Historical chart and dataset showing World death rate by year from 1950 to 2025.

As of 2023, the countries with the highest death rates worldwide were Monaco, Bulgaria, and Latvia. In these countries, there were ** to ** deaths per 1,000 people. The country with the lowest death rate is Qatar, where there is just *** death per 1,000 people. Leading causes of death The leading causes of death worldwide are, by far, cardiovascular diseases, accounting for ** percent of all deaths in 2021. That year, there were **** million deaths worldwide from ischaemic heart disease and **** million from stroke. Interestingly, a worldwide survey from that year found that people greatly underestimate the proportion of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease, but overestimate the proportion of deaths caused by suicide, interpersonal violence, and substance use disorders. Death in the United States In 2023, there were around **** million deaths in the United States. The leading causes of death in the United States are currently heart disease and cancer, accounting for a combined ** percent of all deaths in 2023. Lung and bronchus cancer is the deadliest form of cancer worldwide, as well as in the United States. In the U.S. this form of cancer is predicted to cause around ****** deaths among men alone in the year 2025. Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest cancer for men in the U.S. while breast cancer is the second deadliest for women. In 2023, the tenth leading cause of death in the United States was COVID-19. Deaths due to COVID-19 resulted in a significant rise in the total number of deaths in the U.S. in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019, and it was the third leading cause of death in the U.S. during those years.

U.S. death rate for 2025 is 9.28, a 0.59% increase from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>U.S. death rate for 2024 was <strong>9.23</strong>, a <strong>0.28% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>U.S. death rate for 2023 was <strong>9.20</strong>, a <strong>6.12% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>U.S. death rate for 2022 was <strong>9.80</strong>, a <strong>5.77% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

In the United States, the leading causes of death among women are heart disease and cancer. Heart disease and cancer are similarly the leading causes of death among U.S. men. In 2022, heart disease accounted for **** percent of all deaths among women in the United States, while cancer accounted for **** percent of deaths. COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death among both men and women in 2020 and 2021, and the fourth leading cause in 2022. Cancer among women in the U.S. The most common types of cancer among U.S. women are breast, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum. In 2025, there were around ******* new breast cancer cases among women, compared to ******* new cases of lung and bronchus cancer. Although breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in the United States, lung and bronchus cancer causes the highest number of cancer deaths. In 2025, around ****** women were expected to die from lung and bronchus cancer, compared to ****** from breast cancer. Breast cancer Although breast cancer is the second most deadly form of cancer among women, rates of death have decreased over the past few decades. This decrease is possibly due to early detection, progress in therapy, and increasing awareness of risk factors. In 2023, the death rate due to breast cancer was **** per 100,000 population, compared to a rate of **** per 100,000 in the year 1990. The state with the highest rate of deaths due to breast cancer is Oklahoma, while South Dakota had the lowest rates.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

This dataset contains counts of deaths for California counties based on information entered on death certificates. Final counts are derived from static data and include out-of-state deaths to California residents, whereas provisional counts are derived from incomplete and dynamic data. Provisional counts are based on the records available when the data was retrieved and may not represent all deaths that occurred during the time period. Deaths involving injuries from external or environmental forces, such as accidents, homicide and suicide, often require additional investigation that tends to delay certification of the cause and manner of death. This can result in significant under-reporting of these deaths in provisional data.

The final data tables include both deaths that occurred in each California county regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence) and deaths to residents of each California county (by residence), whereas the provisional data table only includes deaths that occurred in each county regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence). The data are reported as totals, as well as stratified by age, gender, race-ethnicity, and death place type. Deaths due to all causes (ALL) and selected underlying cause of death categories are provided. See temporal coverage for more information on which combinations are available for which years.

The cause of death categories are based solely on the underlying cause of death as coded by the International Classification of Diseases. The underlying cause of death is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury." It is a single value assigned to each death based on the details as entered on the death certificate. When more than one cause is listed, the order in which they are listed can affect which cause is coded as the underlying cause. This means that similar events could be coded with different underlying causes of death depending on variations in how they were entered. Consequently, while underlying cause of death provides a convenient comparison between cause of death categories, it may not capture the full impact of each cause of death as it does not always take into account all conditions contributing to the death.

