A survey of people from 31 different countries around the world found that mental health was the biggest health problem respondents said was facing their country in 2024. Other health problems reported by respondents included cancer, stress, and obesity. The COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic impacted almost every country in the world and was the biggest global health crisis in recent history. It resulted in hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths, causing unprecedented disruption in health care systems. Lockdowns imposed in many countries to halt the spread of the virus also resulted in a rise of mental health issues as feelings of stress, isolation, and hopelessness arose. However, vaccines to combat the virus were developed at record speed, and many countries have now vaccinated large shares of their population. Nevertheless, in 2024, ** percent of respondents still stated that COVID-19 was the biggest health problem facing their country. Mental health issues One side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a focus on mental health around the world. The two most common mental health issues worldwide are anxiety disorders and depression. In 2021, it was estimated that around *** percent of the global population had an anxiety disorder, while **** percent suffered from depression. Rates of depression are higher among females than males, with some *** percent of females suffering from depression, compared to *** percent of men. However, rates of suicide in most countries are higher among men than women. One positive outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic and the spotlight it shined on mental health may be a decrease in stigma surrounding mental health issues and seeking help for such issues. This would be a positive development as many people around the world do not or cannot receive the necessary treatment they need for their mental health.

According to the data from 2025, some 16 percent of respondents said that rising health care costs were the most important health issue facing the United States. Cancer ranked second on the list with 15 percent. Issues with healthcare costsCurrently, the most urgent problem facing American healthcare is the high costs of care. The high expense of healthcare may deter people from getting the appropriate treatment when they need medical care or cause them to completely forego preventative care visits. Many Americans reported that they may skip prescription doses or refrain from taking medication as prescribed due to financial concerns. Such health-related behavior can result in major health problems, which may raise the long-term cost of care. Inflation, medical debt, and unforeseen medical expenses have all added to the burden that health costs are placing on household income. Gun violence issueThe gun violence epidemic has plagued the United States over the past few years, yet very little has been done to address the issue. In recent years, gun violence has become the leading cause of death among American children and teens. Even though more than half of Americans are in favor of tougher gun control regulations, there is little political will to strongly reform the current gun law. Gun violence has a deep traumatic impact on survivors and society, it is developing into a major public health crisis in the United States.

A survey of adults in the United States found that around 44 percent of respondents identified mobility issues, cancer, and cognitive decline as their top aging-related health concerns. This statistic depicts the percentage of adults in the United States who had select health concerns related to the aging process as of 2024.

A survey of women from 31 different countries around the world found that 45 percent of respondents said mental health was the biggest health problem facing their country in 2024. There was a large increase in the share of women finding mental health as the most serious health problem over the given period, rising from just 27 percent in 2018.

A survey of people from 31 different countries around the world found that mental health was the biggest health problem respondents said was facing their country in 2024, with around 51 percent of women and 40 percent of men considering this the case. Other health problems reported by respondents included cancer, stress, and obesity.

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US Population Health Management (PHM) Market Size 2025-2029

The us population health management (phm) market size is forecast to increase by USD 6.04 billion at a CAGR of 7.4% between 2024 and 2029.

The Population Health Management (PHM) market in the US is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of healthcare IT solutions and analytics. These technologies enable healthcare providers to collect, analyze, and act on patient data to improve health outcomes and reduce costs. However, the high perceived costs associated with PHM solutions pose a challenge for some organizations, limiting their ability to fully implement and optimize these technologies. Despite this obstacle, the potential benefits of PHM, including improved patient care and population health, make it a strategic priority for many healthcare organizations. To capitalize on this opportunity, companies must focus on cost-effective solutions and innovative approaches to addressing the challenges of PHM implementation and optimization. By leveraging advanced analytics, cloud technologies, and strategic partnerships, organizations can overcome cost barriers and deliver better care to their patient populations.

What will be the size of the US Population Health Management (PHM) Market during the forecast period?

