In 2021, malignant neoplasms, commonly called cancer, was responsible for ***** percent of deaths caused by major diseases in urban China. Its mortality rate stood at ***** deaths per 100,000 population in 2021. Heart diseases and cerebrovascular disease were also among the top three death causes.

In 2021, heart diseases were responsible for ***** percent of deaths caused by major diseases in rural China. Its mortality rate stood at ****** deaths per 100,000 population in 2021, much higher than that in urban China.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived leading causes of death through interpersonal violence in China as of 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, Chinese respondents overestimated the number of violent deaths caused by firearms and knives. Around 21 percent of respondents thought that most people killed through interpersonal violence died from firearms, when the actual share of firearm victims was around four percent of all violent deaths in China.

ObjectivePromoting adolescent health is essential to achieving the goals of the Healthy China 2030 (HC 2030) initiative. As socioeconomic conditions improve and medical practices and disease patterns evolve, adolescent mortality rates and causes of death vary considerably. This study provides up-to-date data on adolescent mortality and causes of death in China, highlighting key areas of focus for investment in adolescent health.MethodsData regarding mortality and causes of death in Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019. The data variables were examined according to year, sex, and age. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality rates and rank changes in the leading causes of death until 2030.ResultsThe all-cause mortality rate (per 100,000 population) of Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years steadily declined from 1990 (72.6/100,000) to 2019 (28.8). Male adolescents had a higher mortality (37.5/100,000 vs. 18.6 in 2019) and a slower decline rate (percent: −58.7 vs. −65.0) than female adolescents. Regarding age, compared with those aged 10–14 years, the mortality rate of adolescents aged 15–19 years had a higher mortality (35.9/100,000 vs. 21.2 in 2019) and a slower decrease rate (percent: −57.6 vs. −63.2). From 1990 to 2019, the rates of communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases declined the most (percent: −80.0), while injury and NCDs mortality rates were relatively slow (percent: −50.0 and −60.0). In 2019, the five leading causes of death were road injuries (6.1/100,000), drowning (4.5), self-harm (1.9), leukemia (1.9), and congenital birth defects (1.3). Furthermore, NCDs' mortality rate decreased by −46.6% and −45.4% between 2015–2030 and 2016–2030, respectively.ConclusionA notable decline was observed in all-cause mortality rates among Chinese adolescents aged 10–19 years. In addition, the mortality rates of NCDs are projected to meet the target from the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health (2016–2030) and HC2030 reduction indicators by 2030. However, it should be noted that injury is the leading cause of death, with sexual and age disparities remaining consistent.

Provides the top ten leading causes of death in Hsinchu County in the 110th year of the Republic of China

Provide the top ten leading causes of death in Hsinchu County in the 112th year of the Republic of China

Provide the top ten main causes of death in Hsinchu County in the 111st year of the Republic of China.

In 2024, the total number of deaths in China amounted to around ***** million. The number of deaths increased slightly but steadily over the past two decades, only disrupted by the coronavirus pandemic. This trend is mainly related to China’s demographic development and is expected to accelerate in the upcoming years. China’s aging society China had the second largest population on earth in 2024. However, population growth in China has gradually decreased over the last decades and finally turned negative in 2022. Together with steadily improving health standards and growing life expectancy, this has led to a quickly aging society. As relatively large age cohorts are now reaching the years of retirement, the number of elderly in the country is projected to increase quickly. This is especially visible in the number of people aged 80 years and above, which is expected to rise more than four-fold from ** million in 2020 to *** million in 2050. This development will probably be the main factor leading to a growing number of mortalities in China in the upcoming years. China’s mortality rate in comparison Globally, China’s mortality rate is at a low range at slightly less than eight deaths per thousand inhabitants annually. The low mortality rate was a result of political stability and steady improvements in the health system. As the Chinese population grows older, cancer, heart attacks, and cerebrovascular diseases are increasingly common causes of death. In comparison to most Western countries, the number of fatalities due to COVID-19 was low in 2020 and 2021, but there was a slight excess mortality in 2023 and. Most common infectious diseases with high death rates in China were *********************************** in 2021.