This table contains the number of deaths in the population of the Netherlands by underlying cause of death. The causes of death are shown according to the extensive list of 'three digit codes', by age and sex.

Since 2013 Statistics Netherlands is using Iris software for automatic coding for cause of death. This improved the international comparison of the data. The change in coding did cause a considerable shift in the statistic. Since 2013 the (yearly) ICD-10 updates are applied.

Data available from: 1996

Status of the figures: All figures are final.

Changes as of February 14th 2025: For 2023 one death by 'Acute poliomyelitis (A80)' is moved to 'Sequelae of poliomyelitis (B91)'.

When will new figures be published? The aim is to publish the provisional figures of 2024 in the third quarter of 2025.

As of 2022, the third leading cause of death among teenagers aged 15 to 19 years in the United States was intentional self-harm or suicide, contributing around 17 percent of deaths among age group. The leading cause of death at that time was unintentional injuries, contributing to around 37.4 percent of deaths, while 21.8 percent of all deaths in this age group were due to assault or homicide. Cancer and heart disease, the overall leading causes of death in the United States, are also among the leading causes of death among U.S. teenagers. Adolescent suicide in the United States In 2021, around 22 percent of students in grades 9 to 12 reported that they had seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year. Female students were around twice as likely to report seriously considering suicide compared to male students. In 2022, Montana had the highest rate of suicides among U.S. teenagers with around 39 deaths per 100,000 teenagers, followed by South Dakota with a rate of 33 per 100,000. The states with the lowest death rates among adolescents are New York and New Jersey. Mental health treatment Suicidal thoughts are a clear symptom of mental health issues. Mental health issues are not rare among children and adolescents, and treatment for such issues has become increasingly accepted and accessible. In 2021, around 15 percent of boys and girls aged 5 to 17 years had received some form of mental health treatment in the past year. At that time, around 35 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 years in the United States who were receiving specialty mental health services were doing so because they had thought about killing themselves or had already tried to kill themselves.

Around 10% of all cancer cases are colorectal cancer, making it the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the third most common type of cancer overall. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2040, there will be 3.2 million new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 1.6 million deaths worldwide, up from an expected 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths in 2020, with a large percentage of deaths attributable to metastatic disease. The colorectal cancer epidemiology forecast report will provide a comprehensive analysis of the disease's prevalence, incidence trends, and patient demographics across key regions.

According to cognitive market research, the global lung cancer therapeutics market size was valued at USD xx billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD xx billion at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.

The lungs are two spongy organs in the chest that control breathing. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. People who smoke have the greatest risk of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer increases with the length of time and number of cigarettes smoked.
The market is anticipated to expand over the forecast period as a result of the high disease incidence rate and the rising number of drug approvals
The chemotherapy segment dominated the lung cancer therapeutics market revenue in 2024 and is projected to be the fastest-growing segment during the forecast period. Chemotherapy goes throughout the entire body for tumor cells, whereas radiation and surgery target a single region of the body.
Moreover, this market dominance is a result of consumers' growing propensity to buy pharmaceuticals from hospital pharmacies due to the availability of a large variety of medicines.
There are numerous products involved in the procedure of lung cancer therapeutics, which makes it costlier. Furthermore, the high maintenance cost of the instruments adds up to the total cost.

Market Dynamics of the Lung Cancer Therapeutics

Key Drivers of the Lung Cancer Therapeutics

The strong prevalence of lung cancer is notably driving market growth.

One of the most prevalent forms of cancer is lung cancer. Several reasons, including the aging population and lifestyle changes, have contributed to a notable increase in the number of new instances of cancer, particularly lung cancer, in recent years. In the United States, 6.2% of the population is at risk of developing lung cancer. Lung cancer still has a very high death rate, even with recent declines in the rate, which presents a market potential for suppliers. The market is anticipated to expand over the forecast period as a result of the high disease incidence rate and the rising number of drug approvals. • For instance, according to the 2022 report by the American Lung Association, while the disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among women and men, the survival rate over the past five years has increased from 21% nationally to 25% yet remains significantly lower among communities of color at 20%. Hence, the increasing prevalence of cancer and the need for effective treatment is likely to contribute to market growth. (Source:https://www.lung.org/research/state-of-lung-cancer/key-findings)

