Abstract

The 2004 Georgia Agriculture Census is the first National Agricultural Census conducted in Georgia.

The necessity of conducting the agricultural census was due, on the one hand, to fundamental changes in the structure of land tenure, land use, agricultural producers and production that took place in Georgia since independence, and on the other hand to the fact that Georgia has joined the FAO Programme of Word Census of Agriculture 1996-2005. The census has been conducted by Department of Statistics under Ministry of Economic Development of Georgia with close cooperation with Ministry of Agriculture. Due to financial restrictions the census was conducted in two stages: from 25 September to 4 October 2004 in the rural area and from14 to 23 April 2005 in district centers and small towns. 5 large cities of Georgia (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Rustavi and Poti) were not covered by the census, as well as the uncontrolled territory of Abkhazia (except Kodori gorge) and Tskhinvali Region (Former South Ossetia).

Geographic coverage

The census did not cover 5 big cities of Georgia (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Rustavi, Poti) not constituting part of any district. Uncontrolled territories of Georgia were not covered as well: Abkhazia completely (except Kodori gorge), present-day Java district completely, those parts of the present-day Gori, Kareli,, Sachkhere, Oni districts which earlier were parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Area, as well as a small part of Akhalgori district (see the map of the present-day administrative and territorial division of Georgia).

Analysis unit

• Agricultural Holding and Holders

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire has the following sections: 1. Holding location 2. Holder type 3. Ownership form of the holding 4. Information about the holder 5. Household composition 6. Total area of the holding in parcels 7. Total area of the holding and its structure 8. Numbers of fruit and citrus trees 9. Numbers of vines by species 10. Livestock 11. Agricultural machinery used in the holding 12. Agricultural production used 13. Food security of the household

Abstract

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.

Survey Objectives The 2005 Georgia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: - To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Georgia; - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; - To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Georgia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Survey Content MICS questionnaires are designed in a modular fashion that can be easily customized to the needs of a country. They consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker). Other than a set of core modules, countries can select which modules they want to include in each questionnaire.

Survey Implementation The survey was carried out by the State Department of Statistics of Georgia and the National Centre for Disease Control of Georgia, with the support and assistance of UNICEF.

Technical assistance and training for the MICS surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

The survey is nationally representative and covers the whole of Georgia.

Analysis unit

Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)

De jure household members (defined as memers of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)

Women aged 15-49

Children aged 0-4

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The principal objective of the sample design was to provide current and reliable estimates on a set of indicators covering the four major areas of the World Fit for Children declaration, including promoting healthy lives; providing quality education; protecting against abuse, exploitation and violence; and combating HIV/AIDS. The population covered by the 2005 MICS is defined as the universe of all women aged 15-49 and all children aged under 5. A sample of households was selected and all women aged 15-49 identified as usual residents of these households were interviewed. In addition, the mother or the caretaker of all children aged under 5 who were usual residents of the household were also interviewed about the child.

The 2005 MICS collected data from a nationally representative sample of households, women and children. The primary focus of the 2005 MICS was to prodvide estimates of key population and health, education, child protection and HIV related indicators for the country as a whole, and for urban and rural areas separately. In additon, the sample was designed to provide estimates for each of the 11 regions for key indicators. Georgia is devided into 11 regions: Tbilisi, Kakheti, Mtskheta - Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli, Samtskhe - Javakheti, Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo, Svaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Adjara. The sample frame for this survey was based on the list of enumeration areas developed from the 2002 population census.

The primary sampling unit (PSU), the cluster for the 2005 MICS, is defined on the basis of the enumeration areas from the census frame. The minimum PSU size in Georgia is 11 households and the maximum PSU size is 188 households. The average PSU size is 70.8 households. While constructing the sampling frame the PSUs that are smaller then 30 households is merged with the neighbouring PSUs to achieve the minimum size of PSU equalling to 30 households. Although the original sample design for the Georgia MICS 2005 called for approximately 14000 households with an equal number of clusters (42) of households in each of the 11 regions, stratified into urban and rural areas, this sample design was changed to use a more complicated stratification design, with unequal numbers of clusters in each stratum. The rationale for this was for the selection to more closely follow the population distribution of the population.

