As of 2023, the discount online stockbroker in the United States with the most brokerage accounts was Fidelity, who recorded around **** million accounts. Of the solely online platforms, the largest was Robinhood, in third place with ** million accounts. Note that, according to the source, not all brokers disclose the number of accounts they have, meaning that some of these figures are 'guesstimates'.

As of 2021, the largest stock brokerage firm in the United States was Fidelity, with around 10.4 trillion U.S. dollars in assets under management (AUM). A large portion of this is due to the company's position as one of the largest 401(k) retirement account providers in the U.S. Accordingly - and as is the case with most firms on this list - the AUM reported does not only relate to the firm's stock broking activities, but also other investment management functions.

Online stock brokerages continue to generate steady growth, as the proliferation of digital technology coincided with broader economic stabilization that incentivized investors to leave traditional brokers and started trading online. Despite the pandemic-induced recession, brokers endured revenue growth as more investors made trades amid market volatility. Lower discretionary spending fueled a temporary spike in the personal savings rate and led to a rise in young investors through online brokerages, causing total trading volume and internet traffic to skyrocket. In recent years, growth has been curtailed by the effects of high inflation, which cut consumers' propensity to invest. Nonetheless, the continued growth in equity markets, such as the S&P 500, fueled strong broker success, with revenue rising at a CAGR of 2.3% to an estimated $12.3 billion through the end of 2024, including an estimated 2.9% boost in 2024. Stabilizing operational costs and trading volumes have also cemented brokers’ profit margin. While online brokerage services were growing, players sought to expand their offerings to gain new customers and sway existing traders from other firms. In doing so, firms ramped up merger and acquisition (M&A) activity to offer advanced trading platforms and the ability to trade a diversified list of securities. One of the major acquisitions in the current period was Charles Schwab Corporation acquiring TD Ameritrade. Companies also engaged in heavy price competition to acquire new customers. Moving forward, online stock brokers are expected to continue growing, as the expected stabilization of global economic conditions will dampen market volatility. The economic recovery will allow consumers greater flexibility in online trading while the stock market grows in value and uncertain conditions wane. Brokerages will continue to innovate their platforms via provision of new trading capabilities like fractional investing, while higher engagement in price competition aiming to gain and retain customers. At the same time, expected growth in internet traffic volume and the S&P 500 will serve as good accelerants for demand for online brokerage. Over the next five years, revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.1% to an estimated $15.8 billion.

The US Securities Brokerage Market report segments the industry into By Type (Derivatives & Commodities Brokerage, Stock Exchanges, Bonds Brokerage, Equities Brokerage, Other Types), By Mode (Online, Offline), and By Type of Establishment (Exclusive Brokers, Banks, Investment Firms, Other Types of Establishments). Get five years of historical data alongside five-year market forecasts.

Over the five years through 2024-25, revenue has rocketed at a compound annual rate of 14.5% to £2.3 billion. The Online Stock Brokerages industry has gained users quickly, as many investors left their brokers and started trading online. The online space offered a quick and easy way for less knowledgeable people to start investing and experienced traders to get real-time updates. Recovered incomes, volatile stock markets, an increasing number of mobile connections and a growing appetite for online stock trading have fuelled revenue growth. The online stock brokerage industry experienced a rapid upward shift in revenue during the 2020-21 market volatility caused by the pandemic, rewarding commission-free platforms like Trading212. The sector managed to capitalise on surging and declining phases. Innovations became critical, with brokerages like Trading212, FreeTrade and eToro introducing attractive features to win over customers, like replicating other trade moves. Despite the sector's vulnerability during the sharp sink of Bitcoin in 2022, its subsequent rebound in 2024-25 brought renewed prospects. Offering stocks and shares ISAs and SIPPs helped certain brokerages attract more tax-savvy customers. Simultaneously, intense price competition saw various platforms reduce their commissions to lure new users, leading to a climb in revenue of 7.7% in 2024-25. Over the five years through 2029-30, revenue is set to push up at a compound annual rate of 7.9% to £3.3 billion. Investor uncertainty will weaken as macro-headwinds subside and stock markets worldwide stabilise. The value of UK and US stock markets is forecast to strengthen, enticing traders to online platforms. As UK business profits recover due to stability, businesses can manage costs efficiently, leading to increased returns and more trade commissions for online stock brokers. The brokerage industry faces fierce price competition, with companies reducing commissions to attract and retain users alongside developing novel product offerings, like AI insights and advice, ISAs, extended trading hour products and tight cybersecurity. The average profit margin is expected to improve as industry entrants, including eToro (UK) Ltd, become profitable after years of significant losses resulting from investing heavily in R&D and marketing to attract users.