Rising pollution due to rapid industrialization increases the incidences of lung cancer

Air pollution (outdoor and indoor particulate matter and ozone) is closely linked to the rising prevalence of heart disease and strokes, lung cancer, lower respiratory infections, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Global Burden of Disease Study Report (2019) ranks air pollution as the third leading cause of death worldwide. Globally, air pollution is responsible for 6.82 million deaths annually, of which 33% are caused by interior pollution and 66% by outdoor pollution. • For instance, According to the conference organized by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), ‘Lung Cancer- Awareness, Prevention, Challenges & Treatment’, air pollution is the leading cause of the rise of lung cancer in the country. Around 63 out of the 100 most polluted places on earth belong to India. (Source:https://www.assocham.org/press-release-page.php?release-name=air-pollution-is-the-major-cause-of-lung-cancer-in-india-say-health-experts)

Restraints of the Lung Cancer Therapeutics

Regional disparities in treatment will hamper the market for lung cancer therapeutics

Lung cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and its impact is particularly felt in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to early and effective diagnosis and treatment is often restricted. WHO data show that whereas 90% of cancer patients in high-income countries have access to therapy, only roughly 30% of cancer patients in low-income countries do. There are numerous products involved in the procedure of lung cancer therapeutics, which makes it costlier. Furthermore, the high maintenance cost of the i...

Immuno Oncology Diagnosis Market Outlook

The global immuno oncology diagnosis market size was valued at $2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach $7.9 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.7% during the forecast period. This marketÂ’s growth is driven primarily by the rising incidence of cancer and advancements in diagnostic technologies that enable early and precise detection of oncological conditions.

One of the primary growth factors for the immuno oncology diagnosis market is the increasing prevalence of cancer globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths in 2020. The rising cancer incidence necessitates advanced diagnostic solutions to ensure early detection and effective treatment, thereby driving the demand for immuno oncology diagnostics. Additionally, the growing awareness about the importance of early cancer diagnosis among the general population and healthcare providers further fuels market growth.

Another significant growth factor is the advancements in diagnostic technologies. Innovations such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry have revolutionized the field of oncology diagnostics. These technologies offer enhanced accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in detecting cancer biomarkers, thereby improving diagnostic outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in diagnostic tools also holds immense potential for improving diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, further propelling market growth.

The increasing investment in cancer research and development by governments, healthcare organizations, and pharmaceutical companies is also a key driver for the market. Significant funding and grants are being allocated to cancer research initiatives to develop innovative diagnostic and treatment solutions. The collaboration between academic and research institutes, diagnostic laboratories, and biotechnology companies is fostering the development of advanced diagnostic assays, kits, and instruments, thereby contributing to market growth.

Immuno-Oncology is a rapidly evolving field that plays a crucial role in the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for cancer. This area focuses on harnessing the body's immune system to identify and combat cancer cells, offering a promising approach to cancer treatment. The integration of immuno-oncology in diagnostics has led to the development of advanced assays and biomarkers that enhance the precision of cancer detection and monitoring. By understanding the interactions between the immune system and cancer cells, researchers can develop targeted therapies that improve patient outcomes. The continuous advancements in immuno-oncology are expected to drive significant growth in the diagnostic market, providing new opportunities for early detection and personalized treatment strategies.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the immuno oncology diagnosis market, attributed to the presence of a well-established healthcare infrastructure, high adoption of advanced diagnostic technologies, and significant investment in cancer research. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the increasing prevalence of cancer, improving healthcare infrastructure, and rising awareness about early cancer diagnosis. Europe also holds a significant market share, with countries like Germany, France, and the UK leading in cancer research and diagnostics.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the immuno oncology diagnosis market includes assays, kits, reagents, instruments, and software. Assays are a crucial component in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer as they provide detailed information about the presence and progression of the disease. These assays are designed to detect specific cancer biomarkers, thus aiding in accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment planning. The increasing demand for early and precise cancer diagnosis is driving the growth of the assays segment. Furthermore, the development of advanced assays with higher sensitivity and specificity is anticipated to boost the market growth.

