population adheres to Islamic principles. Financial institutions in these regions are increasingly tailoring their products and services to meet the specific needs and preferences of Muslim consumers, thereby driving market growth.

Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role in the growth of the Islamic financing market. The integration of technology in financial services, known as fintech, is transforming the way Islamic financial products are delivered and consumed. Fintech solutions are making it easier for consumers to access Islamic financial services, reducing the cost of transactions, and increasing efficiency. This technological revolution is enabling Islamic financial institutions to reach a broader audience and provide more innovative and competitive products.

As the Islamic financing market continues to grow, there is an increasing focus on the use of Muslim Ingredients in various financial products and services. These ingredients, which adhere to Islamic principles, ensure that all financial transactions are conducted in a manner that is compliant with Sharia law. This includes the prohibition of interest (riba) and the requirement for risk-sharing and ethical investment practices. By incorporating Muslim Ingredients into their offerings, financial institutions can appeal to a broader audience seeking ethical and Sharia-compliant solutions. This approach not only aligns with the values of Muslim consumers but also attracts non-Muslims interested in ethical finance, thereby expanding the market reach and potential for growth.

Regionally, the Middle East & Africa is the largest market for Islamic financing, accounting for a significant share of the global market. The region is home to several Muslim-majority countries where Islamic finance is deeply rooted in the culture and financial system. Asia Pacific is another major market, driven by large Muslim populations in countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia. North America and Europe are also witnessing growth in Islamic financing, albeit at a slower pace, as financial institutions in these regions recognize the potential of this market and begin to offer Sharia-compliant products.

Financial Instrument Analysis

The Islamic financing market is segmented by financial instruments, including Murabaha, Ijara, Mudarabah, Musharakah, Sukuk, and others. Murabaha is a cost-plus-profit financing structure where the seller discloses the cost and profit margin to the buyer. It is widely used due to its simplicity and compliance with Sharia law. In Murabaha transactions, the bank purchases an asset on behalf of the customer and then sells it to the customer at a predetermined profit margin. This structure is commonly used for trade financing, real estate, and personal financing.

Ijara is another popular Islamic financial instrument, akin to a lease agreement. In an Ijara transaction, the bank buys and leases out an asset to the customer for a fixed rental payment. The ownership of the asset remains with the bank, but the customer has the

Halal Food Certification Market Outlook

The global halal food certification market size was valued at USD 5.2 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach approximately USD 9.8 billion by 2032, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% during the forecast period. This significant growth is driven by increasing consumer awareness about halal food standards, rising Muslim population worldwide, and the expansion of the halal food market beyond traditional Muslim-majority countries.

One of the primary growth factors of the halal food certification market is the rising awareness and demand for halal products among non-Muslim consumers who perceive halal foods as being safer and of higher quality. The global Muslim population, expected to grow substantially over the coming decades, drives the core demand for halal-certified products. Additionally, globalization and increased trade are making halal-certified foods more accessible and available in a wider range of markets, further fueling growth.

Another major growth driver is the increasing government initiatives and regulations in various countries to ensure food safety and standardization. Many non-Muslim-majority countries are now incorporating halal certification standards, providing a structured framework for manufacturers and suppliers, which enhances consumer trust and drives market growth. Moreover, improvements in certification processes and technologies, such as blockchain for traceability, are improving transparency and efficiency, thus fostering market expansion.

Technological advancements and the shift towards online and e-commerce platforms are also contributing significantly to the market growth. The convenience and accessibility provided by online retailers ensure a wider reach for halal-certified products. Additionally, the digital transformation of supply chains and better logistical support have enabled manufacturers to meet international demand more effectively, contributing to the market's exponential growth.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific holds the largest market share due to its substantial Muslim population and increasing disposable-income levels, which drive the demand for halal-certified products. North America and Europe are also witnessing significant growth, driven by the increasing acceptance and demand for halal products among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers. The Middle East & Africa remains a key market with robust demand stemming from deeply rooted cultural and religious practices.

Product Type Analysis

The meat segment holds a significant share in the halal food certification market, primarily driven by high demand from Muslim consumers for halal slaughtered animals. Halal meat certification ensures adherence to religious guidelines, which include specific methods of slaughter, handling, and processing. The growing awareness and interest in halal meat by non-Muslims, who often perceive it as cleaner and healthier, further contribute to this segment's growth. The meat segment also benefits from strong demand in both traditional markets and emerging economies.

Poultry and seafood segments are also key contributors to the market. The poultry segment is particularly robust in countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Middle Eastern countries. The seafood segment is gaining traction due to its inclusion in diverse halal diets and the growing popularity of seafood as a health-conscious choice. Halal certification in these segments ensures compliance with religious and quality standards, thus attracting a broader consumer base.

