Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 559.423 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated decadal, averaging 559.423 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 474.499 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data was reported at 580.000 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 576.593 Person th for 2021. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 537.814 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 580.000 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 484.585 Person th in 2010. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data was reported at 53.300 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 53.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.300 Person th in 2014 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data was reported at 29.700 Person th in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.200 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data is updated yearly, averaging 30.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.200 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 25.000 Person th in 2004. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data was reported at 32.800 Person th in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data is updated yearly, averaging 30.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.000 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 29.000 Person th in 2006. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data was reported at 63.200 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 60.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.200 Person th in 2014 and a record low of 50.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

This statistic depicts the number of workers in Lhasa urban area in China as of December 2019, by employment status. By the end of 2019, around **** million people were employed in urban units in the urban area of Lhasa.

The data set contains the blood routine and blood biochemical indexes collected from native Tibetans in Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region for four follow-up visits. The project carried out four follow-up surveys in Lhasa and Nyingchi from May to June and September to October 2021, and a total of 212 subjects were recruited. Blood is an important circulating element of human body, which stores the information of human health. Biological samples of subjects were collected at each visit. The professional nurses of Lhasa Second People's Hospital and Nyingchi Jianmin hospital collected 18 ~ 20ml blood samples, and some samples were sent to the hospital for blood routine and blood biochemical analysis. The data can be used to evaluate the health level of permanent residents in Tibet and further analyze the impact of ozone exposure and hypoxia on the health of permanent residents.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 870.700 Person th in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 867.891 Person th for 2020. Population: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated yearly, averaging 594.700 Person th from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 870.700 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 420.800 Person th in 2003. Population: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Introduction: The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is one of the last terrestrial environments conquered by modern humans. Tibetans are among the few high-altitude settlers in the world, and understanding the genetic profile of Tibetans plays a pivotal role in studies of anthropology, genetics, and archaeology.Methods: In this study, we investigated the maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans based on the whole mitochondrial genome collected from 145 unrelated native Lhasa Tibetans. Molecular diversity indices, haplotype diversity (HD), Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs were calculated and the Bayesian Skyline Plot was obtained to determining the genetic profile and population fluctuation of Lhasa Tibetans. To further explore the genetic structure of Lhasa Tibetans, we collected 107 East Asian reference populations to perform principal component analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), calculated Fst values and constructed phylogenetic tree.Results: The maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans showed obvious East Asian characteristics, M9a (28.28%), R (11.03%), F1 (12.41%), D4 (9.66%), N (6.21%), and M62 (4.14%) were the dominant haplogroups. The results of PCA, MDS, Fst and phylogenetic tree were consistent: Lhasa Tibetans clustered with other highland Tibeto-Burman speakers, there was obvious genetic homogeneity of Tibetans in Xizang, and genetic similarity between Tibetans and northern Han people and geographically adjacent populations was found. In addition, specific maternal lineages of Tibetans also be determined in this study.Discussion: In general, this study further shed light on long-time matrilineal continuity on the Tibetan Plateau and the genetic connection between Tibetans and millet famers in the Yellow River Basin, and further revealed that multiple waves of population interaction and admixture during different historical periods between lowland and highland populations shaped the maternal genetic profile of Tibetans.

To investigate the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans, 447 male samples were collected from Ngari (n=211), Chamdo (n=119), and Nyingchi (n=117). Firstly, SNP genotyping was performed to allocate samples into haplogroups. To further evaluate the genetic diversity of the major Y-chromosomal haplogroup in Tibetan populations from Lhasa, eight commonly used Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were genotyped using fluorescence-labeled primers with an ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). The results indicated that haplogroup D displayed highest frequency in these three Tibetan populations (Ngari 54.50%, Nyingchi 64.10%, Chamdo 67.23%). Among haplogroup D, D-P47 showed the highest frequency (Ngari 29.39%, Nyingchi 51.28%, Chamdo 55.46%). Differently, D-N1 showed the highest frequency in Ngari (21.33%), followed by Nyingchi (11.97%) and Chamdo (10.92%). Haplogroup O-M117 is the second frequent haplogroup in these three populations, with the highest frequency in Ngari (29.86%), followed by Nyingchi (26.50%) and Chamdo (15.97%). Compared with the other two populations, Ngari Tibetans have higher frequencies of western Eurasian haplogroups, including R-M17 (1.42%), R-M343 (1.42%), and J, probably reflecting more genetic contribution from the west into Ngari. In combination with the data from Lhasa that deposited in 2019 and 2020, our Y chromosome data of Tibetans from different locations on the Tibetan Plateau will be very helpful to understanding the paternal genetic structure of Tibetans. Moreover, the genetic history of Tibetans can also be dissected by phylogeographic and coalescent analyses.

