In 2025, Brazil and Mexico were expected to be the countries with the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in Latin America and the Caribbean. In that year, Brazil's GDP could reach an estimated value of 2.3 trillion U.S. dollars, whereas Mexico's amounted to almost 1.8 trillion U.S. dollars. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year. It measures the economic strength of a country and a positive change indicates economic growth.

In 2023, Puerto Rico and The Bahamas were the states with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Latin America and the Caribbean. The average GDP generated per person in the Bahamas amounted to 34,749 U.S. dollars, whereas the average wealth created per capita in Puerto Rico was estimated at around 34,749 U.S. dollars. In that same year, this region's lowest GDP per capita was that of Haiti, at less than 1,693 U.S. dollars per person per year. The largest economies in Latin America GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country and the average wealth of its population. By far, the two largest economies in the region are Brazil and Mexico, both registering GDPs three times bigger than the third place, Argentina. Nonetheless, they are the two most populated countries by a great margin.
Key economic indicators of Latin America Latin America emerges as an important region in the world economy, as of 2023, around 7.3 percent of the global GDP, a similar share to the Middle East. Nevertheless, the economic development of most of its countries has been heavily affected by other factors, such as corruption, inequality, inflation, or crime and violence. Countries such as Venezuela, Suriname, and Argentina are constantly ranking among the highest inflation rates in the world. While Jamaica, Ecuador, and Haiti rank as some of the most crime-ridden states.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The average for 2024 based on 19 countries was 19884 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Puerto Rico: 44125 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Haiti: 2801 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

According to recent estimates, the most affected sectors by the coronavirus pandemic in Latin America would be wholesale and retail trade as well as services in general, such as tourism, foodservice, transport, and communications. In 2020, this group of most affected sectors was forecasted to represent more than 16 percent of Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP). Among the countries shown in this graph, Brazil is the nation where sectors moderately affected by the pandemic could represent the highest contribution to GDP (75.8 percent).

Which Latin American economies were most vulnerable to the pandemic? In 2020, the economic sectors most affected by the coronavirus pandemic - wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, transport and services in general - were forecasted to account for 35.5 percent of Panama’s GDP. In addition, the moderately and most affected economic segments were estimated to contribute the most to Panama’s GDP (a combined 97.6 percent) than any other country in this region. A similar scenario was projected in Mexico, where the sectors that would least suffer the pandemic's negative effects would account for only 3.4 percent of GDP.

Did the pandemic put a stop to economic growth in Latin America? Economic growth changed dramatically after the COVID-19 outbreak. Most of the largest economies in Latin America fell under recession in 2020. Estimates predict a more optimistic scenario for 2021, with countries such as Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina growing their GDP at least five percent.

As of 2024 estimates, Costa Rica registered the highest gross domestic product (GDP) in Central America with around 83 billion USD, closely followed by Panama. In contrast, Belize ranked with the lowest GDP with just over 2.7 billion USD.

Guyana was the South American country 20360the highest gross national income per capita, with 20,360 U.S. dollars per person in 2023. Uruguay ranked second, registering a GNI of 19,530 U.S. dollars per person, based on current prices. Gross national income (GNI) is the aggregated sum of the value added by residents in an economy, plus net taxes (minus subsidies) and net receipts of primary income from abroad. Which are the largest Latin American economies? Based on annual gross domestic product, which is the total amount of goods and services produced in a country per year, Brazil leads the regional ranking, followed by Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Many Caribbean countries and territories hold the highest GDP per capita in this region, measurement that reflects how GDP would be divided if it was perfectly equally distributed among the population. GNI per capita is, however, a more exact calculation of wealth than GDP per capita, as it takes into consideration taxes paid and income receipts from abroad. How much inequality is there in Latin America? In many Latin American countries, more than half the total wealth created in their economies is held by the richest 20 percent of the population. When a small share of the population concentrates most of the wealth, millions of people don't have enough to make ends meet. For instance, in Brazil, about 5.32 percent of the population lives on less than 3.2 U.S. dollars per day.

Haiti is expected to experience the worst economic recession in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2024. Haiti's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2024 is forecast to be 3 percent lower than the value registered in 2023, based on constant prices. Aside from Argentina, Haiti, and Puerto Rico, most economies in the region were likely to experience economic growth in 2024, most notably, Guyana.

