This statistic illustrates the buying power of Hispanic consumers in the United States from 1990 to 2026. Hispanics spent around **** trillion U.S. dollars in 2021. This buying power is expected to increase to over *** trillion U.S. dollars by 2026.

This statistic shows the consumer expenditure of Hispanic-Americans in the United States from 2018 to 2024. By 2024, Hispanics in the United States were projected to spend nearly *** trillion U.S. dollars on consumer goods.

This statistics presents information on the buying power of consumers in the United States in 2013, broken down by ethnic group. According to the source, the retail market gained 100 billion U.S. dollars from Native Americans in the measured period. The highest buying power of *** trillion U.S. dollars belonged to Latinos.

This statistics presents a forecast of the growth in buying power of consumers in the United States between 2014 and 2019, broken down by ethnic group. According to the source, Latino buying power will experience the highest growth of **** percent in the measured period, while Native Americans are expected to increase their spending by **** percent by 2019. Among Asian consumers, household expenditure on food amounted to approximately *** thousand U.S. dollars on average in 2016, while African Americans spent around *** thousand U.S. dollars that year.

The Hispanic foods market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing Hispanic populations globally and evolving consumer preferences towards authentic and convenient ethnic cuisine. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market size of approximately $90 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising popularity of Mexican cuisine, encompassing various food categories like tortillas, tacos, burritos, and Mexican beer, is a significant driver. Furthermore, the increasing availability of Hispanic foods in mainstream supermarkets, convenience stores, and online retail channels broadens market accessibility and fuels growth. The segment encompassing ready-to-eat meals and convenient options like pre-made burritos and tacos displays particularly strong growth potential, capitalizing on busy lifestyles and the demand for quick yet flavorful meals. While the market faces challenges such as fluctuating raw material prices and increasing competition, the overall outlook remains positive, supported by the sustained growth of the Hispanic consumer base and its increasing purchasing power. The market segmentation reveals significant opportunities within various product categories. Tortillas and tacos constitute substantial portions of the market, reflecting their fundamental role in Mexican cuisine. Refined beans and other staple ingredients contribute significantly to the overall market volume. Moreover, the increasing availability of authentic Mexican beer brands, coupled with a rising preference for craft beers, further expands the market's scope. Geographic analysis reveals strong market presence in North America, particularly the United States, driven by a large Hispanic population and well-established distribution networks. However, the market exhibits growth potential in other regions as well, particularly in Europe and Asia Pacific, where the increasing popularity of Mexican cuisine and the growing Hispanic diaspora are driving demand. Key players such as General Mills, Gruma, and Grupo Modelo are strategically positioned to capitalize on the market's growth potential through product innovation, expansion into new markets, and brand-building initiatives.

While U.S. consumers spent an average of *** U.S. dollars on beauty and personal care products in 2022, Hispanic shoppers in the United States spent ** percent more that year. U.S. Hispanic consumers also made an average of two more trips to buy beauty and personal care products than their non-Hispanic counterparts.

The transition toward sustainable cities requires evaluating current energy policies to reshape established patterns of energy supply and use. Ignoring socioeconomic and geographic differences among households in the energy policy-making process jeopardizes the government's ability to achieve a fair distribution of resources and advance energy equity. Hence, tailored urban energy strategies that address specific opportunities to improve local sustainable development and energy justice are needed. In this paper, we use the energy burden, i.e., the share of household income spent on energy services, as a metric to characterize energy affordability for urban households in Mexico. We estimate the electricity and gas consumption as well as their resulting financial burden for 17,850 urban households in 72 metropolitan areas. The calculated median monthly energy consumption of Mexican urban households is 453 kWh and is dominated by gas consumption. This results in a median energy burden of 3.5%. However, we observe a large diversity among households in energy consumption and, consequently, in energy burden, due to variations in energy use among urban households derived from their socioeconomic and geographic conditions. In addition, we analyze the role of the temperature-based residential electricity subsidy. We find that even with subsidized electricity prices, the current subsidy scheme is insufficient to alleviate energy vulnerability in urban Mexico, and at the same time, it has a regressive effect by benefiting those consuming more. Based on the analysis of the energy burden at the city level, we highlight evident problems and potential solutions missed by one-size-fits-all energy policies. This analysis provides a better understanding of the drivers and distribution of energy burden in urban households. It also presents practical insights that could help policymakers ensure that energy is available to all households according to their needs and that demands for reductions in energy consumption as well as for adoption of clean energy technologies and energy efficiency measures come from each according to their capacity.

