In 2025, Brazil and Mexico were expected to be the countries with the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in Latin America and the Caribbean. In that year, Brazil's GDP could reach an estimated value of 2.3 trillion U.S. dollars, whereas Mexico's amounted to almost 1.8 trillion U.S. dollars. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year. It measures the economic strength of a country and a positive change indicates economic growth.

In 2023, Puerto Rico and The Bahamas were the states with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Latin America and the Caribbean. The average GDP generated per person in the Bahamas amounted to 34,749 U.S. dollars, whereas the average wealth created per capita in Puerto Rico was estimated at around 34,749 U.S. dollars. In that same year, this region's lowest GDP per capita was that of Haiti, at less than 1,693 U.S. dollars per person per year. The largest economies in Latin America GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country and the average wealth of its population. By far, the two largest economies in the region are Brazil and Mexico, both registering GDPs three times bigger than the third place, Argentina. Nonetheless, they are the two most populated countries by a great margin.
Key economic indicators of Latin America Latin America emerges as an important region in the world economy, as of 2023, around 7.3 percent of the global GDP, a similar share to the Middle East. Nevertheless, the economic development of most of its countries has been heavily affected by other factors, such as corruption, inequality, inflation, or crime and violence. Countries such as Venezuela, Suriname, and Argentina are constantly ranking among the highest inflation rates in the world. While Jamaica, Ecuador, and Haiti rank as some of the most crime-ridden states.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Guyana was the South American country 20360the highest gross national income per capita, with 20,360 U.S. dollars per person in 2023. Uruguay ranked second, registering a GNI of 19,530 U.S. dollars per person, based on current prices. Gross national income (GNI) is the aggregated sum of the value added by residents in an economy, plus net taxes (minus subsidies) and net receipts of primary income from abroad. Which are the largest Latin American economies? Based on annual gross domestic product, which is the total amount of goods and services produced in a country per year, Brazil leads the regional ranking, followed by Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Many Caribbean countries and territories hold the highest GDP per capita in this region, measurement that reflects how GDP would be divided if it was perfectly equally distributed among the population. GNI per capita is, however, a more exact calculation of wealth than GDP per capita, as it takes into consideration taxes paid and income receipts from abroad. How much inequality is there in Latin America? In many Latin American countries, more than half the total wealth created in their economies is held by the richest 20 percent of the population. When a small share of the population concentrates most of the wealth, millions of people don't have enough to make ends meet. For instance, in Brazil, about 5.32 percent of the population lives on less than 3.2 U.S. dollars per day.

The average for 2024 based on 19 countries was 19884 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Puerto Rico: 44125 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Haiti: 2801 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Haiti is expected to experience the worst economic recession in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2024. Haiti's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2024 is forecast to be 3 percent lower than the value registered in 2023, based on constant prices. Aside from Argentina, Haiti, and Puerto Rico, most economies in the region were likely to experience economic growth in 2024, most notably, Guyana.

Brazil, the most populated country and the economy with the highest GDP in Latin America, had the largest market research revenue in the region in 2022. Out of all the Latin American and Caribbean countries included in the study, Brazil ranked first, with a market research revenue of *** million U.S. dollars, followed by Mexico, with *** million U.S. dollars.

According to recent estimates, the most affected sectors by the coronavirus pandemic in Latin America would be wholesale and retail trade as well as services in general, such as tourism, foodservice, transport, and communications. In 2020, this group of most affected sectors was forecasted to represent more than 16 percent of Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP). Among the countries shown in this graph, Brazil is the nation where sectors moderately affected by the pandemic could represent the highest contribution to GDP (75.8 percent).

Which Latin American economies were most vulnerable to the pandemic? In 2020, the economic sectors most affected by the coronavirus pandemic - wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, transport and services in general - were forecasted to account for 35.5 percent of Panama’s GDP. In addition, the moderately and most affected economic segments were estimated to contribute the most to Panama’s GDP (a combined 97.6 percent) than any other country in this region. A similar scenario was projected in Mexico, where the sectors that would least suffer the pandemic's negative effects would account for only 3.4 percent of GDP.