In 2023, China recorded 60,028 fatalities in traffic accidents across the country. The number of fatalities has increased from 60,676in the previous year. Road traffic in China The number of road traffic fatalities in China varies greatly from region to region. Guangdong and Hubei had been the provinces with the highest number of traffic fatalities. All located in the eastern coastal area of China, they had also been the regions with the most traffic accidents in 2023. On the contrary, only a small number of fatalities had been reported in central and western regions of China. Reasons for this imbalance may be found in less traffic volume as well as the existence of fewer urban congested areas.Since 2016, the number of casualties and fatalities from traffic accidents in China has increased significantly, reaching 25,3895 injuries and 60,028 deaths in 2023. Nevertheless, traffic accidents have emerged as one of the leading causes of death in China. The primary reasons may be unregulated road works and a lack of awareness among Chinese drivers. The development of neither road infrastructure nor driving behavior in China had been able to keep up with the increasing number of traffic participants and registered cars. As of 2003, only 24 million vehicles had been registered in China, whereas by 2019 that number had skyrocketed to 253.76 million cars. In 2023 alone, the number of newly registered vehicles in China had amounted to around 24.5 million cars.

Additional file 1. Age-specific mortality rate in different areas in 2004 and 2014, China.

BackgroundEven in low and middle income countries most deaths occur in older adults. In Europe, the effects of better education and home ownership upon mortality seem to persist into old age, but these effects may not generalise to LMICs. Reliable data on causes and determinants of mortality are lacking. Methods and FindingsThe vital status of 12,373 people aged 65 y and over was determined 3–5 y after baseline survey in sites in Latin America, India, and China. We report crude and standardised mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios comparing mortality experience with that in the United States, and estimated associations with socioeconomic factors using Cox's proportional hazards regression. Cause-specific mortality fractions were estimated using the InterVA algorithm. Crude mortality rates varied from 27.3 to 70.0 per 1,000 person-years, a 3-fold variation persisting after standardisation for demographic and economic factors. Compared with the US, mortality was much higher in urban India and rural China, much lower in Peru, Venezuela, and urban Mexico, and similar in other sites. Mortality rates were higher among men, and increased with age. Adjusting for these effects, it was found that education, occupational attainment, assets, and pension receipt were all inversely associated with mortality, and food insecurity positively associated. Mutually adjusted, only education remained protective (pooled hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98). Most deaths occurred at home, but, except in India, most individuals received medical attention during their final illness. Chronic diseases were the main causes of death, together with tuberculosis and liver disease, with stroke the leading cause in nearly all sites. ConclusionsEducation seems to have an important latent effect on mortality into late life. However, compositional differences in socioeconomic position do not explain differences in mortality between sites. Social protection for older people, and the effectiveness of health systems in preventing and treating chronic disease, may be as important as economic and human development. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

Since 2008, HIV/AIDS remains the most fatal infectious disease in China. In 2021, almost ** out of one million people in China died from AIDS. Tuberculosis stood at the second place, while rabies ranked the fourth.

Who are the high risk groups?

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has become a growing concern for the major population in China. A majority of new infections were the result from sexual transmission. Although the prevalence rate has been relatively low, the trend of new diagnoses in people aged from 15 to 24 years has been alarming, with gay men disproportionately represented.

Children under the age of ** are the most vulnerable group to contract common infectious diseases like influenza and HFMD. The Chinese government has thus introduced healthcare initiatives dedicated to vaccinating children up to the age of ** under the Extended Program for Immunization (EPI). The efforts have been fruitful with significant improvement in the healthcare status of children under the age of **** in the country.

How is disease controlled in China?

The world’s most populous nation has made considerable efforts in tracking and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Alongside geographical and demographic challenges, the mortality rate of infectious diseases has seen a slight increase over the recent years. Seasonal diseases, especially Influenza and mumps, are easily widespread and have pressed the demand for efficient disease prevention and control. In response, the Chinese government has ramped up the supply of influenza vaccines and HPV vaccines.

Cancer was responsible for around *********** deaths in China in 2022. Although treatment methods have significantly improved in the past few decades, cancer remained the second leading cause of death among China’s urban population, and the third leading cause of death among the rural population. Lung cancer was by far the leading cause of cancer deaths in China, making up more than a quarter of all cancer deaths. It has killed over *** thousand patients in 2022.