Dairy products represent a rapidly growing segment within the halal food certification market. The increasing demand for halal-certified dairy products, including milk, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy-based items, is driven by both traditional markets and regions with burgeoning Muslim populations. This segment's growth is also fueled by innovations in dairy processing and the introduction of new products that meet halal certification standards, appealing to a wider audience.

Grain products, fruits, and vegetables segments also contribute significantly to the market. These products are considered halal by nature, but certification ensures they meet specific standards related to processing, handling, and contamination prevention. This certification is becoming increasingly important, particularly in regions where consumers are highly conscious of food safety and quality.

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Spain has a long history of Islamic tradition under its belt. From cuisine to architecture, the southern European country has been linked to the North of Africa through many common elements. At the end of 2023, there were approximately 2.41 million Muslims in Spain, most of them of Spanish and Moroccan nationality, with upwards of eight hundred thousand believers in both cases. With a Muslim population of more than 660,000 people, Catalonia was home to the largest Muslim community in Spain as of the same date.

The not so Catholic Spain

Believers of a religion other than Catholicism accounted for approximately 3 percent of the Spanish population, according to the most recent data. Although traditionally a Catholic country, Spain saw a decline in the number of believers over the past years. Compared to previous years, when the share of believers accounted for slightly over 70 percent of the Spanish population, the Catholic community lost ground, while still being the major religion for the foreseable future.

A Catholic majority, a practicing minority

Going to mass is no longer a thing in Spain, or so it would seem when looking at the latest statistics about the matter: 50 percent of those who consider themselves Catholics almost never attend any religious service in 2024. The numbers increased until 2019, from 55.5 percent of the population never attending religious services in 2011 to 63.1 percent in 2019. The share of population that stated to be practicing believers and go to mass every Sunday and on the most important holidays accounted for only 15.5 percent.

Halal Frozen Meals Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Halal Frozen Meals market size reached USD 13.2 billion in 2024, propelled by a robust rise in demand for convenient, Sharia-compliant food options among the expanding Muslim population worldwide. The market is exhibiting a strong growth trajectory, registering a CAGR of 7.4% during the forecast period. By 2033, the Halal Frozen Meals market is forecasted to achieve a value of USD 25.1 billion, driven by increasing consumer awareness, urbanization, and the proliferation of modern retail channels. As per our latest research, the primary growth factor is the growing preference for high-quality, ready-to-eat halal food products among time-constrained consumers, especially in urban and multicultural societies.

One of the most significant growth drivers for the Halal Frozen Meals market is the rapid expansion of the global Muslim population, which is expected to surpass 2.2 billion by 2030. This demographic shift has led to a corresponding increase in demand for halal-certified products, especially in regions such as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Europe. The rising affluence and urbanization among Muslim communities have further accelerated the adoption of convenient, ready-to-eat halal frozen meals. Additionally, non-Muslim consumers are increasingly opting for halal products, perceiving them as healthier and safer due to stringent certification processes. The growing penetration of international halal certification bodies has also enhanced consumer trust, thereby fueling market growth.

Another key factor propelling the Halal Frozen Meals market is the evolving lifestyle trends, particularly among millennials and working professionals. The fast-paced nature of modern life has led to a surge in demand for convenient meal solutions that do not compromise on quality or religious compliance. Halal frozen meals, which offer a combination of taste, nutrition, and convenience, are becoming a staple in households and foodservice establishments alike. Manufacturers are responding to this trend by introducing a diverse range of products, including snacks, appetizers, and desserts, to cater to varying consumer preferences. Furthermore, the integration of advanced freezing technologies ensures longer shelf life and maintains the nutritional integrity of these meals, making them an attractive choice for busy consumers.

The proliferation of modern retail infrastructure, particularly supermarkets, hypermarkets, and online retail channels, has significantly contributed to the growth of the Halal Frozen Meals market. These distribution channels offer greater accessibility and visibility to halal frozen products, enabling manufacturers to reach a broader consumer base. The rise of e-commerce platforms, in particular, has facilitated the penetration of halal frozen meals into previously underserved markets, including remote and non-Muslim-majority regions. Strategic partnerships between manufacturers and retailers, coupled with aggressive marketing campaigns, are further boosting product adoption. As a result, the market is witnessing an influx of new entrants and product innovations, intensifying competition and driving overall market expansion.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific remains the dominant market for halal frozen meals, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This is largely attributed to the presence of significant Muslim populations in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, as well as rising disposable incomes and urbanization. The Middle East & Africa region also represents a lucrative market, driven by high consumer awareness and strong government support for halal certification. North America and Europe are emerging as high-growth markets, fueled by increasing multiculturalism and the growing popularity of ethnic cuisines. Latin America, while still a nascent market, is expected to witness steady growth as awareness and availability of halal products improve.

Product Type Analysis