The leading cause of death in Trinidad and Tobago in 2019 was ischaemic heart disease. The condition, also known as coronary heart disease, caused roughly ****** deaths per 100,000 people. In that period, diabetes mellitus was the second most prominent cause of death in the Caribbean country, with a mortality rate of ***** deaths per 100,000 population. Other relevant causes of death included strokes and interpersonal violence.

Trinidad and Tobago TT: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data was reported at 9.000 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.100 % for 2015. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 9.100 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.400 % in 2000 and a record low of 9.000 % in 2016. Trinidad and Tobago TT: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Trinidad and Tobago – Table TT.World Bank: Health Statistics. Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions include infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies such as underweight and stunting.; ; Derived based on the data from WHO's Global Health Estimates.; Weighted average;

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is the leading cause of death worldwide, and multiple risk factors associated with diabetes mortality.MethodsEmploying spatial statistics, we characterized the spatial distribution and patterns of diabetes mortality, and revealed the spatial relationship between diabetes mortality and 11 socioeconomic and environmental risk factors at the country level, from 1990 to 2019.ResultsGlobally, significantly high rates of diabetes mortality were primarily clustered in countries with limited land areas or located on islands, such as Fiji, Kiribati, Eswatini, and Trinidad and Tobago. Countries with weaker economic independence are more likely to have higher diabetes mortality rates. In addition, the impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors was significant at the country level, involving health expenditure, number of physicians, household and ambient air pollution, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Notably, the spatial relationship between diabetes mortality and ambient air pollution, as well as alcohol consumption, showed negative correlations. Countries with high diabetes mortality rates generally had lower levels of ambient air pollution and alcohol consumption.ConclusionThe study highlights the spatial clustering of diabetes mortality and its substantial variation. While many risk factors can influence diabetes mortality, it’s also essential to consider the level of these factors at the country level. Tailoring appropriate interventions based on specific national circumstances holds the potential to more effectively mitigate the burden of diabetes mortality.

BackgroundOur objective is to describe the current prevalence and death of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women of childbearing age (WCBA) at the global, regional, and national levels and to analyze its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWCBA was defined as women aged 15–49 years. Estimates and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) of IHD prevalence and death numbers for seven age groups were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. The age-standardized prevalence and death rate (ASPR and ASDR) of IHD in WCBA was estimated using the direct age-standardization method. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) to represent the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2019, the global ASPR of IHD experienced a 3.21% increase, culminating in 367.21 (95% UI, 295.74–430.16) cases per 100,000 individuals. Conversely, the ASDR decreased to 11.11 (95% UI, 10.10–12.30) per 100,000 individuals. In 2019, among the five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, the highest ASPR was observed in the high-middle SDI region, whereas the highest ASDR was found in the low-middle SDI region. Regionally, the Caribbean reported the highest ASPR (563.11 per 100,000 individuals; 95% UI, 493.13–643.03), and Oceania reported the highest ASDR (20.20 per 100,000 individuals; 95% UI, 13.01–31.03). At the national level, Trinidad and Tobago exhibited the highest ASPR (730.15 per 100,000 individuals; 95% UI, 633.96–840.13), and the Solomon Islands had the highest ASDR (77.77 per 100,000 individuals; 95% UI, 47.80–121.19). Importantly, over the past three decades, the global ASPR has seen a significant increase [AAPC = 0.11%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.09–0.13; P < 0.001], while the ASDR has demonstrated a significant decreasing trend (AAPC = −0.86%, 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.61; P < 0.001). Air pollution, tobacco use, high systolic blood pressure, elevated body mass index, dietary risks, and high LDL cholesterol have been identified as the leading six risk factors for IHD-related deaths among WCBA in 2019.ConclusionsDespite the significant decline in the global ASDR for IHD among WCBA over the last thirty years, the ASPR continues to escalate. We need to remain vigilant about the increased burden of IHD in WCBA. It calls for aggressive prevention strategies, rigorous control of risk factors, and the enhancement of healthcare coverage to mitigate the disease burden of IHD among WCBA in forthcoming years.