Surviving cancer

Cancer is a diverse group of diseases, and the survival rates for it can vary significantly depending on the type of cancer. Certain cancers, such as prostate and thyroid cancers are generally less dangerous, as the development of tumors is slow, and treatments for these are effective. On the other hand, some of the other types of cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer, can develop at faster rates, invading organs nearby or developing metastases more easily. Consequently, this can be more challenging to detect or treat, thereby, resulting in low survival rates. The number of deaths resulting from pancreatic cancer is almost identical to the number of incidences in China, with ******* deaths and ******* new cases in 2022.

Risk factors

It is difficult to determine an individual’s cancer risks, but it is now clear that certain elements can increase the probability of developing the disease. In China, hearly half of the deaths from cancer were caused by risk factors that are preventable. These include smoking, lack of physical activities, unhealthy diet, alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, infectious diseases, and environmental factors like air pollution. Smoking has long been one of the most eminent causes of cancer deaths in China. Close to a quarter of male cancer deaths and one in 20 female cancer deaths are attributed to it. As more than one in four people aged 15 and above in China are smokers, smoking cessation can contribute significantly to the reduction of cancer incidences and deaths in the country. 

BackgroundChina's rapid economic and social development since the early 2000s has caused significant shifts in its epidemiological transition, potentially leading to health disparities across regions.ObjectivesThis study employs Life Expectancy (LE) to assess health disparities and trends among China's eastern, central, and western regions. It also examines the pace of LE gains relative to empirical trends and investigates age and causes of death mortality improvement contributing to regional LE gaps.Data and methodsUsing a log-quadratic model, the study estimates LE in China and its regions from 2004 to 2020, using census and death cause surveillance data. It also utilizes the Human Mortality Database (HMD) and the LE gains by LE level approach to analyze China and its regions' LE gains in comparison to empirical trend of developed countries. The study investigates changes in LE gaps due to age and causes of death mortality improvements during two periods, 2004–2012 and 2012–2020, through the LE factor decomposition method.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2020, China's LE exhibited faster pace of gains compared to developed countries. While men's LE growth gradually aligns with empirical trends, women experience slightly higher growth rates. Regional LE disparities significantly reduced from 2004 to 2012, with a marginal reduction from 2012 to 2020. In the latter period, the changing LE gap aligns with expected trends in developed countries, with all Chinese regions surpassing empirical estimates. Cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms emerged as the primary contributors to expanding regional LE gaps, with neurological disorders and diabetes playing an increasingly negative role.ConclusionLE disparities in China have consistently decreased, although at a slower pace in recent years, mirroring empirical trends. To further reduce regional LE disparities, targeted efforts should focus on improving mortality rates related to cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, neurological disorders and diabetes, especially in the western region. Effective health interventions should prioritize equalizing basic public health services nationwide.

Objective: To delineate the mortality trends of malignant tumors, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in China.Methods: The crude mortality from 2003 to 2019 was derived from the China Health Statistical Yearbook, and the mortality rates were analyzed through joinpoint regression supplemented by descriptive statistics and χ2 tests.Results: The fitting model of age-standardized mortality due to malignant tumors showed three joinpoints. The APCs from 2003 to 2005, 2005–2008, 2008–2012 and 2012–2019 were −11.00%, 9.63%, −4.67% and −1.40%, respectively, and the AAPC was −1.54%. The mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease consistently decreased (APC = AAPC = −0.98%). In the subgroup analyses, significant differences were observed between sexes and regions. The mortality rate of heart disease among rural females exhibited an upward trend (APC = AAPC = 2.33%). Older adults aged over 75 years had the highest mortality rates and the most drastic change.Conclusion: The three diseases had variable change trends. The government should focus more on policies that promote the equalization of basic public health services. Continuous education on heart disease, which includes not only beneficial behaviors but also knowledge of first aid, should be strengthened for rural females.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the top cause of death in China. We aimed to identify trends in cause-specific CVD mortality in a rapidly developing country, thereby providing evidence for CVD prophylaxis. Using raw data from the Chinese National Mortality Surveillance (CNMS) system, we assessed the mortalities of all CVD and cause-specific CVD during 2009-2019. Temporal trends of crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age-standardized mortality (ASMRs) of CVD were evaluated using joinpoint regression models. Age-sex-specific CVD mortality rates were predicted by using age-period-cohort Poisson regression model. A total of 10,608,402 CVD death occurred during 2009-2019, accounting for 49.8% of all-cause of death in China. The three major CVD types [cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and hypertensive disease (HD)] accounted for 94.6% of total CVD deaths. The CMR of all CVD increased [the annual average percentage change (AAPC) = 3.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6% to 4.1%] while the ASMR decreased (AAPC = −2.0%, 95% CI −3.5% to −0.6%). Cerebrovascular disease is predicted to be the leading cause of CVD death in men and IHD will be the top cause of CVD death in women over the period 2025-2029. Although the ASMR of total CVD decreased, CVD remained the leading cause of death in China. Cerebrovascular disease, IHD and HD were the major three leading causes of CVD-related death. Inflammatory heart disease-associated death increased in the young population. Attention should be paid to premature deaths associated with cerebrovascular disease and rheumatic heart disease among rural residents.