The US Securities Brokerage Market, a significant component of the global financial landscape, is projected to experience robust growth over the forecast period (2025-2033). The market, valued at approximately $196.99 billion in 2025, is anticipated to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.23%. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Increased retail investor participation, driven by technological advancements and easier access to trading platforms, is a major driver. The rise of mobile trading apps and zero-commission brokerage services has significantly democratized investing, attracting a broader range of demographics. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of algorithmic trading and high-frequency trading strategies by institutional investors contributes to market expansion. Growth in the online brokerage segment is expected to outpace offline channels as digital adoption continues to accelerate. While regulatory changes and market volatility pose potential challenges, the overall outlook remains positive, with significant opportunities for established players and new entrants alike. The market segmentation reveals a dynamic landscape. Online brokerage is the fastest-growing segment, capturing a significant portion of the market share. Amongst establishment types, banks and investment firms hold substantial market presence, leveraging their existing customer base and financial expertise. However, exclusive brokers continue to thrive by offering specialized services and personalized investment advice. The geographic distribution of the market shows a strong concentration in North America, particularly the United States, which accounts for the lion's share of market revenue. However, other regions, especially Asia-Pacific, driven by expanding economies and burgeoning middle classes, are also demonstrating considerable growth potential. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established giants like Fidelity, Charles Schwab, and E-Trade, alongside innovative disruptors like Robinhood and Webull. Competition is intense, with firms focusing on technological advancements, enhanced customer experience, and diversified product offerings to maintain a competitive edge. Recent developments include: February 2023: Fidelity Investments, one of the world's leading global fixed-income investment managers, announced the launch of the Fidelity Municipal Core Plus Bond Fund (FMBAX), adding to Fidelity's diverse lineup of active fixed-income strategies reaching across the risk spectrum. The fund, which allows Fidelity to participate in a fast-growing subset within the municipal bond space, is available commission-free and with no investment minimum to individual investors and financial advisors through Fidelity's online brokerage platforms., February 2023: Robinhood aims to buy back Bankman Fried's 7% stake. Robinhood says its board has given the green light to a plan to buy FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried's seven percent stake in the stock trading app.. Notable trends are: Securities Brokerage is the leading Revenue generating in US Market.

United States Securities Brokerage Market was valued at USD 201.07 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 252.58 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 3.93% during the forecast period.

The online brokerage market for stock trading is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing digital adoption, particularly among retail investors. The market, estimated at $150 billion in 2025, is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors: the accessibility and convenience of online platforms, the rise of mobile trading, and the increasing popularity of fractional share trading and commission-free models. Furthermore, the growing interest in fintech innovation and the expansion of investment options beyond traditional stocks, such as cryptocurrencies and ETFs, are contributing to the market's dynamism. The segment breakdown reveals a significant contribution from retail investors, alongside a steadily growing institutional investor segment leveraging online platforms for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Cloud-based solutions dominate the market due to their scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to on-premises solutions. Geographic analysis indicates that North America currently holds the largest market share, with substantial growth potential in emerging markets like Asia Pacific and parts of Africa. However, regulatory uncertainties and cybersecurity concerns present challenges that need to be addressed to sustain this impressive growth trajectory. The competitive landscape is highly fragmented, with both established players like Fidelity, Charles Schwab, and TD Ameritrade, and newer entrants such as Robinhood and various crypto-focused brokers, vying for market share. Differentiation strategies are crucial, encompassing factors such as trading fees, platform usability, investment product diversity, research tools, customer support, and regulatory compliance. The sustained growth is expected to attract further investment and innovation in the sector, potentially leading to mergers and acquisitions and an evolution in service offerings to cater to the evolving demands of a sophisticated and increasingly diverse investor base. The ongoing technological advancements in AI-driven trading algorithms and personalized investment advice will significantly shape the future of the online brokerage industry. While market expansion is significant, the industry faces the constant need to adapt to changing regulatory landscapes and investor preferences to maintain a competitive edge.

Online Brokers for Stock Trading Market Outlook

The global market size for online brokers for stock trading was valued at USD 14.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 35.6 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 10.2% from 2024 to 2032. The substantial growth in this market is primarily driven by the increased adoption of online trading platforms among retail and institutional investors. Factors such as technological advancements, greater accessibility to financial markets, and the proliferation of internet and mobile device usage have significantly contributed to this market's expansion.