The data set contains the systemic inflammatory oxidative stress indexes collected from native Tibetans in Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region for four follow-up visits. The project carried out four follow-up surveys in Lhasa and Nyingchi from May to June and September to October 2021, and a total of 212 subjects were recruited. Biological samples of subjects were collected at each visit. The professional nurses of Lhasa Second People's Hospital and Nyingchi Jianmin hospital collected 18 ~ 20ml blood samples, and some samples were sent to the hospital for analysis. The related indexes of leukocytes such as lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes can reflect the level of systemic oxidative stress inflammation. The data can be used to evaluate the level of systemic inflammatory oxidative stress of native Tibetans in Tibet, and further analyze the effects of ozone exposure and hypoxia on systemic inflammatory oxidative stress of permanent residents.

The Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness (LHASA) model identifies locations with high potential for landslide occurrence at a daily temporal resolution. LHASA combines satellite‐based precipitation estimates with a landslide susceptibility map derived from information on slope, geology, road networks, fault zones, and forest loss. When rainfall is considered to be extreme and susceptibility values are moderate to very high, a “nowcast” is issued to indicate the times and places where landslides are more probable.This archive contains GeoTIFF Rasters that are a 16-year average (beginning of 2001 - end of 2016). The spatial coverage is from 72°N to 60°S latitude, and 180°W to 180°E longitude, based on IMERG Ver06B from the aforementioned time interval. The provided global maps of exposure to landslide hazards, are at a 30x30 arc-second resolution. These maps show the estimated exposure of population, roads, and critical infrastructure (hospitals/clinics, schools, fuel stations, power stations & distribution facilities) to landslide hazard, as modeled by the NASA LHASA model.The data collection consists of eight files, covering the aforementioned spatial and temporal ranges, totaling approximately 20.3 GB (~2.5 GB each): (1): Landslide hazard (annual average; Units: Nowcasts.yr-1) (2): Landslide hazard (annual standard deviation; Units: Nowcasts.yr-1) (3): Population exposure (annual average; Units: Person-Nowcasts. yr-1. km-2) (4): Population exposure (annual standard deviation; Units: Person-Nowcasts. yr-1. km-2) (5): Road exposure (annual average; Units: Nowcasts.km.yr-1.km-2) (6): Road exposure (annual standard deviation; Units: Nowcasts.km.yr-1.km-2) (7): Critical infrastructure exposure (annual average; Units: Nowcasts.element.yr-1.km-2) (8): Critical infrastructure exposure (annual standard deviation; Units: Nowcasts.element.yr-1.km-2)

Introduction: The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is one of the last terrestrial environments conquered by modern humans. Tibetans are among the few high-altitude settlers in the world, and understanding the genetic profile of Tibetans plays a pivotal role in studies of anthropology, genetics, and archaeology.Methods: In this study, we investigated the maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans based on the whole mitochondrial genome collected from 145 unrelated native Lhasa Tibetans. Molecular diversity indices, haplotype diversity (HD), Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs were calculated and the Bayesian Skyline Plot was obtained to determining the genetic profile and population fluctuation of Lhasa Tibetans. To further explore the genetic structure of Lhasa Tibetans, we collected 107 East Asian reference populations to perform principal component analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), calculated Fst values and constructed phylogenetic tree.Results: The maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans showed obvious East Asian characteristics, M9a (28.28%), R (11.03%), F1 (12.41%), D4 (9.66%), N (6.21%), and M62 (4.14%) were the dominant haplogroups. The results of PCA, MDS, Fst and phylogenetic tree were consistent: Lhasa Tibetans clustered with other highland Tibeto-Burman speakers, there was obvious genetic homogeneity of Tibetans in Xizang, and genetic similarity between Tibetans and northern Han people and geographically adjacent populations was found. In addition, specific maternal lineages of Tibetans also be determined in this study.Discussion: In general, this study further shed light on long-time matrilineal continuity on the Tibetan Plateau and the genetic connection between Tibetans and millet famers in the Yellow River Basin, and further revealed that multiple waves of population interaction and admixture during different historical periods between lowland and highland populations shaped the maternal genetic profile of Tibetans.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data was reported at 36.400 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 35.200 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data is updated yearly, averaging 33.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.000 Person th in 2011 and a record low of 30.000 Person th in 2010. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