Kits are another essential product type in the immuno oncology diagnosis

According to Cognitive Market Research , the global Targeted Cancer Drugs Market size will be XX million by 2033, whereas its compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 to 2033. • North America held the largest share of the global Targeted Cancer Drugs market around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Asia Pacific held a market share of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Europe accounted for a share of over XX% of the global market size of USD XX million. • The Latin American market is around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. • Middle East and Africa held the major market of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. Market Dynamics of the Targeted Cancer Drugs Market

Key Drivers of the Targeted Cancer Drugs Market

Rising incidence of cancer enhances the targeted cancer drugs market growth

Tobacco use, high body mass index, alcohol usage, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and lack of physical activity are responsible for about one-third of cancer-related risk. Furthermore, one significant risk factor for lung cancer is air pollution. About 30% of cancer cases in low- and lower-middle-income nations are caused by diseases that cause cancer, such as hepatitis and the human papillomavirus (HPV). How frequently a cancer arises (incidence) and how long people typically live after being diagnosed (survival) are the two factors that determine cancer prevalence. This indicates that the most prevalent malignancies with the longest survival have the highest prevalence counts. Compared to a less common cancer with a longer survival, a common cancer with a shorter survival may have a lower prevalence count. For instance, according to the American Cancer Society 2023, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a less common cancer, has a higher prevalence rate than lung cancer, despite lung cancer being one of the most common malignancies in the US. There are more persons living after a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma than after a diagnostic of lung cancer because those with non-Hodgkin lymphoma have a higher chance of surviving longer than those with lung cancer. There were 1,777,566 new cases of cancer reported in the US in 2021. An estimated 608,366 Americans lost their lives to cancer in 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/data/index.html In the twenty-first century, cancer is a significant social, public health, and economic issue, accounting for about one in six fatalities (16.8%) and one in four deaths (22.8%) from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Three out of ten premature deaths worldwide are caused by NCDs (30.3% in people aged 30 to 69), and in 177 out of 183 nations, it ranks among the top three causes of death for this age group. Apart from being a significant hindrance to extending life expectancy, cancer is linked to significant societal and macroeconomic expenses, which differ in extent depending on the type of cancer, location, and gender. For instance, according to International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2022, there were about 20 million new cases of cancer, including nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), and 9.7 million cancer-related deaths. According to estimates, one in five men and women will get cancer at some point in their lives, while one in nine men and one in twelve women will pass away from the disease. With about 2.5 million new cases, or one in eight cancers worldwide (12.4% of all cancers), lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2022. It was followed by stomach (4.9%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and female breast (11.6%) cancers. With an anticipated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), lung cancer was also the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), female breast (6.9%), and stomach (6.8%) cancers were next in line. The two most common cancers in both men and women were lung and breast cancer. https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wile...

Cancer Early Detection Market Outlook

The global cancer early detection market size is projected to grow significantly from $15.3 billion in 2023 to $38.9 billion by 2032, demonstrating a robust CAGR of 10.8% over the forecast period. This growth is driven by heightened awareness about cancer, advancements in diagnostic technologies, and increasing government initiatives. The rising incidence of cancer and the critical importance of early detection in improving survival rates are key factors propelling this market's expansion.

Several growth factors contribute to the burgeoning demand for cancer early detection methods. Advances in medical technology, particularly in imaging and molecular diagnostics, have made it possible to detect cancer at much earlier stages than before. These technological strides have not only increased the accuracy of early detection but also reduced the cost and complexity associated with these tests. As a result, more healthcare providers are adopting these advanced diagnostic tools, thereby driving the market forward.

Public awareness campaigns and initiatives by governmental and non-governmental organizations have played a significant role in increasing the demand for early cancer detection tests. These campaigns emphasize the importance of early diagnosis in improving survival rates and reducing treatment costs. As awareness grows, more people are opting for regular screenings, contributing to the market's expansion. Additionally, healthcare policies in many countries are beginning to cover early detection tests, further driving market growth.

Another critical factor is the increasing prevalence of cancer globally. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The rising incidence of cancer can be attributed to various factors, including aging populations, lifestyle changes, and environmental factors. This increasing prevalence underscores the urgent need for early detection, which can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Consequently, the demand for early detection tests is expected to rise.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the cancer early detection market, driven by advanced healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and strong awareness about early cancer detection. Europe follows closely, with considerable investments in healthcare and strong government initiatives supporting early diagnosis. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate, attributed to increasing healthcare investments, growing awareness, and a rising burden of cancer. Meanwhile, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are also showing promising growth, albeit at a slower pace, due to improving healthcare infrastructure and growing awareness about cancer.