Did the pandemic put a stop to economic growth in Latin America? Economic growth changed dramatically after the COVID-19 outbreak. Most of the largest economies in Latin America fell under recession in 2020. Estimates predict a more optimistic scenario for 2021, with countries such as Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina growing their GDP at least five percent.

List of Top Disciplines of Latin American Economic Outlook sorted by citations.

• Attention and interest on international issues related to different countries.
• Most important objectives for Spain in international politics.
• Image of the Ibero-American countries in Spain and for the interviewee.
• Spain's relations with Latin America in economic, political, cultural, scientific/technical and sporting aspects.
• Most important objectives for Spain in international policy with Latin America.
• Similarities, common interests and union in the future between Spain and Latin American or European countries.
• Knowledge of the annual celebration of the Ibero-American Summit.
• Importance of the Ibero-American Summit for the countries of Latin America and for Spain.
• Agreement with various statements on the Ibero-American Summits: They strengthen political and economic ties, poor practical results, boost cooperation, and recent summits have lost relevance.
• Main problems that currently exist in the world. Opinion on the cooperation of Spain to the development of other peoples and the role of the State in international aid and cooperation.
• Countries to which Spanish development cooperation is directed and to which it should be directed.
• Evaluation of the resources that Spain dedicates to international cooperation for development and knowledge of the reduction of funds in recent years due to the crisis. Knowledge of the objective of industrialized countries to devote 0.7% of their GDP to help less developed countries. Opinion on whether Spain should dedicate 0.7% of its GDP. Knowledge of the percentage of Spanish GDP that is dedicated to helping less developed countries.
• Important aspects in development cooperation: human rights, health, indigenous peoples, poverty,... Knowledge of the United Nations Millennium Goals. Likelihood of achieving the various Goals. Knowledge of the resources that your Autonomous Community or City Council dedicates to cooperation with developing countries. Opinion on whether they should devote part of their resources.
• Agreement on the form of financing of NGOs.
• Most important task to be performed by NGDOs. Composition of NGOs to make their work effective.
• Participation in the interviewee's development cooperation.
• Box marked for allocation in the Income Statement.
• Influence on relations between Spain and Latin America of Latin American immigrants.
• Main cause of the immigration that Spain receives. Changes in the image of Latin America due to the presence of Latin American immigrants and the degree of agreement with a series of opinions about them.
• Beneficiary of the work done by immigrants from less developed countries.
• Agreement that there would be fewer immigrants if cooperation between countries were greater.
• Effect of the economic situation on immigrant and Spanish workers.
• Opinions on Spanish immigration policy and changes that should be introduced.
• Knowledge of Spanish companies with interests in Latin America. Investment.
• Effect of the performance of Spanish companies investing in Latin America has on the image of Spain.
• Equal performance of Spanish companies in Spain and Latin America.
• The Spanish Government should encourage greater involvement of Spanish companies abroad.
• Opinion on the action of Spanish companies in Latin America Larina in environmental and social matters
• Effect of the performance of Spanish companies investing in Latin America has on relations between Spain and these countries.
• Opinion on who benefits from the presence of Spanish companies in Latin America.
• Ideological self-location scale (1-10).
• Electoral participation in the 2008 general elections.
• Religious practice.

List of Top Authors of Latin American Political Economy sorted by citations.

Interactive heatmap showing the most pressing issues facing Latin American countries. Compare top concerns including crime, economy, corruption, and more across the region.

List of Top Disciplines of Latin American Political Economy sorted by citations.

This dataset accompanies the study The Cultural Resource Curse: How Trade Dependence Undermines Creative Industries. It contains country-year panel data for 2000–2023 covering both OECD economies and the ten largest Latin American countries by land area. Variables include GDP per capita (constant PPP, USD), trade openness, internet penetration, education indicators, cultural exports per capita, and executive constraints from the Polity V dataset.