In Latin America Creator Economy Market is projected to grow from USD 38.5 billion in 2025 to USD 112.7 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 19.7%

According to a study, the global economy is expected to face a negative deviation in GDP growth due to climate change by the year 2048. The largest economies in Latin America are no exception: Mexico, for instance, is projected to experience a decrease of almost *** percent in its real GDP, in a scenario where global temperatures increase by *** degrees Celsius, compared to the baseline period from 1986 to 2005. In this same scenario, Colombia would face a decrease of almost *** percent in its real GDP by 2048.

In 2023, four Caribbean nations were the countries with the highest gross national income per capita in Latin America and the Caribbean. On average, the national gross income amounted to around 31,990 U.S. dollars per person in the Bahamas, an island country which also had one of the highest gross domestic product per capita in this region. Outside the Caribbean Excluding the Caribbean, the economies with the highest national income per capita are generally located in South America, with the exceptions of Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico. Guyana leads among continental states with a national income of around 20.360 U.S. dollars per person. Gross national income (GNI) is the aggregated sum of the value added by residents in an economy, plus net taxes (minus subsidies) and net receipts of primary income from abroad. The biggest economies Brazil and Mexico are still miles ahead in the race for the biggest economy of Latin America. As of 2023, both nations exceeded the two trillion U.S. dollars mark in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While Argentina's GDP, third place, slightly surpassed the 600 billion U.S. dollars. Nonetheless, both nations also ranked as the most populated by far in the region.

This dataset accompanies the study The Cultural Resource Curse: How Trade Dependence Undermines Creative Industries. It contains country-year panel data for 2000–2023 covering both OECD economies and the ten largest Latin American countries by land area. Variables include GDP per capita (constant PPP, USD), trade openness, internet penetration, education indicators, cultural exports per capita, and executive constraints from the Polity V dataset.

The dataset supports a comparative analysis of how economic structure, institutional quality, and infrastructure shape cultural export performance across development contexts. Within-country fixed effects models show that trade openness constrains cultural exports in OECD economies but has no measurable effect in resource-dependent Latin America. In contrast, strong executive constraints benefit cultural industries in advanced economies while constraining them in extraction-oriented systems. The results provide empirical evidence for a two-stage development framework in which colonial extraction legacies create distinct constraints on creative industry growth.

All variables are harmonized to ISO3 country codes and aligned on a common panel structure. The dataset is fully reproducible using the included Jupyter notebooks (OECD.ipynb, LATAM+OECD.ipynb, cervantes.ipynb).

Contents:

• GDPPC.csv — GDP per capita series from the World Bank.

• explanatory.csv — Trade openness, internet penetration, and education indicators.

• culture_exports.csv — UNESCO cultural export data.

• p5v2018.csv — Polity V institutional indicators.

• Jupyter notebooks for data processing and replication.

Potential uses: Comparative political economy, cultural economics, institutional development, and resource curse research.

How to Run This Dataset and Code in Google Colab

These steps reproduce the OECD vs. Latin America analyses from the paper using the provided CSVs and notebooks.

1) Open Colab and set up

1. Go to https://colab.research.google.com

2. Click File → New notebook.

3. (Optional) If your files are in Google Drive, mount it:

2) Get the data files into Colab

You have two easy options:

A. Upload the 4 CSVs + notebooks directly

• In the left sidebar, click the folder icon → Upload.

• Upload: GDPPC.csv, explanatory.csv, culture_exports.csv, p5v2018.csv, and any .ipynb you want to run.

B. Use Google Drive

• Put those files in a Drive folder.

• After mounting Drive, refer to them with paths like /content/drive/MyDrive/your_folder/GDPPC.csv.

The South America Aviation Fuel Market size was valued at USD 8.50 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 14.75 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2031.

Key Market Drivers:

Increasing Air Travel Demand: The growing middle class and disposable income in South America are driving a surge in air travel demand, with passenger traffic in Latin America expected to grow by 5.3% annually over the next decade, leading to a higher demand for aviation fuel to support the growing number of flights across the region.

Economic Growth and Regional Connectivity: Economic growth in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile is increasing regional connectivity and increasing aviation fuel demand. The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean reported a 3.2% GDP growth in 2023, leading to increased reliance on air travel for connectivity and fuel consumption for airlines operating in and out of South America.

Mexico and Latin America Moving Services Market size was valued at USD 4.0251 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 4.795 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 2.44% from 2024 to 2031

Mexico and Latin America Moving Services Market Drivers

Urbanization and Housing Demand: Mexico is experiencing rapid urbanization, with a significant portion of the population moving to urban centers in search of better employment opportunities and living conditions. This trend is driving the demand for moving services as people relocate to cities, requiring professional assistance for residential moves.

