The largest reported data leakage as of January 2025 was the Cam4 data breach in March 2020, which exposed more than 10 billion data records. The second-largest data breach in history so far, the Yahoo data breach, occurred in 2013. The company initially reported about one billion exposed data records, but after an investigation, the company updated the number, revealing that three billion accounts were affected. The National Public Data Breach was announced in August 2024. The incident became public when personally identifiable information of individuals became available for sale on the dark web. Overall, the security professionals estimate the leakage of nearly three billion personal records. The next significant data leakage was the March 2018 security breach of India's national ID database, Aadhaar, with over 1.1 billion records exposed. This included biometric information such as identification numbers and fingerprint scans, which could be used to open bank accounts and receive financial aid, among other government services.

Cybercrime - the dark side of digitalization As the world continues its journey into the digital age, corporations and governments across the globe have been increasing their reliance on technology to collect, analyze and store personal data. This, in turn, has led to a rise in the number of cyber crimes, ranging from minor breaches to global-scale attacks impacting billions of users – such as in the case of Yahoo. Within the U.S. alone, 1802 cases of data compromise were reported in 2022. This was a marked increase from the 447 cases reported a decade prior. The high price of data protection As of 2022, the average cost of a single data breach across all industries worldwide stood at around 4.35 million U.S. dollars. This was found to be most costly in the healthcare sector, with each leak reported to have cost the affected party a hefty 10.1 million U.S. dollars. The financial segment followed closely behind. Here, each breach resulted in a loss of approximately 6 million U.S. dollars - 1.5 million more than the global average.

500k User Session Collection This collection is distributed for NON-COMMERCIAL RESEARCH USE ONLY. Any application of this collection for commercial purposes is STRICTLY PROHIBITED. #### Brief description: This collection consists of ~20M web queries collected from ~650k users over three months. The data is sorted by anonymous user ID and sequentially arranged. The goal of this collection is to provide real query log data that is based on real users. It could be used for personalization, query reformulation or other types of search research. The data set includes AnonID, Query, QueryTime, ItemRank, ClickURL. AnonID - an anonymous user ID number. Query - the query issued by the user, case shifted with most punctuation removed. QueryTime - the time at which the query was submitted for search. ItemRank - if the user clicked on a search result, the rank of the item on which they clicked is listed. ClickURL - if the user clicked on a search result, the domain portion of the URL i

In 2024, the number of data compromises in the United States stood at 3,158 cases. Meanwhile, over 1.35 billion individuals were affected in the same year by data compromises, including data breaches, leakage, and exposure. While these are three different events, they have one thing in common. As a result of all three incidents, the sensitive data is accessed by an unauthorized threat actor. Industries most vulnerable to data breaches Some industry sectors usually see more significant cases of private data violations than others. This is determined by the type and volume of the personal information organizations of these sectors store. In 2024 the financial services, healthcare, and professional services were the three industry sectors that recorded most data breaches. Overall, the number of healthcare data breaches in some industry sectors in the United States has gradually increased within the past few years. However, some sectors saw decrease. Largest data exposures worldwide In 2020, an adult streaming website, CAM4, experienced a leakage of nearly 11 billion records. This, by far, is the most extensive reported data leakage. This case, though, is unique because cyber security researchers found the vulnerability before the cyber criminals. The second-largest data breach is the Yahoo data breach, dating back to 2013. The company first reported about one billion exposed records, then later, in 2017, came up with an updated number of leaked records, which was three billion. In March 2018, the third biggest data breach happened, involving India’s national identification database Aadhaar. As a result of this incident, over 1.1 billion records were exposed.

Version 3 with 517M hashes and counts of password usage ordered by most to least prevalent Pwned Passwords are 517,238,891 real world passwords previously exposed in data breaches. This exposure makes them unsuitable for ongoing use as they re at much greater risk of being used to take over other accounts. They re searchable online below as well as being downloadable for use in other online system. The entire set of passwords is downloadable for free below with each password being represented as a SHA-1 hash to protect the original value (some passwords contain personally identifiable information) followed by a count of how many times that password had been seen in the source data breaches. The list may be integrated into other systems and used to verify whether a password has previously appeared in a data breach after which a system may warn the user or even block the password outright.

Access Leak Detector import export data of global countries with importers' & exporters' details, shipment date, price, hs code, ports, quantity etc.

This database includes the code used to analyze and produce the results for the following research article: Minimizing Search Areas for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks by B. Snider, G. Lewis, A.S. Chen, L. Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, S. Djordjevic, D.A. Savic. Journal of Hydroinformatics. (Accepted - awaiting publication).