The dataset supports a comparative analysis of how economic structure, institutional quality, and infrastructure shape cultural export performance across development contexts. Within-country fixed effects models show that trade openness constrains cultural exports in OECD economies but has no measurable effect in resource-dependent Latin America. In contrast, strong executive constraints benefit cultural industries in advanced economies while constraining them in extraction-oriented systems. The results provide empirical evidence for a two-stage development framework in which colonial extraction legacies create distinct constraints on creative industry growth.

All variables are harmonized to ISO3 country codes and aligned on a common panel structure. The dataset is fully reproducible using the included Jupyter notebooks (OECD.ipynb, LATAM+OECD.ipynb, cervantes.ipynb).

Contents:

• GDPPC.csv — GDP per capita series from the World Bank.

• explanatory.csv — Trade openness, internet penetration, and education indicators.

• culture_exports.csv — UNESCO cultural export data.

• p5v2018.csv — Polity V institutional indicators.

• Jupyter notebooks for data processing and replication.

Potential uses: Comparative political economy, cultural economics, institutional development, and resource curse research.

How to Run This Dataset and Code in Google Colab

These steps reproduce the OECD vs. Latin America analyses from the paper using the provided CSVs and notebooks.

1) Open Colab and set up

1. Go to https://colab.research.google.com

2. Click File → New notebook.

3. (Optional) If your files are in Google Drive, mount it:

2) Get the data files into Colab

You have two easy options:

A. Upload the 4 CSVs + notebooks directly

• In the left sidebar, click the folder icon → Upload.

• Upload: GDPPC.csv, explanatory.csv, culture_exports.csv, p5v2018.csv, and any .ipynb you want to run.

B. Use Google Drive

• Put those files in a Drive folder.

• After mounting Drive, refer to them with paths like /content/drive/MyDrive/your_folder/GDPPC.csv.

In 2023, four Caribbean nations were the countries with the highest gross national income per capita in Latin America and the Caribbean. On average, the national gross income amounted to around 31,990 U.S. dollars per person in the Bahamas, an island country which also had one of the highest gross domestic product per capita in this region. Outside the Caribbean Excluding the Caribbean, the economies with the highest national income per capita are generally located in South America, with the exceptions of Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico. Guyana leads among continental states with a national income of around 20.360 U.S. dollars per person. Gross national income (GNI) is the aggregated sum of the value added by residents in an economy, plus net taxes (minus subsidies) and net receipts of primary income from abroad. The biggest economies Brazil and Mexico are still miles ahead in the race for the biggest economy of Latin America. As of 2023, both nations exceeded the two trillion U.S. dollars mark in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While Argentina's GDP, third place, slightly surpassed the 600 billion U.S. dollars. Nonetheless, both nations also ranked as the most populated by far in the region.

The average for 2022 based on 5 countries was 254.46 billion U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Brazil: 794.42 billion U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Argentina: 52.95 billion U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1975 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Based on land area, Brazil is the largest country in Latin America by far, with a total area of over 8.5 million square kilometers. Argentina follows with almost 2.8 million square kilometers. Cuba, whose surface area extends over almost 111,000 square kilometers, is the Caribbean country with the largest territory.

Brazil: a country with a lot to offer

Brazil's borders reach nearly half of the South American subcontinent, making it the fifth-largest country in the world and the third-largest country in the Western Hemisphere. Along with its landmass, Brazil also boasts the largest population and economy in the region. Although Brasília is the capital, the most significant portion of the country's population is concentrated along its coastline in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

South America: a region of extreme geographic variation

With the Andes mountain range in the West, the Amazon Rainforest in the East, the Equator in the North, and Cape Horn as the Southern-most continental tip, South America has some of the most diverse climatic and ecological terrains in the world. At its core, its biodiversity can largely be attributed to the Amazon, the world's largest tropical rainforest, and the Amazon river, the world's largest river. However, with this incredible wealth of ecology also comes great responsibility. In the past decade, roughly 80,000 square kilometers of the Brazilian Amazon were destroyed. And, as of late 2019, there were at least 1,000 threatened species in Brazil alone.