Rising Middle-Class Population: The expanding middle class in Mexico, with increasing disposable income, is boosting the demand for professional moving services. As more people can afford to purchase homes or upgrade their living spaces, the need for reliable and efficient moving services is growing.

Economic Growth and Infrastructure Development: Several countries in Latin America are experiencing economic growth and infrastructure development, leading to increased real estate activity. As new housing and commercial projects are completed, the demand for moving services rises, particularly in growing urban areas.

Internal Migration and Urbanization: Like Mexico, many Latin American countries are witnessing significant internal migration, with people moving from rural areas to urban centers. This migration fuels the need for moving services as individuals and families relocate to cities in search of better opportunities.

The average for 2022 based on 5 countries was 254.46 billion U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Brazil: 794.42 billion U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Argentina: 52.95 billion U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1975 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Brazil, the most populated country and the economy with the highest GDP in Latin America, had the largest market research revenue in the region in 2022. Out of all the Latin American and Caribbean countries included in the study, Brazil ranked first, with a market research revenue of *** million U.S. dollars, followed by Mexico, with *** million U.S. dollars.

In 1938, the year before the Second World War, the United States had, by far, the largest economy in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The five Allied Great Powers that emerged victorious from the war, along with the three Axis Tripartite Pact countries that were ultimately defeated made up the eight largest independent economies in 1938.

When values are converted into 1990 international dollars, the U.S. GDP was over 800 billion dollars in 1938, which was more than double that of the second largest economy, the Soviet Union. Even the combined economies of the UK, its dominions, and colonies had a value of just over 680 billion 1990 dollars, showing that the United States had established itself as the world's leading economy during the interwar period (despite the Great Depression).

Interestingly, the British and Dutch colonies had larger combined GDPs than their respective metropoles, which was a key motivator for the Japanese invasion of these territories in East Asia during the war. Trade with neutral and non-belligerent countries also contributed greatly to the economic development of Allied and Axis powers throughout the war; for example, natural resources from Latin America were essential to the American war effort, while German manufacturing was often dependent on Swedish iron supplies.

IT Circular Economy Services Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global IT Circular Economy Services market size was valued at $12.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $39.4 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 13.2% during the forecast period of 2025–2033. The primary growth driver for this market is the increasing regulatory and corporate emphasis on sustainability and resource optimization, which is prompting enterprises worldwide to adopt circular economy principles in their IT asset management strategies. As organizations face mounting pressure to reduce electronic waste and improve environmental stewardship, IT circular economy services are becoming central to digital transformation and sustainability agendas across industries.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the global IT Circular Economy Services market, accounting for approximately 38% of total revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature IT infrastructure, robust regulatory frameworks, and early adoption of circular economy practices among large enterprises and government organizations. The presence of leading technology companies and a well-established network of service providers further accelerates the deployment of consulting, asset recovery, and IT asset disposition services. Additionally, stringent e-waste regulations and growing awareness of environmental impacts have led organizations in the United States and Canada to prioritize sustainable IT asset management, driving continuous market expansion and innovation.

Asia Pacific is forecasted to be the fastest-growing region in the IT Circular Economy Services market, with a projected CAGR of 16.7% from 2025 to 2033. This rapid growth is driven by surging IT investments, expanding manufacturing sectors, and increasing adoption of digital technologies in countries such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The region’s burgeoning electronics and data center industries generate significant volumes of IT equipment, creating immense opportunities for circular economy services like recycling, refurbishing, and asset recovery. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting e-waste management and sustainable development, coupled with rising environmental consciousness among enterprises, are fueling demand for comprehensive IT circular economy solutions across the Asia Pacific.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are gradually embracing IT Circular Economy Services, though adoption remains in its nascent stages compared to developed markets. These regions face unique challenges, including limited regulatory enforcement, lower awareness levels, and fragmented supply chains. However, as multinational corporations expand their operations and local governments introduce stricter e-waste policies, demand for circular IT services is expected to rise. Localized service providers are increasingly collaborating with global players to bridge capability gaps and meet the growing need for sustainable IT asset management. The gradual rise in digital transformation initiatives and the influx of foreign investments are likely to accelerate market maturity in these regions over the coming decade.