The sample was selected in four stages and in the first two stages, sample design was stratified according to 11 regions, 3 settlement types (Large town, Small town, and Village), and 4 geographic strata (Valley, Foothills, Mountain, and High mountain). This stratification was applied in all regions, except the city of Tbilisi where the region is stratified according to 10 districts. In total 49 separate strata were identified. The last two stages of the sample design were for the selection of clusters and households.

First stage of sampling: The number of clusters based on sample size calculations was 467 and these were allocated to regions based on the cube root of the number of households in the region. Because the number of clusters for the Racha-Lechkumi region was small (12 clusters), it was decided to increase the number of clusters in that region by 8 for a total of 20 clusters in that region for a total of 475 clusters nationwide.

Second stage of sampling: Within each region, another level of stratification was on a combination of the following: size of settlement (large town, small town, and village) and topography (valley, foothills, mountain, and mountain). The allocation of the number of clusters for a settlement/topography stratum was based on the square root of the number of households in each stratum. Some regions did not have each of the different size settlements or topography. Also, in Tbilisi, the Rayons (districts) were used for stratification.

Third stage of sampling: Within each stratum, clusters were selected with probability proportional to population size (PPS).

Fourth stage of sampling: Within each cluster, 30 households were systematically selected, resulting with 14,250 households.

The Georgia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey sample is not self-weighted. The basic weighting of the data has been done using the inverse of the probability of selection of each household.

Following standard MICS data collection rules, if a household was actually more than one household when visited, then a) if the selected household contained two households, both were interviewed, or b) if the selected household contained 3 or more households, then only the household of the person named as the head was interviewd.

No replacement of households was permitted in case of non-response or non-contactable households. Adjustments were made to the sampling weights to correct for non-response, according to MICS standard procedures.

The sampling procedures are more fully described in the sampling design document and the sampling appendix of the final report.

Sampling deviation

No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All sample enumeration areas were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the Georgia MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS3 Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, relationship, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire includes household listing, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child labour, child discipline, disability, and salt iodization.

In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or caretaker of the child.

The women's questionnaire includes child mortality, maternal and newborn health, marriage and union, contraception, attitudes towards domestic violence, HIV knowledge, cigarette smoking, and hemoglobin test.

The children's questionnaire includes birth registration and early learning, child development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunization*, and anthropometry.

The questionnaires are based on the MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English and Russian versions, the questionnaires were translated into Georgian and were pre-tested in Tbilisi and in Mtskheta-Mtianeti during September 2005. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the

A dataset listing Georgia zip codes by population for 2024.

Abstract

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at https://www.fao.org/measuring-hunger/en.

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing eight questions. Two indicators can be computed: 1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2), 2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the downloads tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

Non-institutionalized adult population (15 years of age or older) living in households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

With some exceptions, all samples are probability based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas, and the sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalized, aged 15 and older population. For more details on the overall sampling and data collection methodology, see the World poll methodology attached as a resource in the downloads tab. Specific sampling details for each country are also attached as technical documents in the downloads tab. Exclusions: South Ossetia and Abkhazia were not included for the safety of the interviewers. In addition, very remote mountainous villages or with less than 100 inhabitants were also excluded. The excluded area represents approximately 8% of the population. Design effect: 1.46

Mode of data collection

Face-to-Face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates

The margin of error is estimated as 3.7 percentage points. By adding and subtracting this value to the result, the confidence interval at 95% level is obtained. The margin of error was calculated assuming a reported outcome of 50% (giving the maximum sampling variability for that sample size) and takes into account the design effect.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers Georgia.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Georgia covers national population aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling universe included the adult population of Georgia residing in both rural and urban areas, excluding the conflict zones of Abkhazia and Ossetia. Military bases and prisons were also not included. In addition, some villages near the regional city of Gori and Zugdidi that are still under occupation by Russian troops were not included in the sampling. The sample design involved a fivestage random cluster sampling. The sampling frame design is based on the 2002 census information.

In this sampling design the sampling units were:

1) Regions and individual cities (Tbilisi and other principal cities) 2) Towns and villages (primary sampling units, PSUs) 3) Districts in cities, towns, and villages in rural areas (sampling points, SPs) 4) Household (by household we mean a group of individuals who live under the same roof and use the same kitchen for cooking) 5) Randomly selected adult members of households At the first stage, the number of respondents was allocated by probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) method. Likewise, at the second and third stages PSUs and SPs were selected by the probability proportional to the unit size (PPS) method. Households were selected via a random route technique and respondents at the household level were selected via the next-birthday technique:

Stage 1 - Primary sampling units At the first stage of the sampling design Georgia was divided into 11 regions; the division being based on the official administrative and geographic regions of the country.