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The Population Health Management (PHM) market in the US is experiencing significant advancements, integrating various elements to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Public health surveillance and data governance ensure accurate population health data, enabling healthcare leaders to identify health disparities and target interventions. Quality measures and health literacy initiatives promote transparency and patient activation, while data visualization and business intelligence facilitate data-driven decision-making. Behavioral health integration, substance abuse treatment, and mental health services address the growing need for holistic care, and outcome-based contracts incentivize providers to focus on patient outcomes. Health communication, community health workers, and patient portals enhance patient engagement, while wearable devices and mHealth technologies provide real-time data for personalized care plans. Precision medicine and predictive modeling leverage advanced analytics to tailor treatment approaches, and social service integration addresses the social determinants of health. Health data management, data storytelling, and healthcare innovation continue to drive market growth, transforming the industry and improving overall population health.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. ProductSoftwareServicesDeploymentCloudOn-premisesEnd-userHealthcare providersHealthcare payersEmployers and government bodiesGeographyNorth AmericaUS

By Product Insights

The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Population Health Management (PHM) software in the US gathers patient data from healthcare systems and utilizes advanced analytics tools, including data visualization and business intelligence, to predict health conditions and improve patient care. PHM software aims to enhance healthcare efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure quality patient care. By analyzing accurate patient data, PHM software enables the identification of community health risks, leading to proactive interventions and better health outcomes. The adoption of PHM software is on the rise in the US due to the growing emphasis on value-based care and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics are integral components of PHM software, enabling healthcare payers to develop personalized care plans and improve care coordination. Data integration and interoperability facilitate seamless data sharing among various healthcare stakeholders, while data visualization tools help in making informed decisions. Public health agencies and healthcare providers leverage PHM software for population health research, disease management programs, and quality improvement initiatives. Cloud computing and data warehousing provide the necessary infrastructure for storing and managing large volumes of population health data. Healthcare regulations mandate the adoption of PHM software to ensure compliance with data privacy and security standards. PHM software also supports care management services, patient engagement platforms, and remote patient monitoring, empowering patients

Changelog:

Update September 20, 2021: Data and overview updated to reflect data used in the September 15 story Over Half of States Have Rolled Back Public Health Powers in Pandemic. It includes 303 state or local public health leaders who resigned, retired or were fired between April 1, 2020 and Sept. 12, 2021. Previous versions of this dataset reflected data used in the Dec. 2020 and April 2021 stories.

Overview

Across the U.S., state and local public health officials have found themselves at the center of a political storm as they combat the worst pandemic in a century. Amid a fractured federal response, the usually invisible army of workers charged with preventing the spread of infectious disease has become a public punching bag.

In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, at least 303 state or local public health leaders in 41 states have resigned, retired or been fired since April 1, 2020, according to an ongoing investigation by The Associated Press and KHN.

According to experts, that is the largest exodus of public health leaders in American history.

Many left due to political blowback or pandemic pressure, as they became the target of groups that have coalesced around a common goal — fighting and even threatening officials over mask orders and well-established public health activities like quarantines and contact tracing. Some left to take higher profile positions, or due to health concerns. Others were fired for poor performance. Dozens retired. An untold number of lower level staffers have also left.

The result is a further erosion of the nation’s already fragile public health infrastructure, which KHN and the AP documented beginning in 2020 in the Underfunded and Under Threat project.

Findings

The AP and KHN found that:

• One in five Americans live in a community that has lost its local public health department leader during the pandemic
• Top public health officials in 28 states have left state-level departments ## Using this data To filter for data specific to your state, use this query

To get total numbers of exits by state, broken down by state and local departments, use this query

Methodology

KHN and AP counted how many state and local public health leaders have left their jobs between April 1, 2020 and Sept. 12, 2021.

The government tasks public health workers with improving the health of the general population, through their work to encourage healthy living and prevent infectious disease. To that end, public health officials do everything from inspecting water and food safety to testing the nation’s babies for metabolic diseases and contact tracing cases of syphilis.

Many parts of the country have a health officer and a health director/administrator by statute. The analysis counted both of those positions if they existed. For state-level departments, the count tracks people in the top and second-highest-ranking job.