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Premium Economy Flight Deals Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Premium Economy Flight Deals market size was valued at $8.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $17.6 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period of 2024–2033. This impressive growth trajectory is primarily driven by the rising demand for enhanced travel comfort at affordable prices, as travelers increasingly seek a balance between the luxury of business class and the affordability of economy class. The surge in international business travel, coupled with a growing segment of affluent leisure travelers, has further accelerated the adoption of premium economy flight deals globally. Additionally, airlines’ strategic investments in cabin upgrades and digital booking platforms are making premium economy offerings more accessible and attractive, fueling market expansion.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share in the global premium economy flight deals market, accounting for approximately 35% of the total market value in 2024. The region’s dominance is underpinned by a mature aviation industry, high disposable incomes, and a strong culture of frequent business and leisure travel. Technological advancements, such as seamless online booking channels and widespread adoption of loyalty programs, have made it easier for travelers to access premium economy deals. Furthermore, leading North American airlines have invested heavily in upgrading their fleet and enhancing in-flight services, which has contributed to increased consumer preference for premium economy offerings. Regulatory policies supporting consumer rights and transparent pricing have also played a vital role in sustaining growth in this region.

The Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth in the premium economy flight deals market, with a projected CAGR of 11.2% from 2024 to 2033. This rapid expansion is fueled by the burgeoning middle class, increased cross-border business activities, and a surge in outbound tourism from countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. Airlines in the region are aggressively expanding their premium economy offerings to cater to evolving traveler expectations, while governments are investing in airport infrastructure and digitalization. The proliferation of online travel agencies (OTAs) and mobile booking platforms has further democratized access to premium economy deals. Strategic partnerships between regional airlines and global travel agencies are also amplifying market penetration and creating new growth avenues.

Emerging economies across Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually embracing premium economy flight deals, albeit at a slower pace compared to developed markets. In these regions, challenges such as limited airline capacity, lower consumer awareness, and fluctuating economic conditions have somewhat constrained adoption. However, localized demand is rising, especially among business travelers and affluent tourists seeking enhanced comfort for long-haul flights. Policy reforms aimed at liberalizing air travel, coupled with investments in aviation infrastructure, are expected to drive gradual growth. Airlines are increasingly tailoring their premium economy products to suit regional preferences, which is likely to improve adoption rates over the forecast period.

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ACJ Charter Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global ACJ Charter market size was valued at $3.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $6.1 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 7.6% during 2024–2033. The primary driver for this robust growth is the increasing demand for flexible, efficient, and secure air travel solutions among high-net-worth individuals and corporate clients worldwide. As the global economy recovers and international business activities surge, the necessity for personalized aviation services is becoming ever more pronounced, positioning the ACJ Charter market as a vital component of modern business and luxury travel ecosystems.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the ACJ Charter market, contributing over 38% of the global revenue in 2024. This dominance is primarily attributed to the region’s mature private aviation infrastructure, high concentration of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, and a robust corporate sector that prioritizes time efficiency and privacy. The United States, in particular, has witnessed a steady increase in charter flight hours, driven by both business and leisure travelers seeking alternatives to commercial aviation post-pandemic. Additionally, favorable regulatory frameworks and advanced airport networks further cement North America’s leading position in the ACJ Charter market. The prevalence of established charter operators and the presence of key aircraft manufacturers also play a pivotal role in sustaining regional growth.

In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, with an expected CAGR of 10.2% from 2024 to 2033. This rapid growth is fueled by rising economic prosperity, increasing cross-border investments, and a burgeoning class of affluent individuals in countries such as China, India, and Singapore. The region is experiencing a surge in demand for both business and leisure charter services, as regional governments invest heavily in aviation infrastructure and streamline regulations to attract private aviation operators. Strategic partnerships between local charter companies and global aircraft providers are also accelerating market penetration, while heightened awareness of the benefits of ACJ charters is driving user adoption, especially in rapidly urbanizing metropolitan centers.

Meanwhile, emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa face unique adoption challenges, primarily due to regulatory complexities, limited airport infrastructure, and uneven economic development. However, localized demand for ACJ Charter services is gradually increasing, particularly in oil-rich Gulf states and select Latin American countries where government and corporate entities are prioritizing secure and efficient travel options. Policy reforms and targeted investments in aviation infrastructure are expected to mitigate some of these barriers, paving the way for incremental market growth. Nevertheless, the pace of adoption remains slower compared to North America and Asia Pacific, as operators must navigate complex regional dynamics and evolving regulatory landscapes.

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