 1 Tbilisi 
 2 Kakheti 
 3 Shida Kartli 
 4 Kvemo Kartli 
 5 Samtskhe Javakheti 
 6 Ajara 
 7 Guria 
 8 Samegrelo 
 9 Imereti & Svaneti 
10 Mtskheta Mtianeti 
11 Racha 

Each region was stratified according to three criteria:

 a) Large cities over 45,000 individuals - There are seven large cities in Georgia including the capital. All of them will be included in the sampling frame and are regarded as having been selfrepresentative cities or PSUs. 
 b) Other cities and towns with populations of less than 45,000 
 c) Rural settlements The number of interviews in all 10 regions was allocated proportional to the size of the adult population in each region. 

Stage 2 - Selection of PSUs In this stage the PSUs are equivalent to rayons- there are a total of 59 rayons (PSUs) in Georgia (excluding Abkhazia and Ossetia). The final sample covered 24 PSUs; this included seven self-representative PSUs were also included in this number. Due to the security reasons, areas close to Ossetian (town of Akhalgori, which was and continues to be under by Russian troops and the buffer zone areas), as well as the town Zugdidi (villages and small towns surrounding town of Zugdidi) were excluded from the sampling framework. Stage 3 - Selection of sampling points (SPs) In urban areas the SPs were census districts whereas in rural areas an entire village was considered as an SP. There are total of 16,582 registered census districts in Georgia and for each one, information existed as to its location/address and the size of the adult population. In the pre-selected PSUs (according to PPS), the number of SPs were determined and per each selected SP around 10 interviews were completed. Rural areas villages are considered as a separate SP and from the list of villages, (this list contains information on the number of adult population per village), and the SPs was selected by PPS. The achieved sampling framework consisted of 188 randomly selected (via PPS) SPs Stage 4 - Selection of households Selection of households was conducted by the application of a random route technique. For each one, SP starting points were identified and given to supervisors who then instructed interviewers as to how sampling mechanism was to be completed. Interviewers were then instructed to make up to two call backs if the original respondent was not available at the time of the initial contact.

Remarks about sampling:

The interviewer was given a route map in which a starting point for each sample point was accurately indicated. Every interviewer was then expected to have conducted no less than 10 interviews for urban SP and 5 among rural sampling points. The choice of starting points for all SP was made by the project manager or supervisor and was not left to the interviewers discretion. The STARTING POINT may be any point along the route, including day care establishments, schools, hospitals, administration buildings, or the beginning or end of a street (the starting point was indicated on the route map beforehand). If the starting point was the beginning of a street, it is necessary to keep to one side of the street (right or left). If a crossroad is met during the route, it is necessary to turn at this juncture and stay to the same side of the route until an appropriate respondent was chosen (i.e. if the left side is chosen, it was necessary to keep to the left side of the crossroad). If the required number of appropriate respondents was not found and the street ended, the interviewer should than have turned to the other side of the street and continued to the left handed side of the street. If the starting point had been a multi-storied building, the interviewer should have proceeded to the top floor and knocked at the door of the apartment on the side of which he followed during the route. It was not possible skipped any apartment until the appropriate respondent was found. After the interview with the appropriate respondent was completed the interviewer was to have followed the route and selected every fifth apartment. The interviewer followed this method after a successful interview was completed. In other cases s/he should have visited the next apartment until an interview was completed. If the interviewer were meeting private houses/plots on the sampling route, he should follow the instructions as indicated above and to have visited every fifth household. Interviews were held only in buildings that contained residences. Exceptions were those buildings (private hospitals, shops, restaurants, etc.), where one or more families permanently resided. The interviewer must allowed the supervisor to have been informed of and coordinated with him any changes that were concerned with the route that occurred during the fieldwork.

The sample size for Georgia is N=1500 and includes the national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Length of interviews - Report each instrument separately - Report quartiles and interquartile range as well as median and mean Issues with survey instrument - Problems with particular questions - -for each question why was this problematic - Problems with length No serious problem that could cause the quality of the interviewing process was encountered either during the interviewing or due to the length of the surveys.