The analysis includes exits of top department officials regardless of reason, because no matter the reason, each left a vacancy at the top of a health agency during the pandemic. Reasons for departures include political pressure, health concerns and poor performance. Others left to take higher profile positions or to retire. Some departments had multiple top officials exit over the course of the pandemic; each is included in the analysis.

Reporters compiled the exit list by reaching out to public health associations and experts in every state and interviewing hundreds of public health employees. They also received information from the National Association of City and County Health Officials, and combed news reports and records.

Public health departments can be found at multiple levels of government. Each state has a department that handles these tasks, but most states also have local departments that either operate under local or state control. The population served by each local health department is calculated using the U.S. Census Bureau 2019 Population Estimates based on each department’s jurisdiction.

KHN and the AP have worked since the spring on a series of stories documenting the funding, staffing and problems around public health. A previous data distribution detailed a decade's worth of cuts to state and local spending and staffing on public health. That data can be found here.

Attribution

Findings and the data should be cited as: "According to a KHN and Associated Press report."

Is Data Missing?

If you know of a public health official in your state or area who has left that position between April 1, 2020 and Sept. 12, 2021 and isn't currently in our dataset, please contact authors Anna Maria Barry-Jester annab@kff.org, Hannah Recht hrecht@kff.org, Michelle Smith mrsmith@ap.org and Lauren Weber laurenw@kff.org.

In 2024, around 69 percent of adults in Chile stated that mental health was the biggest health problem facing people in their country, while in Mexico only around 25 percent of adults stated the same. This statistic illustrates the percentage of adults worldwide who stated that mental health problems were the biggest health problems facing people in their country in 2024.

According to a survey, mental health was ranked as the biggest health care concern facing people in Colombia among selected issues, with around 54 percent of respondents considering it the main sanitary problem as of August 2024. Moreover, stress and drug abuse ranked second and third among the leading health concerns that year, as indicated by 40 and 36 percent of interviewees, respectively. As of 2023, Colombia was among the countries with the highest share of people considering mental health one of the biggest health problems in their country within a selection of 34 nations.

According to the data from January 2024, 22 percent of respondents said that rising health care costs were the most important health issue facing the United States. Mental health ranked second on the list with 15 percent. Issues with healthcare costsCurrently, the most urgent problem facing American healthcare is the high costs of care. The high expense of healthcare may deter people from getting the appropriate treatment when they need medical care or cause them to completely forego preventative care visits. Many Americans reported that they may skip prescription doses or refrain from taking medication as prescribed due to financial concerns. Such health-related behavior can result in major health problems, which may raise the long-term cost of care. Inflation, medical debt, and unforeseen medical expenses have all added to the burden that health costs are placing on household income. Gun violence issueThe gun violence epidemic has plagued the United States over the past few years, yet very little has been done to address the issue. In recent years, gun violence has become the leading cause of death among American children and teens. Even though more than half of Americans are in favor of tougher gun control regulations, there is little political will to strongly reform the current gun law. Gun violence has a deep traumatic impact on survivors and society, it is developing into a major public health crisis in the United States.

Digital Health And Wellness Market Outlook

The global digital health and wellness market size was valued at approximately USD 150 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach nearly USD 600 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.5% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is primarily driven by the increasing adoption of digital health technologies, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and the continuous advancements in healthcare IT infrastructure.

One of the major growth factors contributing to the expansion of the digital health and wellness market is the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders. With an aging global population and changing lifestyles, the burden of chronic diseases is escalating, necessitating efficient and innovative healthcare solutions. Digital health technologies, such as telehealth and remote monitoring, offer significant advantages in managing these conditions by facilitating timely interventions and continuous monitoring, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.

Another significant factor driving the market growth is the increasing penetration of smartphones and the internet, coupled with the growing awareness and acceptance of digital health solutions among consumers and healthcare providers. Mobile health (mHealth) applications are becoming essential tools for health management, providing users with easy access to health information, remote consultations, and personalized health tracking. The convenience and accessibility offered by these digital health tools are encouraging more individuals to adopt them, leading to a surge in demand and market expansion.