7414 Global exporters importers export import shipment records of Leakage detector with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

20 to 30% of drinking water produced is lost due to leaks in water distribution pipes. In times of water scarcity, losing so much treated water comes at a significant cost, both environmentally and economically. In this paper, we propose a hybrid leak localization approach combining both model-based and data-driven modeling. Pressure heads of leak scenarios are simulated using a hydraulic model, and then used to train a machine-learning based leak localization model. A key element of our approach is that discrepancies between simulated and measured pressures are accounted for using a dynamically calculated bias correction, based on historical pressure measurements. Data of in-field leak experiments in operational water distribution networks were produced to evaluate our approach on realistic test data. Two problematic settings for leak localization were examined. In the first setting, an uncalibrated hydraulic model was used. In the second setting, an extended version of the water distribution network was considered, where large parts of the network were insensitive to leaks. Our results show that the leak localization model is able to reduce the leak search region in parts of the network where leaks induce detectable drops in pressure. When this is not the case, the model still localizes the leak but is able to indicate a higher level of uncertainty with respect to its leak predictions.

Full title: Using Decision Trees to Detect and Isolate Simulated Leaks in the J-2X Rocket Engine Mark Schwabacher, NASA Ames Research Center Robert Aguilar, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Fernando Figueroa, NASA Stennis Space Center Abstract The goal of this work was to use data-driven methods to automatically detect and isolate faults in the J-2X rocket engine. It was decided to use decision trees, since they tend to be easier to interpret than other data-driven methods. The decision tree algorithm automatically “learns” a decision tree by performing a search through the space of possible decision trees to find one that fits the training data. The particular decision tree algorithm used is known as C4.5. Simulated J-2X data from a high-fidelity simulator developed at Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne and known as the Detailed Real-Time Model (DRTM) was used to “train” and test the decision tree. Fifty-six DRTM simulations were performed for this purpose, with different leak sizes, different leak locations, and different times of leak onset. To make the simulations as realistic as possible, they included simulated sensor noise, and included a gradual degradation in both fuel and oxidizer turbine efficiency. A decision tree was trained using 11 of these simulations, and tested using the remaining 45 simulations. In the training phase, the C4.5 algorithm was provided with labeled examples of data from nominal operation and data including leaks in each leak _location. From the data, it “learned” a decision tree that can classify unseen data as having no leak or having a leak in one of the five leak locations. In the test phase, the decision tree produced very low false alarm rates and low missed detection rates on the unseen data. It had very good fault isolation rates for three of the five simulated leak locations, but it tended to confuse the remaining two locations, perhaps because a large leak at one of these two locations can look very similar to a small leak at the other _location. Introduction The J-2X rocket engine will be tested on Test Stand A-1 at NASA Stennis Space Center (SSC) in Mississippi. A team including people from SSC, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) is developing a prototype end-to-end integrated systems health management (ISHM) system that will be used to monitor the test stand and the engine while the engine is on the test stand[1]. The prototype will use several different methods for detecting and diagnosing faults in the test stand and the engine, including rule-based, model-based, and data-driven approaches. SSC is currently using the G2 tool http://www.gensym.com to develop rule-based and model-based fault detection and diagnosis capabilities for the A-1 test stand. This paper describes preliminary results in applying the data-driven approach to detecting and diagnosing faults in the J-2X engine. The conventional approach to detecting and diagnosing faults in complex engineered systems such as rocket engines and test stands is to use large numbers of human experts. Test controllers watch the data in near-real time during each engine test. Engineers study the data after each test. These experts are aided by limit checks that signal when a particular variable goes outside of a predetermined range. The conventional approach is very labor intensive. Also, humans may not be able to recognize faults that involve the relationships among large numbers of variables. Further, some potential faults could happen too quickly for humans to detect them and react before they become catastrophic. Automated fault detection and diagnosis is therefore needed. One approach to automation is to encode human knowledge into rules or models. Another approach is use data-driven methods to automatically learn models from historical data or simulated data. Our prototype will combine the data-driven approach with the model-based and rule-based appro

The U.S. outer continental shelf is a major source of energy for the United States. The rapid growth of oil and gas production in the Gulf of Mexico increases the risk of underwater oil spills at greater water depths and drilling wells. These hydrocarbons leakages can be caused by either natural events, such as seeping from fissures in the ocean seabed, or by anthropogenic accidents, such as leaking from broken wellheads and pipelines. In order to improve safety and reduce the environmental risks of offshore oil and gas operations, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement recommended the use of real-time monitoring. An early warning system for detecting, locating, and characterizing hydrocarbon leakages is essential for preventing the next oil spill as well as for seafloor hydrocarbon seepage detection. Existing monitoring techniques have significant limitations and cannot achieve real-time monitoring. This project launches an effort to develop a functional real-time monitoring system that uses passive acoustic technologies to detect, locate, and characterize undersea hydrocarbon leakages over large areas in a cost-effective manner.

