This report provides an introduction to the proposal; a consideration of the EIS; a consideration of representations made in response to exhibition of the EIS; the RTA's response to issues raised in the representations; a summary of additional investigations or studies undertaken after exhibition of the EIS; details of the "Preferred Activity" - the new proposal incorporating modifications.

No notes provided

In June 2022, it was estimated that around 7.3 percent of Australians were aged between 25 and 29, and the same applied to people aged between 30 and 34. All in all, about 55 percent of Australia’s population was aged 35 years or older as of June 2022. At the same time, the age distribution of the country also shows that the share of children under 14 years old was still higher than that of people over 65 years old. A breakdown of Australia’s population growth Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, yet with a population of around 26 million inhabitants, it is only sparsely populated. Since the 1970s, the population growth of Australia has remained fairly constant. While there was a slight rise in the Australian death rate in 2022, the birth rate of the country decreased after a slight rise in the previous year. The fact that the birth rate is almost double the size of its death rate gives the country one of the highest natural population growth rates of any high-income country.
National distribution of the population Australia’s population is expected to surpass 28 million people by 2028. The majority of its inhabitants live in the major cities. The most populated states are New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland. Together, they account for over 75 percent of the population in Australia.

Environmental impact statement

Eastern distributor City of Sydney : environmental impact assessment report [Record No. 165159]

Levees are the main form of flood protection afforded to a number of regional NSW towns situated on major rivers. The original levee designs were generally based on an actual historic peak height …Show full descriptionLevees are the main form of flood protection afforded to a number of regional NSW towns situated on major rivers. The original levee designs were generally based on an actual historic peak height flood gradient. Some experiences during recent flood events have highlighted the potential for variations in the adopted flood gradients during different flood conditions. This has resulted in levees being overtopped in a manner different from that originally envisaged. The aim of the study was to identify how different shaped hydrographs (i.e. those of a similar peak magnitude but of different volumes and/or rates of rise) affect the flood gradient and whether this affects the location and/or sequence in which the levees are overtopped. The objective of this study was to identify how different shaped hydrographs (i.e. those of a similar sized peak but of different volumes and/or rates of rise) might change the flood gradient and whether this would affect the location and/or sequence in which the levees could be overtopped. In order to achieve this it was first necessary to categorise the alternative hydrograph shapes. This was done by examining hydrograph shapes from different historical floods as well as the design events.

Main Roads 1929 - 1984: journals of the Department of Main Roads, New South Wales

At the 2021 Australian census, 278,043 people in New South Wales were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. New South Wales is Australia’s most populated state, also housing Australia’s largest city, Sydney. By comparison, Australia’s second largest state, Victoria, was home to around 66 thousand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

There are around 800,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, which represents just over three percent of the Australian population. Indigenous people are often referred to as Australia's first people or the traditional custodians of the land in recognition of their ancestors inhabiting Australia more than 60,000 years ago. Australia's Indigenous peoples are represented by two distinct groups. Aboriginal people come from the Australian mainland. Torres Strait Islander people inhabit the group of Islands between the northern tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea and represent less than 40,000 people.

Closing the gap

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience significantly poorer health and wellbeing outcomes when compared to their non-Indigenous Australian counterparts. The average life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is around eight years shorter than that of the non-Indigenous population. In education, Indigenous Australians are also underrepresented, but attendance rates are improving and in 2019, full-time Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students numbered well over 200,000 people.