In recent years, the emergence of Multifunctional Disease Detection Therapys has revolutionized the landscape of cancer diagnostics. These therapies integrate advanced technologies to simultaneously detect multiple diseases, including various types of cancer, through a single diagnostic platform. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of early detection but also reduces the overall burden on healthcare systems by streamlining the diagnostic process. By leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as AI and machine learning, these multifunctional therapies can analyze vast amounts of data to identify subtle patterns indicative of cancer, thereby improving the accuracy and speed of diagnosis. As the demand for comprehensive and efficient diagnostic solutions grows, the adoption of Multifunctional Disease Detection Therapys is expected to rise, further driving the expansion of the cancer early detection market.

Test Type Analysis

Imaging tests are among the most widely used methods for early cancer detection. These tests include mammography, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound, each playing a crucial role in identifying tumors at an early stage. Mammography, for instance, is the gold standard for early breast cancer detection and has significantly reduced mortality rates. MRI and CT scans are invaluable for detecting various types of cancers, including those in hard-to-reach areas. The continuous advancements in imaging technologies, such as the development of AI-based imaging tools, are expected to further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these tests.

Chronic Diseases Management Market Outlook

The global chronic diseases management market size was valued at approximately USD 4.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 10.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide, along with advancements in healthcare technology and a growing awareness of preventive healthcare measures.

One of the primary growth factors for the chronic diseases management market is the rising prevalence of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer. These conditions are becoming increasingly common due to aging populations, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that chronic diseases are responsible for 71% of all deaths globally, highlighting the critical need for effective management solutions. Furthermore, the economic burden of chronic diseases is substantial, prompting healthcare systems and governments to invest in chronic disease management programs to reduce long-term healthcare costs.

Technological advancements have significantly contributed to the growth of the chronic diseases management market. Innovations such as telemedicine, remote monitoring devices, and mobile health applications have made it easier for patients to manage their conditions from the comfort of their homes. These technologies enable continuous monitoring of vital signs, medication adherence, and real-time communication with healthcare providers, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital readmissions. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and data analytics in chronic disease management solutions has enhanced the ability to predict disease progression and tailor personalized treatment plans.

Another critical growth factor is the increasing awareness and emphasis on preventive healthcare. Governments and healthcare organizations are launching various initiatives and campaigns to educate the public about the importance of early detection and management of chronic diseases. Preventive healthcare measures, such as regular health check-ups, lifestyle modifications, and vaccination programs, play a vital role in reducing the incidence and severity of chronic conditions. Moreover, healthcare payers, including insurance companies, are recognizing the long-term cost benefits of investing in chronic disease management programs and are offering incentives for patients and providers to adopt these solutions.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the chronic diseases management market due to its well-established healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and a significant burden of chronic diseases. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. Factors such as the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, improving healthcare infrastructure, rising disposable incomes, and growing awareness about chronic disease management are driving market growth in this region. Additionally, government initiatives to enhance healthcare services and the adoption of advanced technologies are further propelling the market expansion in the Asia Pacific.

Disease Type Analysis

Cardiovascular diseases, including conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The management of cardiovascular diseases involves a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle modifications, medication management, and regular monitoring of vital signs. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, driven by factors such as aging populations, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles, is a significant driver for this segment. Moreover, advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment options, such as wearable devices and telemedicine, are enhancing the management of cardiovascular diseases.

Diabetes management is another critical segment of the chronic diseases management market. With the rising incidence of diabetes globally, there is a growing need for effective management strategies to prevent complications and improve patients' quality of life. Diabetes management includes regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, medication adherence, dietary modifications, and physical activity. The development of innovative technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps, has revolutionized diabetes

Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models Market Outlook

The global Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models market size was valued at approximately USD 150 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 450 million by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of various types of cancers and the rising need for effective preclinical models that closely mimic human tumor biology.

A significant growth factor for the Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models market is the rising incidence of cancer worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, which necessitates the development of advanced and reliable preclinical models to study cancer biology and treatment efficacy. PDX models retain the histological and genetic characteristics of the patient tumors from which they are derived, thereby providing a more accurate platform for testing anti-cancer drugs.