In an oil spill event, the leaked hydrocarbon is injected into seawater with huge amounts of discharge at high speeds. With mixed natural gases and oils, this hydrocarbon leakage creates underwater sound through two major mechanisms: shearing and turbulence by a streaming jet of oil droplets and gas bubbles, and bubble oscillation and collapse. These acoustic emissions can be recorded by hydrophones in the water column at far distances. They will be characterized and differentiated from other underwater noises through their unique frequency spectrum, evolution and transportation processes and leaking positions, and further be utilized to detect and position the leakage locations.

With the objective of leakage detection and localization, our approach consists of recording and modeling the acoustic signals induced by the oil-spill and implementing advanced signal processing and triangulation localization techniques with a hydrophone network.

Tasks of this project are: 1. Conduct a laboratory study to simulate hydrocarbon leakages and their induced sound under controlled conditions, and to establish the correlation between frequency spectra and leakage properties, such as oil-jet intensities and speeds, bubble radii and distributions, and crack sizes. 2. Implement and develop acoustic bubble modeling for estimating features and strength of the oil leakage. 3. Develop a set of advanced signal processing and triangulation algorithms for leakage detection and localization.

The experimental data have been collected in a water tank in the building of the National Center for Physical Acoustics, the University of Mississippi from 2018-2020, including hydrophone recorded underwater sounds generated by oil leakage bubbles under different testing conditions, such as pressures, flow rates, jet velocities, and crack sizes, and movies of oil leakages. Two types of oil leakages (a few bubbles and constant flow bubbles) were tested to simulate oil seepages either from seafloors or from oil well and pipe-line breaches. Two types of gases were investigated (nitrogen and methane). These data were analyzed for acoustic bubble modeling, oil leakage characterization, and localization.

This dataset contains programs and algorithms. The folders of the dataset are described as follows: • the folder of “signal processing programs†contains programs (LabView VIs) for instrument control, data acquisition, and signal processing. • the folders of “modeling algorithms†contains algorithms (Matlab m-files) for acoustic bubble sound modeling. • the folder of “localization algorithms†contains algorithms (MatLab m-files) for oil leakage source localization.

More details of this dataset can be found in the corresponding ReadMe files in each folder. Associated data may be found in S3.x911.000:0001 (bubble sound characterization and modeling data, doi:10.7266/3REPB7QM); S3.x911.000:0002 (test data, doi: 10.7266/NPYZ3XFV); S3.x911.000:0003 (raw sound data and validation of modeled source positions, doi: 10.7266/4S9EBZKX); S3.x911.000:0005 (imagery of the laboratory experiment, doi: 10.7266/BZY62EK0).

Between the second quarter of 2022 and the third quarter of 2024, the number of records exposed to account breaches in Thailand fluctuated significantly. Over ******* datasets were reported as having been leaked in the third quarter of 2024, compared to around ******* during the same quarter of the previous year.

This national digital GIS product produced by the British Geological Survey indicates the potential for leakage to have a negative effect on ground stability. It is largely derived from the digital geological map and expert knowledge. The GIS dataset contains seven fields. The first field is a summary map that gives an overview of where leakage may affect ground stability. The other six fields indicate the properties of the ground with respect to the extent to which hazards associated with soluble rocks, landslides, compressible ground, collapsible ground, swelling clays and running sands will be increased due to leakage. The data is useful to asset managers in water companies, local authorities and utility companies who would like to understand where. and to what extent, leaking underground pipes or other structures may initate or worsen ground stability.

Passwords that were leaked or stolen from sites. The Rockyou Dataset is about 14 million passwords.

UKCCSRC Flexible Funding 2020. Experimental data are the acoustic emission (AE) signals collected with three AE sensors when CO2 leak from a CO2 storage cylinder under different pressures. '5MPa_20kgh-1' means the data was collected when the pressure was 5MPa and the leakage rate was 20 kg/h. The sampling frequency of AE signals is 3MHz. UKCCSRC Flexible Funding 2020: Monitoring of CO2 flow under CCS conditions through multi-modal sensing and machine learning.

DNA strand displacement (DSD) emerged as a prominent reaction motif for engineering nucleic acid-based computational devices with programmable behaviors. However, strand displacement circuits are susceptible to background noise that disrupts the circuit behavior, commonly known as leaks. The side effects of leaks are particularly severe in circuits with complex dynamical elements (e.g., feedback loops), as their leaks amplify nonlinearly, disrupting the circuit function. Shadow cancellation is a dynamic leak-elimination strategy originally proposed to control the leak growth in such circuits. However, the kinetic restrictions of the proposed method introduce a significant design overhead, making it less accessible. In this work, we use domain-level DSD simulations to examine the method's capabilities, the inner workings of its components, and, most importantly, robustness to practical deviations in its design requirements. First, we show that the method could stabilize the dynamics of s..., , , # Leak-resilient enzyme-free nucleic acid dynamical systems through shadow cancellation

