The statistic illustrates the share of favorability of Iran and Saudi Arabia amongst Lebanese respondents as of spring 2015, by religion. During the survey period, a share of ** percent of Sunni respondents in Lebanon viewed Saudi Arabia favorably. In comparison ***** percent of Shia respondents from Lebanon had a favorable view of Saudi Arabia.

The data was collected in 2020, in the context of a doctoral thesis in social and cultural psychology at the University of Brussels, Belgium. Thesis title: Were we all victims and perpetrators? How national and religious identifications and processes of victimhood and responsibility attributions for the civil war affect present-day intergroup relations in Lebanon. This thesis aims to study the role of ingroup identification in shaping construals of group victimhood and responsibility attributions, in addition to the impact of these factors on intergroup relations. We choose to study this phenomenon in the context of the Lebanese civil war, in Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon, evaluating two types of ingroup identification (national and religious) in the two main religious groups (Christians and Muslims). Quantitative and qualitative data collected via online survey among Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon. This project aimed to assess the effect of free recalling of past events (civil war events), in addition to ingroup identification, on construals of violence (victimhood and responsibility attributions) on intergroup relations in Lebanon and other factors (Reconciliation attitudes and perspective-taking). Method of data collection (sample description, procedure, variables scales and items), and a codebook (variables names and their code explained, to better understand the csv and sav data files) are provided. CMLCW P3: Collective Memory of The Lebanese Civil War (project acronym) Project #3 (the thesis included 5 projects/Datasets). Qualitative data included are anonymized: events recalled were slightly edited/rephrased to ensure extra anonymity. Raw qualitative data (non-edited) is kept closed but can be requested from authors for specific use and context, under a restricted access. Dataset of the project in two different formats; Method and Codebook of Dataset

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Lebanon County Christian Ministries

When asked about their personal attitude towards various religions in Australia, ** percent of Australians surveyed had a negative attitude towards Muslims. Buddhists appeared to be least likely to elicit negative responses and around ** percent of respondents responded negatively to Christians.

 Islam in Australia

Muslims represent almost a quarter of the religious diversity in the Asia Pacific region and Australia’s neighbor, Indonesia, has the largest Muslim population in the world. In Australia, Islam is the second largest religious group but less than ***** percent of the population are Muslim, compared to over ** percent of the population identifying as Christian. The Australian Muslim community is very diverse, consisting of migrants from Bangladesh, Lebanon, Turkey, as well as Australian-born Muslims of European heritage.

 Australians increasingly less religious

The 2016 Australian census revealed that an ever-increasing number of Australians are selecting “no religion” in the optional census question on religious affiliation. This drop in religious affiliation is a common trend in many economically developed countries, although some of Australia’s minority religions like Islam and Buddhism are still showing some growth. In contrast, Christianity appears to be declining, especially amongst people under the age of **, an age group that also recorded higher numbers of people with no religion.

Background. This study examined the origin of present-day Lebanese using high-resolution HLA class I and class II allele and haplotype distributions. The study subjects comprised 152 unrelated individuals, and their HLA class I and class II alleles and two-locus and five-locus haplotypes were compared with those of neighboring and distant communities using genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms, correspondence, and haplotype analyses. HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) were genotyped at a high-resolution level by PCR-SSP. Results. In total, 76 alleles across the five HLA loci were detected: A*03:01 (17.1%), A*24:02 (16.5%), B*35:01 (25.7%), C*04:01 (25.3%), and C*07:01 (20.7%) were the most frequent class I alleles, while DRB1*11:01 (34.2%) and DQB1*03:01 (43.8%) were the most frequent class II alleles. All pairs of HLA loci were in significant linkage disequilibrium. The most frequent two-locus haplotypes recorded were DRB1*11:01~DQB1*03:01 (30.9%), B*35:01-C*04:01 (20.7%), B*35:01~DRB1*11:01 (13.8%), and A*24:02~B*35:01 (10.3%). Lebanese appear to be closely related to East Mediterranean communities such as Levantines (Palestinians, Syrians, and Jordanians), Turks, Macedonians, and Albanians. However, Lebanese appear to be distinct from North African, Iberian, and Sub-Saharan communities. Conclusions. Collectively, this indicates a limited genetic contribution of Arabic-speaking populations (from North Africa or the Arabian Peninsula) and Sub-Saharan communities to the present-day Lebanese gene pool. This confirms the notion that Lebanese population are of mixed East Mediterranean and Asian origin, with a marked European component. Methods The study subjects comprised 152 unrelated healthy Lebanese individuals of both sexes (90 males and 62 females), who were randomly collected from the five provinces and the six major religious groups of Lebanon. These comprised hospital and university staff, blood donors, and volunteers from the community. None of the study participants suffered from any acute or chronic disease, including neurologic, cardiac, or metabolic diseases, and were not on any medication at the time of specimen collection. The individuals were subjected to HLA class I and class II high-resolution genotyping and phylogenetic calculations. Low-resolution HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, and DQB1 typing was performed using generic polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) kits (One Lambda, Thousand Oaks, CA), while high-resolution typing was performed by PCR-SSP using SSP1L (class I) and SSP2L (class II) HLA genotyping kits according to the manufacturer’s specifications (Luminex–One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA).

