BackgroundChronic inflammation and oxidative stress might be considered the key mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance (IR) is a phenomenon related to inflammatory and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that IR may be associated with cellular senescence, as measured by leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and arterial stiffness (core feature of arterial aging), as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV).MethodsThe study group included 303 subjects, mean age 51.8 ±13.3 years, free of known cardiovascular diseases and regular drug consumption. For each patient, blood pressure was measured, blood samples were available for biochemical parameters, and LTL was analyzed by real time q PCR. C-f PWV was measured with the help of SphygmoCor. SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThrough multiple linear regression analysis, c-f PWV is independently and positively associated with age (p = 0.0001) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.0001) and independently negatively associated with LTL (p = 0.0378). HOMA-IR seems to have a stronger influence than SBP on arterial stiffness. In all subjects, age, HOMA-IR, LTL, and SBP predicted 32% of the variance in c-f PWV. LTL was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001) and age (p = 0.0001). In all subjects, HOMA-IR, age, sex, and SBP predicted 16% of the variance in LTL.ConclusionsThese data suggest that IR is associated with cell senescence and arterial aging and could, therefore, become the main target in preventing accelerated arterial aging, besides blood pressure control. Research in telomere biology may reveal new ways of estimating cardiovascular aging and risk.

AsAs15S17(SAs)8 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of one arsenic molecule; three SAs clusters; and one As15S17 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In one of the SAs clusters, there are two inequivalent As+2.08+ sites. In the first As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.30 Å. In the second As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.30 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.09 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. In one of the SAs clusters, there are three inequivalent As+2.08+ sites. In the first As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.31 Å. In the second As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.12 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the third As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.32 Å) As–S bond lengths. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As+2.08+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In one of the SAs clusters, there are three inequivalent As+2.08+ sites. In the first As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the second As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.26 Å. In the third As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.35 Å. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.09 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. In the As15S17 ribbon, there are fifteen inequivalent As+2.08+ sites. In the first As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.25 Å) and one longer (2.43 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the second As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.25 Å. In the third As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.32 Å. In the fourth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.07–3.00 Å. In the fifth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.28 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the sixth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.29 Å. In the seventh As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.71 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the eighth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.29 Å) and one longer (2.32 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the ninth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.30 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the tenth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.81 Å. In the eleventh As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.39 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the twelfth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.18 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the thirteenth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.27 Å. In the fourteenth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the fifteenth As+2.08+ site, As+2.08+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.18 Å) and one longer (2.29 Å) As–S bond lengths. There are seventeen inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.03 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.03 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.10 Å. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.07 Å. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As+2.08+ atom. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the thirteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three As+2.08+ atoms. In the fourteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two As+2.08+ atoms. In the fifteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. In the sixteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two As+2.08+ and one S2- atom. In the seventeenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one As+2.08+ and one S2- atom.

Note: , , and are mean values (Mean ± SD) calculated for the first 2.5 cm of the model length. Max was also calculated for the first 2.5 cm of the model length.

Abbreviations: c-f PWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; Error SS: error of sum of squares; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LTL, leukocyte telomere length; SBP, systolic blood pressure; S.E.: standard error; Total SS: total sum of squares; Type III SS:type III sum of squares.Multiple linear regression analysis of c-f PWV (dependent variable) on age, SBP, LTL, HOMA-IR as independent variables.

The total length of navigable waterways (i.e., canals, rivers, and lakes) used for transport in Poland in 2009 was 3,660 kilometers. In 2023, the total length of navigable waterways in Poland decreased, amounting to 3,549 kilometers.

SAs crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two arsenic compounds molecules; one As4S3 cluster; one SAs cluster; one SSAs cluster; one As3S4 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction; and two SAs ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the As4S3 cluster, there are four inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.27 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.28 Å. In the third As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.28 Å) and one longer (2.29 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the fourth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.26 Å. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the SAs cluster, there are two inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.31 Å. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.32 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.09 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. In the SSAs cluster, there are two inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.30 Å) and one longer (2.35 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.29 Å) and one longer (2.35 Å) As–S bond lengths. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.05 Å) and one longer (2.06 Å) S–S bond lengths. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. In the As3S4 ribbon, there are three inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.36 Å. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the third As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.28 Å. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.04 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As2+ and one S2- atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In one of the SAs ribbons, there are five inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.30 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.86 Å. In the third As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.32 Å. In the fourth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.31 Å. In the fifth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.28 Å. There are five inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one As2+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three As2+ atoms. In one of the SAs ribbons, there are six inequivalent As2+ sites. In the first As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.31 Å. In the second As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.27 Å) and one longer (2.34 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the third As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.33 Å. In the fourth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The As–S bond length is 2.27 Å. In the fifth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a water-like geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.25 Å) and one longer (2.27 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the sixth As2+ site, As2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.30 Å. There are six inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two As2+ atoms.

Details for the SAS system: ownership, installers, suppliers, length, capacity, and service dates.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; c-f PWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FG: fasting glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LTL: leukocyte telomere length; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TA: telomerase activity; 2h OGTT:2-h glucose level following the oral glucose tolerance test; P-value: p between HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5 and HOMA-IR >2.5 groupsClinical and metabolic characteristics of the study participants in the total group and according to HOMA-IR.

Details for the SAS-2 system: ownership, installers, suppliers, length, capacity, and service dates.

Summary of step wise selection of traits through the STEPDISC Procedure for male chicken ecotypes.

Total–sample standardized Canonical Coefficients, Canonical correlations, class means on canonical variables and total variation explained by each variate of the indigenous chicken ecotypes.

Least square means for quantitative traits of indigenous chicken ecotypes in three agro-ecological zones of western zone of Tigray (Lsmeans±SEM).

The GLM SAS resuts of morphometric body measurements for sex vs location.

Stepwise selection summary table for female and male populations.

Class means on canonical variables of female and male population.

Multivariate statistics and F approximations for female and male populations.

Frequency percentage, chi-square test and level of association for categorical variables of cattle populations in northwest Ethiopia.