Another major driver is the increasing investment in oncology research and development by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The pharmaceutical industry is continually seeking more accurate and predictive models to reduce the high attrition rates during the drug discovery and development process. PDX models offer a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic agents before they enter clinical trials, thereby improving the success rates and reducing development costs.

Moreover, the growing focus on personalized medicine is propelling the demand for PDX models. Personalized medicine aims to tailor treatments based on the genetic profile of individual patients, and PDX models provide an indispensable resource for this approach by closely mimicking the patient’s tumor environment. This allows researchers to test multiple therapeutic strategies on the same patient-derived tumor, thereby identifying the most effective treatment regimen for individual patients.

Regionally, North America is expected to hold the largest share of the PDX models market due to the high prevalence of cancer, well-established healthcare infrastructure, and significant funding for cancer research. Europe follows closely, driven by similar factors including strong academic and research institutions and supportive government initiatives. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate, attributed to increasing cancer incidence, improving healthcare infrastructure, and rising investments in biotechnology research.

Tumor Type Analysis

The Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models market by tumor type includes segments such as lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and others. Among these, the lung cancer segment holds a significant share due to its high prevalence and mortality rate. Lung cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, thus necessitating the development of effective preclinical models to study its progression and treatment.

Breast cancer is another major segment within the PDX models market. Breast cancer research benefits immensely from PDX models as they provide an accurate representation of the tumor's genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This segment is expected to grow steadily, driven by ongoing research and development efforts to find effective treatments and the high incidence rate of breast cancer among women globally.

The colorectal cancer segment is also experiencing substantial growth. Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, and the demand for PDX models in this segment is driven by the need for better understanding and treatment of this disease. PDX models allow researchers to study the tumor microenvironment and test new therapeutic agents more effectively.

Pancreatic cancer, known for its poor prognosis and high mortality rate, represents a crucial area for PDX model application. The unique biological characteristics of pancreatic tumors, such as their dense stroma and resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents, make PDX models an invaluable tool for studying this challenging cancer type. The segment is expected to see increased utilization as researchers seek to develop better treatment strategies.

Prostate cancer, another significant segment, benefits from the use of PDX models in understanding tumor progression and resistance mechanisms. Prostate cancer res

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Heparin Market Size is USD XX Million in 2024 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Million by the end of 2033 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2033.

North America held largest share of XX% in the year 2024 
Europe held share of XX% in the year 2024 
Asia-Pacific held significant share of XX% in the year 2024 
South America held significant share of XX% in the year 2024
Middle East and Africa held significant share of XX% in the year 2024 

Market Dynamics of Heparin Market

Key Drivers for Heparin Market

Increasing Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases is inflating the heparin market.

Chronic blood diseases cases are increasing exponentially and are expected to propel the global antiplatelet drugs market. Chronic disease prevalence increase is due to drive the market. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is one of the key drivers of the growth rate of the antiplatelet drugs market. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in both developed and developing economies.

It is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that more than 8,00,000 people in the United States pass away every year due to stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. For instance, a World Health Organization (WHO) study has reported that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for approximately 31% of total patient deaths every year. For instance, in 2022, as noted in a National Library of Medicine study, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were responsible for approximately 19.8 million deaths globally, necessitating the effective treatment of heparin in controlling thrombosis and mitigating mortality rates of CVD-related complications. The increasing rate of CVDs is a major factor behind the need for heparin: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. VTE risk doubles every decade after the age of 40, and is also very high among inpatients, with the incidence of 10 to 20 cases per 1,000 admissions. Atrial fibrillation, a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, occurs in an estimated 12.1 million Americans by 2030, and this boosts the demand for anticoagulant drugs such as heparin. These highlights the imperative function of heparin in treating and preventing cardiovascular disease-related complications, thus fueling market expansion.

Rising number of geriatric populations increases CVD which in turn increases the usage of heparin and the market is expanding.