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Christian Lebanese Foundation In The World

The data was collected in 2020, in the context of a doctoral thesis in social and cultural psychology at the University of Brussels, Belgium. Thesis title: Were we all victims and perpetrators? How national and religious identifications and processes of victimhood and responsibility attributions for the civil war affect present-day intergroup relations in Lebanon. This thesis aims to study the role of ingroup identification in shaping construals of group victimhood and responsibility attributions, in addition to the impact of these factors on intergroup relations. We choose to study this phenomenon in the context of the Lebanese civil war, in Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon, evaluating two types of ingroup identification (national and religious) in the two main religious groups (Christians and Muslims). Quantitative data collected via online survey among Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon. This project aimed to assess the effect of manipulating competitive and inclusive victimhood, in addition to ingroup identification, on intergroup relations in Lebanon and other factors (Outgroup attitudes, willingness to engage in contact, intergroup similarity perception, forgiveness, collective action and responsibility attribution). Method of data collection (sample description, procedure, variables scales and items), and a codebook (variables names and their code explained, to better understand the csv and sav data files) are provided. CMLCW P4: Collective Memory of The Lebanese Civil War (project acronym) Project #4 (the thesis included 5 projects/Datasets). Dataset of the project in two different formats; Method and Codebook of Dataset;

The "Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization Survey (RFRS)" is a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted among Muslims, Christians, Jews, and non-believers in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, Turkey, and the USA. The survey is designed specifically to test hypotheses related to determinants of religious radicalization. It includes a broad range of variables concerning religiosity, religious knowledge, and fundamentalism, as well as a survey experiment concerning the effect of religious scripture on religious violence legitimation. The data collection in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, Palestine, and Turkey was funded by the WZB Berlin Social Science Center, whereas the data collection in the USA was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435-2012-0922). The fieldwork for the survey took place between November 2016 and June 2017. The data set currently only includes the variables used in the following publications: Kanol, Eylem (2021): Explaining Unfavorable Attitudes Toward Religious Out-Groups Among Three Major Religions. In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Early view articles. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12725 Koopmans, Ruud; Kanol, Eylem; Stolle, Dietlind (2021): Scriptural legitimation and the mobilisation of support for religious violence: Experimental evidence across three religions and seven countries. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (7), pp. 1498-1516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1822158 Kanol, Eylem (2024): Who Supports Jihadi Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq? Assessing the Role of Religion- and Grievance-based Explanations. In: Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2024.2306872 Analyses of other parts of the data set are ongoing. Once these are completed, the entire data set will be made publicly available.

The data was collected in the context of a doctoral thesis in social and cultural psychology at the University of Brussels, Belgium. Thesis title: Were we all victims and perpetrators? How national and religious identifications and processes of victimhood and responsibility attributions for the civil war affect present-day intergroup relations in Lebanon. This thesis aims to study the role of ingroup identification in shaping construals of group victimhood and responsibility attributions, in addition to the impact of these factors on intergroup relations. We choose to study this phenomenon in the context of the Lebanese civil war, in Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon, evaluating two types of ingroup identification (national and religious) in the two main religious groups (Christians and Muslims). Quantitative data collected via online survey among Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon. This project aimed to assess various factors (victimhood, responsibility attributions, threat, group status, etc. ) that can impact intergroup relations (attitudes, intergroup contact, forgiveness, collection action). Method of data collection (sample description, procedure, variables scales and items), and a codebook (variables names and their code explained, to better understand the csv and sav data files). CMLCW P5: Collective Memory of The Lebanese Civil War (project acronym) Project #5 (the thesis included 5 projects/Datasets). Method and Codebook of Dataset; Dataset of the project in two different formats

People who see religion as very important usually have a lower acceptance of homosexuality. According to a survey conducted in 2019, in South Korea, Lebanon, and Lithuania, respondents who perceived religion as very relevant had a very low acceptance of homosexuality, below ** percent. Among the countries with the largest discrepancies between people seeing religion as very important and those seeing it as not very important, Israel recorded the highest difference in percentage points.

The data was collected in, 2020, in the context of a doctoral thesis in social and cultural psychology at the University of Brussels, Belgium. Thesis title: Were we all victims and perpetrators? How national and religious identifications and processes of victimhood and responsibility attributions for the civil war affect present-day intergroup relations in Lebanon. This thesis aims to study the role of ingroup identification in shaping construals of group victimhood and responsibility attributions, in addition to the impact of these factors on intergroup relations. We choose to study this phenomenon in the context of the Lebanese civil war, in Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon, evaluating two types of ingroup identification (national and religious) in the two main religious groups (Christians and Muslims). Quantitative data collected via online survey among Lebanese citizens currently residing in Lebanon. This project aimed to assess how construals of victimhood and responsibility and collective emotions are expressed after being exposed to ingroup past events, related to the Lebanese civil war, in addition to the impact of group membership and identification on this process. Method of data collection (sample description, procedure, variables scales and items), and a codebook (variables names and their code explained, to better understand the csv and sav data files) are provided. CMLCW P2: Collective Memory of The Lebanese Civil War (project acronym) Project #2 (the thesis included 5 projects/Datasets). Method and Codebook of Dataset; Dataset of the project in two different formats

Liban: Christians as percent of the total population: Pour cet indicateur, The Cline Center for Democracy fournit des données pour la Liban de 1960 à 2013. La valeur moyenne pour Liban pendant cette période était de 38.8 pour cent avec un minimum de 26.9 pour cent en 2013 et un maximum de 50.7 pour cent en 1960.