In 2025, Luxembourg was the country with the highest gross domestic product per capita in the world. Of the 20 listed countries, 13 are in Europe and five are in Asia, alongside the U.S. and Australia. There are no African or Latin American countries among the top 20. Correlation with high living standards While GDP is a useful indicator for measuring the size or strength of an economy, GDP per capita is much more reflective of living standards. For example, when compared to life expectancy or indices such as the Human Development Index or the World Happiness Report, there is a strong overlap - 14 of the 20 countries on this list are also ranked among the 20 happiest countries in 2024, and all 20 have "very high" HDIs. Misleading metrics? GDP per capita figures, however, can be misleading, and to paint a fuller picture of a country's living standards then one must look at multiple metrics. GDP per capita figures can be skewed by inequalities in wealth distribution, and in countries such as those in the Middle East, a relatively large share of the population lives in poverty while a smaller number live affluent lifestyles.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Non-Hispanic population of Economy by race. It includes the distribution of the Non-Hispanic population of Economy across various race categories as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the Non-Hispanic population distribution of Economy across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

Of the Non-Hispanic population in Economy, the largest racial group is White alone with a population of 8,487 (94.52% of the total Non-Hispanic population).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (for Non-Hispanic) for the Economy
• Population: The population of the racial category (for Non-Hispanic) in the Economy is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of Economy total Non-Hispanic population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Economy Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

RUM And CACHACA Market size was valued at USD 21,070.1 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 34,230.1 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

Global RUM And CACHACA Market Drivers

The market drivers for the RUM And CACHACA Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Shifting Consumer Preferences: As tastes change, so does the market for unusual and distinctive alcoholic drinks. Customers searching for novel and intriguing options are drawn to the different aromas and profiles that rum and cachaça offer. Globalization and Cultural Trends: A growing desire in products with exotic and culturally varied ingredients has resulted from the globalization of food and beverage trends. Due to their associations with Caribbean and Latin American cultures, rum and cachaça have become more and more well-liked globally as people look for genuine and distinctive experiences. Cocktail Culture: The demand for adaptable spirits like rum and Cachaça has been fueled by the increasing popularity of cocktails, both at home and in bars. These alcoholic beverages are becoming more and more popular since they are necessary components of many modern and classic cocktails. Premiumization: The market for rum and cachaça is being impacted by the shift toward high-end, premium goods. Premium and aged varieties have higher price points that consumers are prepared to pay, which encourages the production of higher-end items and increases market income. Craft and Artisanal Movement: Consumer interest in small-batch, locally made beverages is growing, contributing to the growth of craft and artisanal products in the spirits sector. Craft distilleries are becoming more and more well-known for their distinctive and superior Cachaça and rum. Marketing and Branding: The success of alcoholic beverages is greatly dependent on employing strong marketing and branding techniques. Innovative and captivating advertising strategies that showcase the history, artistry, and distinctive features of Cachaça and Rum have the power to draw in new customers and strengthen existing ones. Economic Growth in Emerging economies: The market for rum and cachaça is growing as a result of economic growth in emerging economies, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Consumers are more willing to experiment with and spend money on premium spirits as their disposable income increases. Innovation and Product Diversification: The market is growing as a result of ongoing innovation in flavor profiles, production methods, and packaging. In order to adapt to shifting consumer demands, distillers and manufacturers are continuously introducing new and inventive goods. Trends in Health & Wellness: Although moderation is important, some consumers are looking for alcoholic beverages that are natural or organic, or that they believe will improve their health. Producers who adapt to these developments could acquire a competitive advantage. Trade agreements and regulatory changes: These two factors may have an effect on where rum and cachaça are sold and available in different areas. Market expansion can be aided by favorable trade and regulatory frameworks.