The whole mitochondrial genomes of 68 Tibetan samples were sequenced by high-throughput second-generation sequencing. The average depth of sequencing was 1000 ×, ensuring that the mitochondrial genome of each sample was completely covered (100%). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, we control the quality of these data to ensure that there is no sample pollution and other quality problems. According to the phylogenetic tree, each individual was allocated into haplogroups. The results showed that in Lhasa Tibetan population, M9a1c1b1a was the highest (19.12%), followed by G2 (13.23%), M13a (11.76%), C4a (7.35%), D4 (7.35%), A11a1a (5.88%), M9a1b (5.88%), and F1c, F1g, B4, F1d, M62b, F1a, F1b, G1, M11, M8a, U7a, Z3a. These haplogroups have different originations, including Paleolithic components (M13a, M62b, M9a1b, etc.), northern China millet farmers’ components (M9a1c1b1a and A11a1a), components distributed mainly in southern East Asia (F1a, etc.), northern East Asian haplogroups (C4a, D4, etc.). It is worth noting that the maternal component of Lhasa Tibetans is mainly composed of millet agricultural population in northern China, indicating the important impact of genetic input of millet agricultural population in northern China on the genetic structure of the population in this area. Taken together, the maternal genetic structure of Lhasa Tibetan population exhibits time stratification, which may represent the genetic imprint of different population entering the region in different periods.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data was reported at 51.400 Person th in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 51.400 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.000 Person th in 2012 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

This data set is the selenium concentrations in cultivated soil, household drinking water, self-produced tsamba and flour collected from Lhasa, Shannan and Linzhi of Tibet Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021. Drinking water samples were collected from tap water faucets or water reservoirs in residents' homes. Samples of self-produced tsamba and flour were collected at farmers' houses and then bagged with marks. The cultivated soil (0-20cm) samples collected in the village where the household survey was conducted were taken back to the laboratory and dried naturally. After that, a certain amount of samples were taken by the quartering method and then grounded with 100 mesh nylon screen for later process. The selenium contents in water samples were determined by the collision reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The total selenium contents in self-produced staple grains were determined by the methods of wet digestion and collision reaction cell-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The total selenium contents in cultivated soil were determined by the atomic fluorescence spectrometry. During the experiment, the national reference materials (GBW10011 (wheat), GBW10012 (corn), GBW (E) 100495 (wheat flour), GBW (E) 100498 (corn flour), GBW07447 (soil), GBW 07449 (soil), GBW07565 (soil)) as well as parallel samples were used for quality control. The results of national reference materials and duplicate samples showed that they met the requirements of experimental precision and accuracy. The environment with low selenium is an important factor for the occurrence and prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease. The self-produced tsamba and flour are the staple food of residents in the plateau farming and pastoral areas, whose selenium levels are closely related to the population health. This data set can be used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of selenium in the plateau environment, further evaluate the contribution of self-produced staple food to the selenium intake level of residents, and explore its impact on Kashin-Beck disease.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data was reported at 51.300 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 50.500 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.000 Person th in 2012 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Using high-throughput second-generation sequencing, mitochondrial whole genome sequencing was performed on 200 Tibetan samples. The average sequencing depth is 1000 x, ensuring complete coverage of the mitochondrial genome for each sample (100% coverage). Based on the idea of systematics, we conduct quality control on these data to ensure that there are no quality issues such as sample contamination. At the same time, based on the phylogenetic tree, each individual is classified into haplogroups. The results showed that M9a1a1c1b1a was the highest among the Tibetan population in Lhasa, followed by G2 M13a、C4a、D4、A11a1a、M9a1b， And F1c F1g、B4、F1d、M62b、F1a、F1b、G1、M10、M11、M8a、U7a、Z3a。 From the perspective of group origins, it includes the Paleolithic groups M13a, M62b, M9a1b, M9a1a, M9a1a1a1c1b1a and A11a1a from the millet farming population in northern China, F1a and others widely distributed in southern East Asia, and C4a, D4 and other groups distributed in northern East Asia. It is worth noting that the maternal composition of the Tibetan population in Lhasa is mainly composed of the northern Chinese millet and sorghum agricultural population, indicating that genetic input from the northern Chinese millet and sorghum agricultural population has a significant impact on the genetic structure of the population in the region. Furthermore, overall, the maternal genetic structure of the Tibetan population in Lhasa exhibits temporal stratification, which may represent the genetic imprints of populations entering the region at different times.