Growing geriatric population globally is expected to support heparin drugs demand since this group is susceptible to heart diseases. The population of individuals over 65 years is expected to double in the future years. The old-aged individuals are susceptible to many chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, which can encourage the demand for heparin drugs globally. There were approximately 382 million aged people, aged 60 years and older, in the world in 2017 and it is projected to grow to 2.1 billion by 2050, as per the United Nations. Older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often face the challenge of managing multiple chronic or multimorbid conditions, leading to a significant drug burden that complicates their treatment. With the prevalence of multimorbidity ranging from 30% to 83% in individuals aged 65 and older, cardiovascular comorbidities are frequently reported as the most common combination of chronic diseases. This situation is further exacerbated by issues such as functional decline and complex geriatric syndromes (GSs), which are major concerns in the management of this population. Notably, polypharmacy, defined as the simultaneous use of five or more medications, affects 26.3% to 40% of older adults, with excessive polypharmacy impacting around 10%. The incidence of polypharmacy can reach alarming rates, with studies indicating a 53% to 87% incidence over three years. The presence of geriatric syndromes, which can affect 10% to 60% of older adults, significantly contributes to declines in functional status and quality of life, increased hospital admissions, and higher mortality rates. Additionally, frailty, characterized by a reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, affects 10% of older adults, with rates as high as 60% in those with severe ...

As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks as the fourth leading cause of death across the globe, responsible for nearly 5% of all deaths worldwide in 2021. In high-income countries, more than 70% of COPD cases are attributed to tobacco smoking.

According to cognitive market research-"Global Oncology Nutrition market size 2023 was XX Million. Oncology Nutrition Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2024 till 2031."

  The lung cancer segment contributes the most to the market and is predicted to develop at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period.
  Oral nutrition supplements (ons) are the application category's dominant subsegment.
  Hospitals are the dominant sub-segment in the end-user category. Hospitals play a crucial role in cancer care and treatment, with specialised oncology departments.
  The North American area is the largest contributor to the market and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period due to the rising prevalence of cancer in the American region.
  Asia-Pacific is likely to experience the fastest growth in the oncology nutrition market during the forecast period, owing to rising nutrition awareness initiatives for cancer patients.

Current scenario of the oncology nutrition market

Key drivers of the Oncology Nutrition market

The increasing prevalence of cancer is driving market expansion.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) ranks cancer as the world's second largest cause of death. According to WHO figures, around 25% of cancer patients die as a result of malnutrition caused by sickness or anticancer medication. In 2020, there were an anticipated 18.1 million cancer cases worldwide. There were 9.3 million male and 8.8 million female cases. In 2020, breast and lung cancers accounted for 12.5% and 12.2% of all new cases diagnosed globally, respectively. In 2020, there were around 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer, accounting for 10.7% of all new cases. Lung cancer was the most common cancer in men globally in 2020, accounting for 15.4% of all new cases. Lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer accounted for 41.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Stomach and liver cancers each accounted for more than 5%. In 2020, breast cancer accounted for 25.8% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in women globally. Breast, colorectal, and lung cancers made for 44.5% of all cancer cases (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Cervical cancer was the fourth most common cancer among women in 2020, accounting for 6.9% of all newly diagnosed cases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer

Increasingly Ageing Population to Drive Market Expansion

Over 1.5 billion individuals will be elderly in the world in 2050, having doubled in the previous three decades. Between 2019 and 2050, the number of elderly people is expected to rise throughout all regions. However, Eastern and Southeast Asia will see the biggest increase.. The World Health Organisation (WHO) projects that by 2050, the proportion of elderly people worldwide will almost double, from 12% to 22%. The market has enormous potential and is very profitable. Furthermore, the growing older population is predicted to drive the industry's growth in the near future because they are more likely to develop cancer. According to WHO figures, the global population aged 60 and above is expected to exceed 2 billion by 2050. Individuals 65 and older account for almost 60% of all malignancies. Furthermore, this stage accounts for roughly 70% of all cancer-related deaths. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health#:~:text=By%202050%2C%20the%20world's%20population,2050%20to%20reach%20426%20million.

Constraints for the global Oncology Nutrition market

High Cost and complications of Oncology Nutrition Products

The high cost of oncology nutrition products is a major barrier to growth in the global industry. Cancer patients may require specialised goods with precise nutrient formulations to suit their dietary needs. Specialised goods are more expensive than ordinary nutritional supplements due to increased costs for research, manufacturing, and quality control. Personalised nutrition planning and counselling services increase the expense of oncology nutrition. The high cost of these products may limit their accessibility and affordability, especially for lower-income individuals or patients. Tube feeding difficulties are projected to slow the oncology nutrition market's development pace. Constipation, dehydration,...