Please provide the top ten causes of cancer deaths in Hsinchu County in 2023.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among leading causes of death globally. Exposure to outdoor pollution is an important cause for increased mortality and morbidity. This study presents a systemic review regarding the impact of outdoor pollution on COPD mortality in South Asia and China.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted from 1990 to June 30th 2020 in English electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and CDSR (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following terms were used: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease OR COPD OR Chronic Bronchitis OR Emphysema OR COPD Deaths OR Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease OR Airflow Obstruction OR Chronic Airflow Obstruction OR Airflow Obstruction, Chronic OR Bronchitis, Chronic AND Mortality OR Death OR Deceased AND Outdoor pollution, ambient pollution was conducted.

Results: Out of 1899 papers screened only 17 were found eligible to be included. Subjects with COPD exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution had a 49% higher risk of death as compared to COPD subjects exposed to lower levels of outdoor air pollution. When taking common air pollutants individually into consideration, PM10 had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.99 respectively at CI 95%, whereas SO2 had OR of 1.8 at 95% CI, and NO2 had an OR of 1.23 OR at 95% CI. These values suggest that there is an effect of outdoor pollution on COPD but not to a significant level.

Conclusion: Despite heterogeneity across selected studies, individuals exposed to outdoor pollutants were found to be at risk of COPD mortality. Though it appears to have risk, COPD mortality was not significantly associated with outdoor pollutants. Controlling air pollution can substantially decrease the risk of COPD in South Asia and China. Further researches including more prospective and longitudinal studies are urgently needed in COPD sub-groups.

Between January and July 2024, more than 13,000 deaths registered in China were caused by five sexually transmitted diseases, with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) remaining the deadliest sexually transmitted disease in the country since 2008. 11,685 people in the country died from AIDS in the first seven months of 2024.

Background: Premature mortality is a significant part of the epilepsy burden and may vary across populations, especially between high-income and lower- and middle-income countries. People with epilepsy in China are approximately a fifth of the global population with epilepsy. Previous studies were unlikely to represent the situation in China due to limitations in design, methods, sample size, follow-up time, and other inherent population heterogeneity.
Summary: By summarising the evidence on the mortality characteristics in Chinese populations with epilepsy in the last six decades, we found a median mortality rate of 14.7 (6.8-74.4)/1000 person-years and a median standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.4 (2.6-12.9) in population-based studies, and a median mortality rate of 12.3 (9.5-101.5)/1000 person-years and a median SMR of 3.0 (1.5-5.1) in hospital-based studies. Vascular diseases, complications of diabetes, and accidental injuries were the leading causes of death. Risk factors for mortality were reported as older age, male, longer duration and higher frequency of seizures. Case fatality ratios of status epilepticus (SE) in adults were higher than in children, and both increased with follow-up time. Mortality in people with symptomatic epilepsy was high and varied across different primary diseases. Key Messages: The highest mortality rate and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) incidence were reported from the least developed areas in China. Accidental injuries were the most common causes of epilepsy-related deaths, while the incidence of SUDEP may be underestimated in Chinese populations. Further research is warranted to improve the understanding of premature mortality risk so that preventative measures can be introduced to improve the situation.