The continuous advancements in healthcare IT infrastructure and the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are further propelling the digital health and wellness market. These technologies enable more precise diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and efficient healthcare delivery. For instance, AI-powered algorithms can analyze vast amounts of health data to identify patterns and predict potential health issues, while IoT devices facilitate seamless data exchange between patients and healthcare providers, enhancing the overall efficiency of healthcare services.

Regionally, North America is leading the digital health and wellness market, driven by the high adoption rate of advanced healthcare technologies, supportive government policies, and significant investments in healthcare IT infrastructure. The United States, in particular, is at the forefront, with numerous digital health startups and established firms actively innovating in this space. However, other regions such as Europe and Asia Pacific are also witnessing substantial growth, fueled by increasing healthcare expenditures, rising awareness about digital health solutions, and the expansion of telehealth services.

Connected Health Solutions are becoming increasingly pivotal in the digital health and wellness market, as they offer a seamless integration of various healthcare services through digital platforms. These solutions enable real-time communication and data sharing between patients and healthcare providers, enhancing the quality and efficiency of care. By leveraging technologies such as IoT and AI, Connected Health Solutions facilitate continuous monitoring and personalized healthcare, which is particularly beneficial for managing chronic conditions. The ability to connect different healthcare systems and devices ensures that patients receive comprehensive and coordinated care, reducing the risk of errors and improving overall health outcomes. As the demand for integrated healthcare solutions grows, Connected Health Solutions are set to play a crucial role in transforming the healthcare landscape.

Component Analysis

The digital health and wellness market is segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. Each component plays a crucial role in the functionality and efficiency of digital health solutions, and their interplay determines the overall effectiveness of digital health systems. Software, as a component, encompasses a wide array of applications, including electronic health records (EHRs), telehealth platforms, a

The leading health conditions affecting Millennials in the U.S. are hypertension, high cholesterol, tobacco use disorder, hyperactivity and major depression, with a strong uptick from 2014 to 2017 in the rates of hyperactivity and major depression. This statistic shows the prevalence rates of the leading health conditions affecting Millennials in the U.S. in 2014 and 2017, by condition.

A survey of men from 31 different countries around the world found that mental health was the biggest health problem respondents from all generations except boomers said was facing their country in 2024. Approximately 44 percent of male boomers surveyed felt cancer was the biggest health problem facing their country, as opposed to only 28 percent of male Gen Z respondents.

Problem Statement

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Hospitals and healthcare providers faced challenges in ensuring continuous monitoring of patient vitals, especially for high-risk patients. Traditional monitoring methods often lacked real-time data processing and timely alerts, leading to delayed responses and increased hospital readmissions. The healthcare provider needed a solution to monitor patient health continuously and deliver actionable insights for improved care.

Challenge

Implementing an advanced patient monitoring system involved overcoming several challenges:

Collecting and analyzing real-time data from multiple IoT-enabled medical devices.

Ensuring accurate health insights while minimizing false alarms.

Integrating the system seamlessly with hospital workflows and electronic health records (EHR).

Solution Provided

A comprehensive patient monitoring system was developed using IoT-enabled medical devices and AI-based monitoring systems. The solution was designed to:

Continuously collect patient vital data such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and temperature.

Analyze data in real-time to detect anomalies and provide early warnings for potential health issues.

Send alerts to healthcare professionals and caregivers for timely interventions.

Development Steps

Data Collection

Deployed IoT-enabled devices such as wearable monitors, smart sensors, and bedside equipment to collect patient data continuously.

Preprocessing

Cleaned and standardized data streams to ensure accurate analysis and integration with hospital systems.

AI Model Development

Built machine learning models to analyze vital trends and detect abnormalities in real-time

Validation

Tested the system in controlled environments to ensure accuracy and reliability in detecting health issues.

Deployment

Implemented the solution in hospitals and care facilities, integrating it with EHR systems and alert mechanisms for seamless operation.