The leading causes of death among children aged 5 to 9 years in the United States in 2022 were unintentional injuries, cancer, and congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities. At that time, unintentional injuries accounted for around 28 percent of all deaths among this age group. Child abuse in the U.S. Sadly, assault or homicide, was the fourth leading cause of death among those aged 5 to 9 years in the United States in 2022, accounting for around 9.4 percent of all deaths. That year, there were around 113,259 cases of child abuse in the U.S. among children aged 6 to 9 years and 129,846 cases among children aged 2 to 5 years. In 2022, there were around 5.36 child deaths per day in the United States due to abuse and neglect. Suicide among children Assault or homicide was also among the top five leading causes of death among children aged 10 to 14 years, but perhaps even more troubling is that suicide is the second leading cause of death among this age group. As with younger children, unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among those aged 10 to 14 years, however, suicide accounts for around 13 percent of all deaths among this age group. Comparatively, suicide is not among the ten-leading causes of death among children from the age 1 to 9 years.

According to cognitive market research, the Global radiofrequency ablation devices market was valued at USD xx million in 2024, growing at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2030 to reach USD xx billion by 2031.

The demand for radiofrequency ablation devices is witnessing growth due to the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, rising geriatric population, and technological advancement in product development and design improvement. Radiofrequency ablation device that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells.
The rise in the no of geriatric population is expected to raise the market growth of the radiofrequency ablation device market for pain management over the forecast period. The elderly population often experiences a higher incidence of chronic conditions such as cancer, cardiac arrhythmias, and musculoskeletal disorders which may require treatment with RFA.
Innovations in energy delivery systems, imaging guidance techniques and temperature monitoring technologies can enhance treatment outcomes and patient experience. With a growing trend towards minimally invasive procedures, there is an opportunity for RFA devices to gain market share as patients and healthcare providers seek alternatives to traditional surgical interventions.
Compared to traditional surgical interventions, RFA offers several advantages, including shorter recovery times, reduced risk of complications, and the ability to treat tumors in difficult-to-reach locations. As patients and healthcare providers increasingly prioritize minimally invasive treatment options, the demand for RFA devices is expected to rise.
Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for small cancers. Furthermore, radiofrequency ablation is not the main treatment for cancers, it is often used as an alternative treatment, therefore the rising prevalence of cancers of different etiologies is also expected to contribute to the growing demand for radiofrequency ablation devices during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics of the Radiofrequency Ablation Devices Market

Key Drivers of the Radiofrequency Ablation Devices Market

A rise in cancer incidences is expected to propel the growth of global radiofrequency ablation device market

Cancer incidence rates have been steadily increasing globally due to factors such as the aging population, lifestyle changes, environmental factors, and improved detection and diagnosis. As the no of cancer cases rises, there is a corresponding increase in the demand for effective treatment modalities, including radiofrequency ablation. Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that utilizes heat generated from radiofrequency waves to destroy cancerous cells. Compared to traditional surgical interventions, RFA offers several advantages, including shorter recovery times, reduced risk of complications, and the ability to treat tumors in difficult-to-reach locations. As patients and healthcare providers increasingly prioritize minimally invasive treatment options, the demand for RFA devices is expected to rise. The most common cancers are breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon and rectum cancer. Breast cancer was the most common disease in 2020. • For instance, in February 2022, according to data provided by the World Health Organization cancer was a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths due to cancer. (Source:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer)

An increase in the no of geriatric people who receive treatment from radiofrequency ablation devices propels the market growth.

The rise in the no of geriatric population is expected to raise the market growth of the radiofrequency ablation device market for pain management over the forecast period. The elderly population often experiences a higher incidence of chronic conditions such as cancer, cardiac arrhythmias, and musculoskeletal disorders which may require treatment with RFA. As the geriatric population grows so does the demand for minimally invasive treatment options like RFA to manage these conditions effectively. Aging is associated with an increased risk of certain diseases and conditions, including various types of cancer, and osteoid osteomas. RFA offers a minimally invasive approach to treating these conditions, making it an attractive optio...