Mexico is the country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers in the world. As of 2024, 132.5 million people in Mexico spoke Spanish with a native command of the language. Colombia was the nation with the second-highest number of native Spanish speakers, at around 52.7 million. Spain came in third, with 48 million, and Argentina fourth, with 46 million. Spanish, a world language As of 2023, Spanish ranked as the fourth most spoken language in the world, only behind English, Chinese, and Hindi, with over half a billion speakers. Spanish is the official language of over 20 countries, the majority on the American continent, nonetheless, it's also one of the official languages of Equatorial Guinea in Africa. Other countries have a strong influence, like the United States, Morocco, or Brazil, countries included in the list of non-Hispanic countries with the highest number of Spanish speakers. The second most spoken language in the U.S. In the most recent data, Spanish ranked as the language, other than English, with the highest number of speakers, with 12 times more speakers as the second place. Which comes to no surprise following the long history of migrations from Latin American countries to the Northern country. Moreover, only during the fiscal year 2022. 5 out of the top 10 countries of origin of naturalized people in the U.S. came from Spanish-speaking countries.

Based on land area, Brazil is the largest country in Latin America by far, with a total area of over 8.5 million square kilometers. Argentina follows with almost 2.8 million square kilometers. Cuba, whose surface area extends over almost 111,000 square kilometers, is the Caribbean country with the largest territory.

Brazil: a country with a lot to offer

Brazil's borders reach nearly half of the South American subcontinent, making it the fifth-largest country in the world and the third-largest country in the Western Hemisphere. Along with its landmass, Brazil also boasts the largest population and economy in the region. Although Brasília is the capital, the most significant portion of the country's population is concentrated along its coastline in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

South America: a region of extreme geographic variation

With the Andes mountain range in the West, the Amazon Rainforest in the East, the Equator in the North, and Cape Horn as the Southern-most continental tip, South America has some of the most diverse climatic and ecological terrains in the world. At its core, its biodiversity can largely be attributed to the Amazon, the world's largest tropical rainforest, and the Amazon river, the world's largest river. However, with this incredible wealth of ecology also comes great responsibility. In the past decade, roughly 80,000 square kilometers of the Brazilian Amazon were destroyed. And, as of late 2019, there were at least 1,000 threatened species in Brazil alone.

The United States is the non-hispanic country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers in the world, with approximately 41.89 million people with a native command of the language in 2024. However, the European Union had the largest group of non-native speakers with limited proficiency of Spanish, at around 28 million people. Furthermore, Mexico is the country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers in the world as of 2024.

The statistic shows the largest countries in South America, based on land area. Brazil is the largest country by far, with a total area of over 8.5 million square kilometers, followed by Argentina, with almost 2.8 million square kilometers.

In 2023, California had the highest Hispanic population in the United States, with over 15.76 million people claiming Hispanic heritage. Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois rounded out the top five states for Hispanic residents in that year. History of Hispanic people Hispanic people are those whose heritage stems from a former Spanish colony. The Spanish Empire colonized most of Central and Latin America in the 15th century, which began when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492. The Spanish Empire expanded its territory throughout Central America and South America, but the colonization of the United States did not include the Northeastern part of the United States. Despite the number of Hispanic people living in the United States having increased, the median income of Hispanic households has fluctuated slightly since 1990. Hispanic population in the United States Hispanic people are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, making Spanish the second most common language spoken in the country. In 2021, about one-fifth of Hispanic households in the United States made between 50,000 to 74,999 U.S. dollars. The unemployment rate of Hispanic Americans has fluctuated significantly since 1990, but has been on the decline since 2010, with the exception of 2020 and 2021, due to the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Our Spanish language datasets are carefully compiled and annotated by language and linguistic experts; you can find them available for licensing:

1. Spanish Monolingual Dictionary Data
2. Spanish Bilingual Dictionary Data
3. Spanish Sentences Data
4. Synonyms and Antonyms Data
5. Audio Data
6. Word list Data

Key Features (approximate numbers):

1. Spanish Monolingual Dictionary Data

Our Spanish monolingual reliably offers clear definitions and examples, a large volume of headwords, and comprehensive coverage of the Spanish language.

• Headwords: 73,000
• Senses: 123,000
• Sentence examples: 104,000
• Format: XML and JSON formats
• Delivery: Email (link-based file sharing) and REST API
• Updated frequency: annually

1. Spanish Bilingual Dictionary Data

The bilingual data provides translations in both directions, from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English. It is annually reviewed and updated by our in-house team of language experts. Offers significant coverage of the language, providing a large volume of translated words of excellent quality.

• Translations: 221,300
• Senses: 103,500
• Example sentences: 74,500
• Example translations: 83,800
• Format: XML and JSON formats
• Delivery: Email (link-based file sharing) and REST API
• Updated frequency: annually

1. Spanish Sentences Data

Spanish sentences retrieved from the corpus are ideal for NLP model training, presenting approximately 20 million words. The sentences provide a great coverage of Spanish-speaking countries and are accordingly tagged to a particular country or dialect.