One of the primary growth factors in the online brokers for stock trading market is the technological advancement in trading platforms. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technology has revolutionized trading operations, making them more efficient and secure. These technological innovations provide traders with real-time data, sophisticated analytics, and automated trading options, enhancing their trading experience and success rates. The continuous improvement and innovation in trading software and tools are expected to drive market growth further.

Another significant growth driver is the increased accessibility to financial markets. The democratization of stock trading, enabled by online platforms, has opened up investment opportunities to a broader audience. Retail investors, who previously found it challenging to enter the stock market due to high costs and complex procedures, now benefit from lower fees, user-friendly interfaces, and educational resources provided by online brokers. This increased accessibility has led to a surge in the number of active traders, thereby boosting market growth.

Additionally, the proliferation of internet and mobile device usage has played a crucial role in the market's growth. The widespread use of smartphones and high-speed internet has made it easier for investors to trade stocks from anywhere and at any time. Mobile-based trading platforms offer convenience and flexibility, attracting a younger demographic and contributing to the market's expansion. The growing trend of mobile trading and the development of dedicated trading apps are expected to further propel market growth in the coming years.

From a regional perspective, North America holds the largest share in the online brokers for stock trading market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. North America's dominance can be attributed to its well-established financial markets, high internet penetration, and the presence of major online broker firms. Europe is also witnessing significant growth due to favorable regulatory environments and technological advancements. The Asia Pacific region is expected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by emerging markets, increasing internet penetration, and a growing middle-class population with rising disposable incomes.

Platform Type Analysis

The platform type segment of the online brokers for stock trading market is categorized into web-based, mobile-based, and desktop-based platforms. Web-based platforms dominate the market due to their widespread adoption and ease of access. These platforms offer comprehensive functionalities, including real-time data, market analysis, and trading execution, making them popular among both retail and institutional investors. The continuous development and enhancement of web-based platforms are expected to maintain their dominance in the market.

Mobile-based platforms are witnessing rapid growth, driven by the increasing use of smartphones and the demand for on-the-go trading solutions. These platforms provide users with flexibility and convenience, allowing them to trade stocks anytime and anywhere. The development of advanced mobile trading apps with user-friendly interfaces, real-time notifications, and secure transactions is attracting a younger demographic of investors. The growth of mobile-based platforms is expected to outpace other platform types during the forecast period.

Desktop-based platforms, although declining in popularity compared to web and mobile platforms, still maintain a significant user base. These platforms are preferred by professional and institutional investors who require advanced trading tools, customizability, and high-speed data processing capabilities. Desktop-based platforms offer robust features such as algorithmic trading, charting tools, and direct market access, catering to the needs of experienced traders. Despite the rise of web an

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

CBRE Group, Inc. was the commercial real estate brokerage company with the highest equity value in the United States as of the second quarter of 2022. At approximately 25 billion U.S. dollars, the equity value of CBRE was higher than the combined value of the rest of the companies in the ranking.

The global stock trading commission market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing retail investor participation fueled by technological advancements and democratization of investment platforms. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $50 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is projected to propel the market value to approximately $95 billion by 2033. Several factors contribute to this expansion, including the rise of mobile trading apps, the proliferation of online brokerage accounts, and the growing popularity of fractional share trading. The increasing adoption of algorithmic trading and high-frequency trading strategies by institutional investors further contributes to the market's expansion. The market is segmented by charging structure (charge by amount and charge by number of shares) and application (personal, general company, and fund company). While the "charge by amount" segment currently dominates, the "charge by number of shares" segment is expected to witness significant growth due to the increasing preference for fractional share investments. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold the largest market shares, but Asia-Pacific is poised for substantial growth due to increasing market penetration and rising disposable incomes in emerging economies. Regulatory changes, cybersecurity concerns, and market volatility pose potential restraints on market growth. However, the long-term outlook remains positive due to the ongoing digital transformation of the financial sector and the sustained interest in stock market investment across various demographic groups. The competitive landscape includes both established financial institutions like Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, and Bank of America, and emerging fintech companies offering innovative trading solutions. This dynamic market demands continuous adaptation to evolving technological advancements and evolving investor preferences. The increasing emphasis on regulatory compliance and cybersecurity further necessitates strategic investments in risk management and technological infrastructure.