Response rate

Reason Cases No one at home 2146 Refusal from the family member 343 Refusal from the respondent 243 Respondents could not communicate (health related problems, language related problems, etc) 31 Respondent was not at home 311 Respondent is out of home during duration of the fieldwork 48 Termination of interview 0 Completed interview 1500

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,6%

Abstract

The Georgia Tobacco Survey (GTS) is a panel survery that collects data from smokers (and former smokers in follow-up waves) on tobacco usage in the Eastern European country of Georgia. The survey covers five regions within Georgia (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Akhaltsikhe and Gori) and consists of three waves: GTS 2017 (wave 1), GTS 2018 (wave 2) and GTS 2019 (wave3). Wave 1 was conducted in November 2017 as a response to the passing of a new tobacco contral law in 2017. Wave 2 was conducted in December 2018 after the tobacco control law was enacted in May 2018. Wave 3 was conducted in May 2019 following an increase in cigarette excise tax in January 2019. Tobacco taxes are critical in reducing tobacco consumption and thereby improving public health. However, the tobacco industry claims that a tax increase will increase the size of the illicit tobacco market. Therefore, the GTS can be used to assess the extent of the illicit tobacco market in the country.

Geographic coverage

The survey has national coverage, although it is worth noting that data was collected in 5 of Georgia's 12 regions (Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Akhaltsikhe and Gori). These five regions represented 41.2% of the total Georgian population and were chosen based on geographical diversity and/or likely illicit trade hot spots given their proximity to borders.

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The Georgia Tobacco Survey covers all adults in households (aged 18 and older).

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sampling began with urban and rural stratification, followed by the selection of primary sampling units (census units in urban strata and villages in rural strata) proportional to population size. Secondary sampling units (households) were then selected using the 'random step method'. If no smokers resided in the selected household, a short general survey was administered to the first adult person answering the door. If the household had a smoker, all smokers were listed and one was randomly selected for the interview. If the selected respondent refused or was not home during any of the three interview attempts, another smoking resident was selected. If no smoking residents were available for interview, the household was recorded as 'non-responding' and the interviewer walked past five households on average (the number varied slightly for urban and rural strata) and selected a replacement household.

Surveyors completed 2997 interviews in wave 1. Of those, 1765 people were successfully re-interviewed in wave 2. These were supplemented with new households (also selected using the 'random step method') which brought the total people interviewed in wave 2 to 3040. In wave 3, there were 1578 people interviewed in both waves 1 and 2 (our panel), 240 people interviewed in wave 1 but not in wave 2, 1036 people only interviewed in wave 2, and 335 people added in wave 3 for the first time. As such, there were 3189 people interviewed in wave 3. For quality control, an independent controller crosschecked a randomly selected 10% of completed interviews in each wave and no major errors were identified.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The surveys conducted in all three waves were similar in format, with a few extra questions added in wave 3 to determine any behavioural changes resulting from the new law and tax increase.

Cleaning operations

The data received by DataFirst had been cleaned, merged, and processed for analysis before arriving at DataFirst. Further to this, significant data cleaning was undertken by DataFirst. DataFirst cleaned unreadable characters, empty variables and redundant variables out of the data. The data was also anonymised. The syntax files for all of this cleaning is available with the data. Additionally, significant cleaning of the geographic variables was necessary (see data quality notes).

Response rate

The total attrition in our panel was 52.6% with attrition varying significantly by region. The highest rate was in Tbilisi (62.7%) followed by Kutaisi (52.2%), Akhaltsikhe (47.4%), Gori (31.9%) and Zugdidi (27.4%). Within each region, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of attrition by gender, employment, the probability of showing a pack or the probability of owning an illicit pack. Given the attrition patterns, the analysis was done by region wherever possible.

Data appraisal

There are a few data quality issues at present:

Time: In the current version 1, there are no usable time variables from any of the waves. There are time variables in wave 1 but it is not clear the units these are measured in - they do not correspond to the usual epoch values one would expect.

Geographic: The locational information was not asked consistently in the questionnaires and the resulting data required some fixing. In urban settings, respondents tended to provide region, city, and city district, whereas in rural areas they provided region, district and village. Furhter, for anonymization village had to be redacted. As such, in urban settings there are 3 geographic levels in the cleaned data but only 2 for rural. Each unique case was also checked on the map and inconsistencies were attempted to be fixed. In some cases inconsistent were unfixable and were then left unchaged.

Weight: At present it is not clear what population totals the weights are calibrated to, or what the data represent when weighted.