• Sentences volume: 1,840,000
• Format: XML and JSON format
• Delivery: Email (link-based file sharing) and REST API

1. Spanish Synonyms and Antonyms Data

This Spanish language dataset offers a rich collection of synonyms and antonyms, accompanied by detailed definitions and part-of-speech (POS) annotations, making it a comprehensive resource for building linguistically aware AI systems and language technologies.

• Synonyms: 127,700
• Antonyms: 9,500
• Format: XML format
• Delivery: Email (link-based file sharing)
• Updated frequency: annually

1. Spanish Audio Data (word-level)

Curated word-level audio data for the Spanish language, which covers all varieties of world Spanish, providing rich dialectal diversity in the Spanish language.

• Audio files: 20,900
• Format: XLSX (for index), MP3 and WAV (audio files)

1. Spanish Word List Data

This language data contains a carefully curated and comprehensive list of 450,000 Spanish words.

• Wordforms: 450,000
• Format: CSV and TXT formats
• Delivery: Email (link-based file sharing)

Use Cases:

We consistently work with our clients on new use cases as language technology continues to evolve. These include NLP applications, TTS, dictionary display tools, games, translation, word embedding, and word sense disambiguation (WSD).

If you have a specific use case in mind that isn't listed here, we’d be happy to explore it with you. Don’t hesitate to get in touch with us at Oxford.Languages@oup.com to start the conversation.

Pricing:

Oxford Languages offers flexible pricing based on use case and delivery format. Our datasets are licensed via term-based IP agreements and tiered pricing for API-delivered data. Whether you’re integrating into a product, training an LLM, or building custom NLP solutions, we tailor licensing to your specific needs.

Contact our team or email us at Oxford.Languages@oup.com to explore pricing options and discover how our language data can support your goals.

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants’ countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one’s children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA’s predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain.

Estadística de Migraciones y Cambios de Residencia: Immigration from abroad by year, gender, age (major groups), country of birth and nationality (Spanish/foreign). Annual. National.

Censo de Población: Population by gender, nationality (Spanish/foreign) and country of birth (province capitals and main cities). Annual. National.

In 2025, approximately 23 million people lived in the São Paulo metropolitan area, making it the biggest in Latin America and the Caribbean and the sixth most populated in the world. The homonymous state of São Paulo was also the most populous federal entity in the country. The second place for the region was Mexico City with 22.75 million inhabitants. Brazil's cities Brazil is home to two large metropolises, only counting the population within the city limits, São Paulo had approximately 11.45 million inhabitants, and Rio de Janeiro around 6.21 million inhabitants. It also contains a number of smaller, but well known cities such as Brasília, Salvador, Belo Horizonte and many others, which report between 2 and 3 million inhabitants each. As a result, the country's population is primarily urban, with nearly 88 percent of inhabitants living in cities. Mexico City Mexico City's metropolitan area ranks sevenths in the ranking of most populated cities in the world. Founded over the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in 1521 after the Spanish conquest as the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the city still stands as one of the most important in Latin America. Nevertheless, the preeminent economic, political, and cultural position of Mexico City has not prevented the metropolis from suffering the problems affecting the rest of the country, namely, inequality and violence. Only in 2023, the city registered a crime incidence of 52,723 reported cases for every 100,000 inhabitants and around 24 percent of the population lived under the poverty line.

The United States is the country with the largest number of Spanish language students, at approximately 8.59 million people in 2024. The second country is Brazil, with around 4.05 million students of the Spanish language. Moreover, the United States is also the non-hispanic country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers in the world.

Spain's total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$451.30 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Spain's main import partners were: Germany, China and France. The top three import commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Vehicles other than railway, tramway and Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers. Total Exports were valued at US$403.70 Billion. In 2024, Spain had a trade deficit of US$47.60 Billion.

In Spain in 2022, a majority (38.2 percent) of factories in the organic plant-based sector dealt with fruit and vegetable processing. "Beverages" and "vegetable fats and oils" followed, each constituting less than twenty percent of the market. The organic food industry in Spain generates more than two billion euros annually, but it is still smaller than other European countries, such as Germany or France. Organic food: a growing industry Organic foods are gaining ground in the food industry around the world. Although Spain is not an exception, the organic sector still has a relatively minor role in the food industry compared to other European countries. New trends in healthy food are the main reason why it is currently experiencing an increase in consumer appeal. For example, plant-based drinks are one of the most popular organic products, largely due to the digestion problems caused by milk consumption. In fact, the plant-based beverage consumption in Spain amounted to more than 240 million kiloliters in 2022. Among milk substitutes, the most popular is soy milk, consumed daily by 20 percent of those who purchase the beverage.Ecoveritas is the leading retailer of Spanish organic food, with over 30 stores around the country. This supermarket chain saw revenues of more than 88 million euros in Spain in 2021. Spain: leading European country in organic agriculture Spain is one of the leading countries worldwide in organic agriculture, even though the organic food market is less established. Furthermore, Spain is in the top-ten of countries with the most organic farmland worldwide. Cereals and olive groves are the most popular crops in organic agriculture in Spain, both with more than 200 thousand hectares, twenty times the area of Barcelona.