Overview The global Securities Brokerages and Stock Exchanges market is projected to reach a value of XXX billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. Key drivers include increasing investor participation, technological advancements in trading platforms, and the growth of emerging markets. The market is segmented into application (individual investors, institutional investors, and corporations) and type (full-service brokerages, discount brokerages, and online trading platforms). Major companies in the industry include Northwestern Mutual, Bank of America, Ameriprise Financial, Wells Fargo Advisors, and Raymond James Financial. Regional Landscape North America dominates the Securities Brokerages and Stock Exchanges market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The United States is the largest market in North America due to its mature financial sector and high household income. China is the leading market in Asia Pacific, driven by its rapidly growing economy and increasing wealth. The Middle East and Africa region is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years due to the development of capital markets in countries such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

The global securities brokerage and stock exchange services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing retail investor participation, the expansion of online trading platforms, and the rise of algorithmic trading. The market's value, estimated at $5 trillion in 2025, is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $9 trillion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Technological advancements are making trading more accessible and efficient, attracting a younger demographic of investors. The increasing adoption of mobile trading apps and sophisticated online platforms is further contributing to this trend. Moreover, the globalization of financial markets and the growing sophistication of investment strategies are driving demand for specialized brokerage services and sophisticated exchange infrastructure. Geopolitical events and economic shifts continue to create volatility and opportunity, attracting both institutional and individual investors. The market is segmented by application (exclusive brokers, banks, investment firms, others) and type (online, offline), with online brokerage experiencing the fastest growth. Major players like Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, and others dominate the market landscape, leveraging their established networks and technological capabilities. Regional variations exist, with North America and Asia-Pacific currently holding the largest market shares, though emerging markets in regions such as Africa and South America are poised for significant growth. Regulatory changes and cybersecurity concerns represent key challenges, though innovation and regulatory adaptation are expected to mitigate these risks. The competitive landscape is characterized by both intense competition and consolidation. Larger firms are acquiring smaller brokerage houses and technology companies to expand their offerings and geographic reach. This trend of consolidation is likely to continue as market participants seek to achieve economies of scale and enhance their technological capabilities. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of fintech solutions and artificial intelligence (AI) in trading and investment management is expected to reshape the competitive dynamics. This suggests a future where personalized services, AI-driven insights, and sophisticated risk management solutions become increasingly critical for success in this dynamic market. The continued focus on regulatory compliance, security, and client experience will remain paramount for all market participants.

The global options trading brokerage services market is projected to experience substantial growth over the forecast period, with a market size valued at XXX million in 2023 and estimated to reach XXX million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of XX%. The increasing adoption of online trading platforms, coupled with rising awareness and accessibility of options trading, is driving the market growth. Additionally, the proliferation of mobile trading applications and the growing number of retail investors entering the market are contributing to the market expansion. The market is segmented based on application (online service and offline service), type (option trading, economic consulting, and others), and region (North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific). North America currently holds the largest market share due to the presence of well-established financial institutions and a large pool of experienced traders. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the increasing disposable income and growing awareness of options trading in emerging economies. Key players in the market include Charles Schwab, Fidelity Investments, Interactive Brokers, TradeStation, Ally Invest, Robinhood, Firstrade Securities, TD Ameritrade, GF Securities, Guotai Junan Securities, Shenzhen Guosen Securities, Haitong Securities, Huatai Securities, Nanhua Futures, China Merchants Securities, China Galaxy Securities, and CITIC Securities.

This statistic shows the largest global stock exchanges globally as of March 2025, ranked by the value of electronic order book share trading. In that time, the NYSE Stock Market was the largest stock exchange worldwide, with the value of EOB shares traded amounting to *** trillion U.S. dollars. Stock exchanges — additional information Stock exchanges are an important part of the free market economic system and are the most important component of the stock market. A stock exchange provides the setting in which stockbrokers, sellers, buyers, and traders can be brought together to take part in the sale of shares, bonds, derivatives and other securities. The core function of a stock exchange is to enable the fair and orderly trading, as well as the provision of price information, of any securities being traded on that exchange. Originally the exchanges were physical places (in some world locations the goods are still traded over-the-counter) but with time, they took the shape of an electronic platform. In order that company shares may be bought, traded and sold on a stock exchange, the company is required to have undergone an initial public offering process (IPO) on that particular exchange. The initial public offering of Alibaba Group Holding, a Chinese company operating in the e-commerce sector, on the New York Stock Exchange in September 2014, was the largest listing in the United States since 1996. The IPO of Alibaba Group Holding raised approximately ***** billion U.S. dollars.