Continuous Monitoring & Improvement

Established a feedback loop to refine models and algorithms based on real-world data and healthcare provider feedback.

Results

Enhanced Patient Care

Real-time monitoring and proactive alerts enabled healthcare professionals to provide timely interventions, improving patient outcomes.

Early Detection of Health Issues

The system detected potential health complications early, reducing the severity of conditions and preventing critical events.

Reduced Hospital Readmissions

Continuous monitoring helped manage patient health effectively, leading to a significant decrease in readmission rates.

Improved Operational Efficiency

Automation and real-time insights reduced the burden on healthcare staff, allowing them to focus on critical cases.

Scalable Solution

The system adapted seamlessly to various healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, and home care environments.

The NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is conducted through an ongoing collaboration between the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), the Department of Education (DOE), and the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The New York City's YRBS is part of the CDC's National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). The survey's primary purpose is to monitor priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth in New York City. For more information see EpiQuery, https://a816-health.nyc.gov/hdi/epiquery/visualizations?PageType=ps&PopulationSource=YRBS

Treatment for Mental Health Market Outlook

As of 2023, the global market size for mental health treatment was valued at approximately $250 billion and is anticipated to reach $400 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.5%. The increasing recognition of mental health issues as critical components of overall health, along with technological advancements in treatment methodologies, is propelling the growth of this market.

A significant growth factor for the mental health treatment market is the rising prevalence of mental health disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that depression affects more than 264 million people globally, making it one of the leading causes of disability. The increasing awareness campaigns and educational programs aimed at reducing stigma and encouraging individuals to seek help are also contributing significantly to market growth. Furthermore, governments and private organizations are increasingly investing in mental health infrastructure, policies, and research, thereby boosting the market.

Technological advancements in mental health treatment are another crucial growth driver. The adoption of telemedicine and telepsychiatry has surged, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. These technologies offer easier access to mental health services, which is particularly beneficial for individuals in remote areas. Additionally, the development of mobile apps and platforms for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other therapeutic techniques is making mental health care more accessible and efficient. Innovations in pharmacotherapy, including personalized medicine and the development of new drugs with fewer side effects, are also contributing to market expansion.

Another driving factor is the growing societal acceptance and reduced stigma surrounding mental health issues. Historically, mental health was a taboo topic in many cultures, leading to reluctance in seeking treatment. However, public figures and widespread media campaigns advocating for mental health awareness have significantly shifted public perception. This change is resulting in higher diagnosis rates and more individuals seeking professional help, thereby bolstering market growth. The role of community and peer support groups should not be underestimated, as these social structures encourage individuals to seek and maintain treatment.

When considering the regional outlook, North America holds the largest share of the mental health treatment market due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure and significant investments in mental health. The region also benefits from high levels of awareness and a strong presence of leading market players. Europe follows closely, driven by concerted efforts to integrate mental health services into primary care systems. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest CAGR, attributed to rapidly developing healthcare infrastructure, increasing awareness, and rising disposable incomes. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also seeing growth, though at a slower rate, due to improving healthcare policies and increasing international collaborations.

Psychotherapy Analysis

Psychotherapy remains one of the most commonly employed treatment modalities for mental health disorders. It encompasses various approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), psychodynamic therapy, and more. The versatility of psychotherapy in addressing a wide range of mental health issues—from depression and anxiety to more severe conditions like schizophrenia—makes it a cornerstone of mental health treatment. The increasing endorsement of psychotherapy by medical professionals and its proven efficacy in numerous studies are major factors driving its adoption. Additionally, insurance companies are increasingly covering psychotherapy sessions, making them more accessible to a broader population.

The rise of online therapy platforms has revolutionized the psychotherapy segment. Companies like BetterHelp and Talkspace offer virtual therapy sessions, breaking geographical barriers and making mental health treatment accessible from the comfort of one’s home. This trend has gained additional traction during the COVID-19 pandemic, as lockdowns and social distancing measures necessitated remote solutions. Online therapy platforms also offer anonymity, which can be particularly appealing to individuals reluctant to seek in-person therapy due to stigma or privacy concerns.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is partic

The top 10 leading causes of death among 60 specific causes contributing to the life expectancy difference between National Health Insurance beneficiaries and Medical Aid recipients according to sex.