Introduction

Welcome to the Hispanic Child Faces Dataset, meticulously curated to enhance face recognition models and support the development of advanced biometric identification systems, child identification models, and other facial recognition technologies.

Facial Image Data

This dataset comprises over 3,000 child image sets, divided into participant-wise sets with each set including:

Diversity and Representation

The dataset includes contributions from a diverse network of children across Hispanic countries:

Quality and Conditions

To ensure high utility and robustness, all images are captured under varying conditions:

Metadata

Each facial image set is accompanied by detailed metadata for each participant, including:

This metadata is essential for training models that can accurately recognize and identify children's faces across different demographics and conditions.

Usage and Applications

This facial image dataset is ideal for various applications in the field of computer vision, including but not limited to:

Secure and Ethical Collection

Updates

Instagram is increasing its popularity in Spain. In 2022, this platform reached 23.8 million accounts in the country, more than three times the amount reported in 2015 despite a small decline since the previous year. The impact and appeal of this photo and video sharing social networking platform impressive as over 35 percent of Spanish users stated that they access Instagram multiple times per day.

Which countries have the most Instagram users?

This increase goes on par with the growth in Instagram users experienced worldwide, especially among highly populated countries such as India, Indonesia or Brazil. Even though the Iberian country does not fall into the same category, Spain reports having one of the largest Instagram audience sizes in the world, very close to those of Argentina or South Korea.

The new paradise for influencers

Given the widespread acceptance of the platform, Instagram has become a key part of the country's media landscape. International stars, particularly singers and footballers, comprise the most-followed Instagram accounts in Spain, and many Spanish accounts are also followed internationally, such as the soccer team Real Madrid. In addition to attracting traditional advertisers, Instagram’s popularity gives rise to a number of influencers, people who use the platform to generate and spread their own content professionally. This group includes so-called “mega-influencers”, those with over a million followers, demonstrating the power of the platform in capturing viewers.

As of 2023, around 37.99 million people of Mexican descent were living in the United States - the largest of any Hispanic group. Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Cubans, and Dominicans rounded out the top five Hispanic groups living in the U.S. in that year.

In 2025, there were around 1.53 billion people worldwide who spoke English either natively or as a second language, slightly more than the 1.18 billion Mandarin Chinese speakers at the time of survey. Hindi and Spanish accounted for the third and fourth most widespread languages that year. Languages in the United States The United States does not have an official language, but the country uses English, specifically American English, for legislation, regulation, and other official pronouncements. The United States is a land of immigration, and the languages spoken in the United States vary as a result of the multicultural population. The second most common language spoken in the United States is Spanish or Spanish Creole, which over than 43 million people spoke at home in 2023. There were also 3.5 million Chinese speakers (including both Mandarin and Cantonese),1.8 million Tagalog speakers, and 1.57 million Vietnamese speakers counted in the United States that year. Different languages at home The percentage of people in the United States speaking a language other than English at home varies from state to state. The state with the highest percentage of population speaking a language other than English is California. About 45 percent of its population was speaking a language other than English at home in 2023.

In 2022, around 48.59 percent of New Mexico's population was of Hispanic origin, compared to the national percentage of 19.45. California, Texas, and Arizona also registered shares over 30 percent. The distribution of the U.S. population by ethnicity can be accessed here.

In 2020, about 93.8 percent of the Mexican population was monolingual in Spanish. Around five percent spoke a combination of Spanish and indigenous languages. Spanish is the third-most spoken native language worldwide, after Mandarin Chinese and Hindi.

Mexican Spanish

Spanish was first being used in Mexico in the 16th century, at the time of Spanish colonization during the Conquest campaigns of what is now Mexico and the Caribbean. As of 2018, Mexico is the country with the largest number of native Spanish speakers worldwide. Mexican Spanish is influenced by English and Nahuatl, and has about 120 million users. The Mexican government uses Spanish in the majority of its proceedings, however it recognizes 68 national languages, 63 of which are indigenous.

Indigenous languages spoken

Of the indigenous languages spoken, two of the most widely used are Nahuatl and Maya. Due to a history of marginalization of indigenous groups, most indigenous languages are endangered, and many linguists warn they might cease to be used after a span of just a few decades. In recent years, legislative attempts such as the San Andréas Accords have been made to protect indigenous groups, who make up about 25 million of Mexico’s 125 million total inhabitants, though the efficacy of such measures is yet to be seen.

In 2023, it was estimated that approximately 664 million people lived in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazil is the most populated country in the region, with an estimated 216.4 million inhabitants in that year, followed by Mexico with more than 128.5 million.