The US online trading platform market, a significant segment of the broader global market, is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of mobile trading apps, coupled with a younger generation more comfortable with digital investing, fuels this expansion. Technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence-powered trading tools and algorithmic trading capabilities, are also attracting both retail and institutional investors. Furthermore, the rise of fractional share trading and commission-free brokerage services has broadened market accessibility, leading to a surge in new users. The market's expansion is further supported by heightened financial literacy and a growing awareness of diverse investment options, including cryptocurrencies and alternative assets, some of which are facilitated through online platforms. The market’s overall size, although not explicitly given for the US alone, is substantial considering the global figure of $3.28 billion and the significant US presence within the industry. Assuming a conservative US market share of 40%, we can estimate the 2025 US market size to be approximately $1.312 billion. This figure is projected to grow at a CAGR of around 6% (consistent with the global CAGR), suggesting a significant and sustained market expansion in the coming years. Competitive intensity is high, with established players like Fidelity, Schwab, and Vanguard competing alongside newer entrants such as Robinhood and Webull, creating a dynamic landscape. Regulatory changes and cybersecurity concerns remain potential restraints. The segmentation of the US online trading platform market reveals further growth opportunities. The cloud-based deployment model is gaining traction due to its scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. While the advanced segment, catering to sophisticated investors, holds a larger average revenue per user, the beginner segment exhibits higher growth potential as more individuals enter the market. Institutional investors represent a significant market share due to the high trading volumes they generate. However, the retail investor segment demonstrates the fastest growth rate, contributing to the overall market expansion. Regional variations likely exist; the West Coast and East Coast, being major financial centers, may show stronger market penetration than other regions. The forecast period (2025-2033) promises continuous expansion, with technological innovation and evolving investor preferences shaping the market's trajectory. Recent developments include: May 2023 - Etoro announced the launch of InsuranceWorld, a portfolio offering retail investors long-term exposure to the insurance sector. InsuranceWorld is a new addition to eToro's existing offering of portfolios, which already provides exposure to traditional financial sectors, such as private equity, big banks, and real estate trusts., April 2023 - Twitter, a US-based company, partnered with the cryptocurrency exchange eToro to allow users to trade stocks, cryptocurrencies, and other assets on the social network's platform by using the online platform services offered by eToro, which would generate new revenue streams for the market vendors.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Accessibility and the Rise in the Adoption of Smartphones, Integration of AI Technology and Robo Advisors to Update on Real-Time Updates; Capabilities Such as Trade Order and Investment Management Integrated into a Single Platform. Potential restraints include: Increasing Accessibility and the Rise in the Adoption of Smartphones, Integration of AI Technology and Robo Advisors to Update on Real-Time Updates; Capabilities Such as Trade Order and Investment Management Integrated into a Single Platform. Notable trends are: Increasing Accessibility and the Rise in the Adoption of Smartphones is Expected to Drive the Market Growth.

Like several other app industries, stock trading and investment saw a huge spike in usage during the coronavirus pandemic. Millions of people stuck at home were able to take advantage of new...

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

Investment bankers and brokers are expected to perform well throughout 2024. The industry has grown at a CAGR of 3.9% to $379.9 billion over the past five years, including an anticipated decrease of 1.7% in 2024 alone, with profit falling to 31.7% of revenue in the current years. Revenue from the industry's debt and equity underwriting segments increased drastically over 2020 and 2021 as companies and governments needed to raise cash quickly. Also, the industry encountered greater demand from SPAC IPOs in 2020 and 2021 which significantly grew revenue in the same years. In addition, economic uncertainty spiked as a result of health policy measures implemented by governments leading to increased market volatility. As a result, investors repositioned their portfolios and industry operators' revenue benefitted from increased trade activity due to volatility in financial markets over the past five years. Large investment banks have focused on consolidating their systems to reduce trading costs, which has limited declines in overall industry profit. The regulatory environment has also constrained the potential for higher revenue growth and has primarily affected bulge bracket banks across developed countries. To remain competitive, smaller boutique banks have seized this opportunity by increasing the focus on advisory services since it is difficult to compete on the basis of scale with large banks. As a result, of significant competition from larger players, smaller players have been forced to exit the industry and market share concentration for larger banks has climbed at the global level. While revenue from trading and related services is expected to dissipate from its temporarily elevated levels, revenue from underwriting and advisory services is expected to limit overall revenue declines. In addition, advisory service revenue is expected to support revenue during the outlook period. Geopolitical tensions remain at elevated levels due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which could negatively affect demand for industry services. Lastly, developments regarding regulation have the potential to further hinder industry revenue. Overall, the industry is forecast to fall at a CAGR of 0.4% to $372.6 billion over the five years to 2029.