This thesis investigates fiscal policies of subnational governments in Spain, a country whose regions are currently mired in a crisis of solvency. Many pre vious studies have suggested that political factors play an important role in determining deficits, spending, and debt. This paper examines the effect of such political factors as the party in power, the electoral cycle, the competitiveness of regional politics, and the degree of autonomy a region has, on fiscal outcomes, especially discretionary spending. The results show that much of the variation in fiscal outcomes can be explained by economic factors. However, some of the political factors are also relevant. The competitiveness of regional politics, especially whether the regional government is a coalition, or has just come to power, does affect fiscal outcomes, though not always as previous literature has found. Certain aspects of the Spanish system, like transfers from the federal government to regional governments, are also significant, in most cases in accordance with the literature. However, while this paper examines specifically what affects discretionary spending, here the results are less conclusive, and more work may be needed to determine not only what affects discretionary parts of spending, but what makes certain programs discretionary or non-discretionary.

Between 2008 and 2022, Mexico's purchasing power parity experienced a slight growth. In 2008, the PPP was approximately **** NCU per U.S. dollars. In 2022, it had increased to about ***** NCU. That year, five Mexican cities ranked amongst the metropolises with the highest local purchasing power in Latin America and the Caribbean. Purchasing power parity indicates the number of units in the national currency (NCU) needed to buy the same amount of goods and services in a given country compared to those needed in the United States. This conversion aims to equalize the purchasing power between countries, by eliminating the differences in prices.

This statistic shows the total disposable personal income of ethnic minority groups in the United States in 2015. In 2015, the disposable income of Hispanics in the U.S. totaled 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2022, the consumption of natural gas for heating in Spanish households amounted to roughly **** million metric tons of oil equivalent. Natural gas was the second largest source of energy used for heating in the residential sector in Spain. Biomass was the largest source that year with a consumption of almost *** million metric tons of oil equivalent.

The so-called Big Mac index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power of an economy. The average price for a Big Mac burger in Mexico was estimated at 4.6 U.S. dollars in January 2025. Due to the high increases during the last few years, the Big Mac burger price became one of the highest in Latin America. Big Mac Index The Bic Mac index has been published annually by The Economist since 1986 and is rated as a simplified indicator of a country’s individual purchasing power. As many countries have different currencies, the standardized Big Mac prices are calculated by converting the average national Big Mac prices with the latest exchange rate to U.S. dollars.The Big Mac, as the top-selling McDonald’s burger, is used for comparison because it is available in almost every country and manufactured in a standardized size, composition and quality. McDonald’s is a worldwide operating fast food restaurant chain with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. In Latin America, McDonald's largest franchisee is Arcos Dorados Holdings, with headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay. Power Purchasing Parity This conversion endeavor seeks to level the purchasing power disparities among nations by neutralizing price discrepancies. Notably, in Mexico, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory, yielding positive repercussions on the minimum wage for the labor force. This, in turn, has triggered a favorable effect on the affordability of the essential food basket. Furthermore, this upswing has propelled five major Mexican cities into the upper positions of PPP rankings within Latin America. Consequently, Mexico now stands as the 15th largest global economy, a status achieved despite a slight, yet steady, decline in its share of the global GDP, which is adjusted according to PPP metrics.

In 2023, Spain's transport sector consumed more energy than any other sector in the country that year, at around **** million metric tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe). This represented more than a third of Spain's final energy consumption in 2023. Ranking second and third that year were the industrial and household sectors, which consumed some **** and **** Mtoe worth of energy, respectively.