Abbreviations

1. RPS: Rock-Paper-Scissors oscillator
2. UNIAMP: Unimolecular autocatalytic amplifier
3. BIAMP: Bimolecular autocatalytic amplifier

Basic commands

To run the peppercorn command to generate the *_enum.pilÂ file and the corresponding plotting data

• $FOLDERÂ - The folder containing the .pilÂ file
• $NAMEÂ - The name of the .pilÂ file without the file extension
• $INTERMEDIATE_PREFIXÂ - Prefix of the intermediates generated
• $LABELSÂ - Space separated list of the chemical species that need to be tracked
• $TIMEÂ Â - Time to run the simulation forÂ

./sim.sh $FOLDER $TIME $NAME $LABELS $INTERMEDIATE_PREFIXÂ

To run the *_enum.pilÂ file in the folder $FOLDER

• $NAMEÂ - The name of the .*_enum_pilÂ file without the _enum.pil

./pil.sh $FOLDER $TIME $NAME $LABELS $NAMEÂ

Produce-Helper Leak mechanism

`sLeakWaste = hcjr( fcr mcr scr + fcr( hckr...

Carbon capture and storage in sub-seabed geological formations (sub-seabed CCS) is currently being studied as a realistic option to mitigate the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere. In implementing sub-seabed CCS, detecting and monitoring the impact of the sequestered CO2 on the ocean environment is highly important. The first controlled CO2 release experiment, Quantifying and Monitoring Potential Ecosystem Impacts of Geological Carbon Storage (QICS), took place in Ardmucknish Bay, Oban, in May–September 2012. We applied the in situ pH/pCO2 sensor to the QICS experiment for detection and monitoring of leaked CO2, and carried out several observations. The cabled real-time sensor was deployed close to the CO2 leakage (bubbling) area, and the fluctuations of in situ pH and pCO2 above the seafloor were monitored in a land-based container. The long-term sensor was placed on seafloor in three different observation zones. The sediment pH sensor was inserted into the sediment at a depth of 50 cm beneath the seafloor near the CO2 leakage area. Wide-area mapping surveys of pH and pCO2 in water column around the CO2 leakage area were carried out by using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) installed with sensors. Atmospheric CO2 above the leakage area was observed by using a CO2 analyzer that was attached to the bow of ship of 50 cm above the sea-surface. The behavior of the leaked CO2 is highly dependent on the tidal periodicity (low tide or high tide) during the CO2 gas release period. At low tide, the pH in sediment and overlying seawater decreased due to strong eruption of CO2 gas bubbles, and the CO2 ascended to sea-surface quickly with a little dissolution to seawater and dispersed into the atmosphere. On the other hand, the CO2 bubbles release was lower at high tide due to higher water pressure, and slight low pH seawater and high atmospheric CO2 were detected. After stopping CO2 gas injection, no remarkable variations of pH in sediment and overlying water column were observed for three months. This is a publication in QICS Special Issue - International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Kiminori Shitashima et. al. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.12.011.

Replication Data and Code for "Incentives and Information in Methane Leak Detection and Repair" Abstract: Capturing leaked methane can be a win for both firms and the environment. However, leakage volume uncertainty can be a barrier inhibiting leak repair. We study an experiment at oil and gas production sites which randomized whether site operators were informed of methane leakage volumes. At sites with high baseline leakage, we estimate a negative but imprecise effect of information on endline emissions. But at sites with zero measured leakage, giving firms information about methane leakage increased emissions at endline. Our results suggest that giving firms news of low leakage disincentivizes maintenance effort, thereby increasing the likelihood of future leaks. Package includes data from Wang et al. (2024) RCT as well as IEA data on estimated methane emissions and methane abatement costs. Package also includes code for replication.

314 Global exporters importers export import shipment records of Leak detector and Hsn Code 3403 with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

A two-fluid, small scale numerical ocean model was developed to simulate plume dynamics and increases in water acidity due to leakages of CO2 from potential sub-seabed reservoirs erupting, or pipeline breaching into the North Sea. The location of a leak of such magnitude is unpredictable; therefore, multiple scenarios are modelled with the physiochemical impact measured in terms of the movement and dissolution of the leaked CO2. A correlation for the drag coefficient of bubbles/droplets free rising in seawater is presented and a sub-model to predict the initial bubble/droplet size forming on the seafloor is proposed. With the case studies investigated, the leaked bubbles/droplets fully dissolve before reaching the water surface, where the solution will be dispersed into the larger scale ocean waters. The tools developed can be extended to various locations to model the sudden eruption, which is vital in determining the fate of the CO2 within the local waters. This is a publication in Marine Pollution Bulletin, Marius Dewar et. al. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.005.

622 Global exporters importers export import shipment records of Leakage current monitor with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.