The leading causes of death in the United States have changed significantly from the year 1900 to the present. Leading causes of death in 1900, such as tuberculosis, gastrointestinal infections, and diphtheria have seen huge decreases in death rates and are no longer among the leading causes of death in the United States. However, other diseases such as heart disease and cancer have seen increased death rates. Vaccinations One major factor contributing to the decrease in death rates for many diseases since the year 1900 is the introduction of vaccinations. The decrease seen in the rates of death due to pneumonia and influenza is a prime example of this. In 1900, pneumonia and influenza were the leading causes of death, with around 202 deaths per 100,000 population. However, in 2023 pneumonia and influenza were not even among the ten leading causes of death. Cancer One disease that has seen a large increase in death rates since 1900 is cancer. Cancer currently accounts for almost 20 percent of all deaths in the United States, with death rates among men higher than those for women. The deadliest form of cancer for both men and women is cancer of the lung and bronchus. Some of the most common avoidable risk factors for cancer include smoking, drinking alcohol, sun exposure, and obesity.

Benin BJ: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data was reported at 51.832 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 54.118 % for 2015. Benin BJ: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data is updated yearly, averaging 55.890 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2019, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.576 % in 2000 and a record low of 51.832 % in 2019. Benin BJ: Cause of Death: by Communicable Diseases & Maternal, Prenatal & Nutrition Conditions: % of Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Benin – Table BJ.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Cause of death refers to the share of all deaths for all ages by underlying causes. Communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions include infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies such as underweight and stunting.;Derived based on the data from Global Health Estimates 2020: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2019. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2020. Link: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death;Weighted average;

Health access and utilization survey (HAUS) is a cross-sectional, household telephone survey designed by the Public Health Section as a tool to determine refugees’ access to, utilization of, and coverage of key health services across different levels of health facilities as well as to identify critical factors and challenges faced by refugees that may affect health access in a timely manner. UNHCR Malaysia conducted the survey in December 2022 with the help of 23 enumerators and successfully collected data from 718 households comprising of 1,760 individuals. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the interview. The average age of the respondents was 34 years (SD = 9 years). Majority of the households were male-headed (87%), married (55%), currently in some form of employment (83%) and originated from Myanmar (74%). Among the head of households, knowledge of available health services were lacking with a third of them (30.8%) unaware of subsidized care at government health facilities for UNHCR document holders while more than half of them were unaware of the availability of hospitalization assistance as provided by IMARET. Nevertheless, most households were able to access health care when needed (93%) although affordability remained a major barrier. The average amount paid by households for primary health services was MYR164 while hospitalization care could cost as much as MYR5,197 on average. In terms of childhood vaccination, 78% children under 5 were able to receive measles or MMR vaccination mainly from government health facilities. However, it is worth noting that the finding did not indicate whether the children had completed the required doses for MMR. Access to reproductive health services remain challenging with slightly more than half of pregnant women faced difficulties accessing antenatal care due to financial barrier. The average cost of delivery care paid by the respondents was MYR3,600. In terms of family planning, only 45.1% received family planning counselling or services post-delivery. Non-communicable diseases were emerging as another health concern affecting as many as 10% of the total households. The top three most common NCD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and musculo-skeletal diseases. As a result of inclusive national COVID-19 vaccination programme, refugees benefitted from the initiative with 92.6% completing the required doses and 74.6% receiving a booster dose. In summary, findings from this survey indicated the need to strengthen health awareness and information dissemination among refugees while sustainable health financing will help to ease the financial barrier faced by most refugees in need of health services. Advocacy for inclusion in the national health programming in key areas namely communicable and non-communicable diseases, childhood immunization, safe motherhood and family planning will help to promote better health outcomes for refugees.