Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 559.423 Person th for 12-01-2010. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated decadal, averaging 559.423 Person th from Dec 2000 (Median) to 12-01-2020, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 867.891 Person th in 12-01-2020 and a record low of 474.499 Person th in 12-01-2000. Population: Census: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: By Census.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data was reported at 580.000 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 576.593 Person th for 2021. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 537.814 Person th from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 580.000 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 484.585 Person th in 2010. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Household Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data was reported at 53.300 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 53.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.300 Person th in 2014 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Mozhugongka data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data was reported at 29.700 Person th in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.200 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data is updated yearly, averaging 30.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.200 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 25.000 Person th in 2004. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data was reported at 32.800 Person th in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data is updated yearly, averaging 30.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.000 Person th in 2013 and a record low of 29.000 Person th in 2006. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Nimu data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Tibetan, one of the largest indigenous populations living in the high-altitude region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), has developed a suite of physiological adaptation strategies to cope with the extreme highland environment in TP. Here, we reported genome-wide SNP data from 48 Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and analyzed it with published data from 1,067 individuals in 167 modern and ancient populations to characterize the detailed Tibetan subgroup history and population substructure. Overall, the patterns of allele sharing and haplotype sharing suggested (1) the relatively genetic homogeny between the studied Nagqu Tibetans and ancient Nepalese as well as present-day core Tibetans from Lhasa, Nagqu, and Shigatse; and (2) the close relationship between our studied Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and Kham-speaking Chamdo Tibetans. The fitted qpAdm models showed that the studied Nagqu Tibetans could be fitted as having the main ancestry from late Neolithic upper Yellow River millet farmers and deeply diverged lineages from Southern East Asians (represented by Upper Paleolithic Guangxi_Longlin and Laos_Hoabinhian), and a non-neglectable western Steppe herder-related ancestry (∼3%). We further scanned the candidate genomic regions of natural selection for our newly generated Nagqu Tibetans and the published core Tibetans via FST, iHS, and XP-EHH tests. The genes overlapping with these regions were associated with essential human biological functions such as immune response, enzyme activity, signal transduction, skin development, and energy metabolism. Together, our results shed light on the admixture and evolutionary history of Nagqu Tibetan populations.

Tibetan, one of the largest indigenous populations living in the high-altitude region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), has developed a suite of physiological adaptation strategies to cope with the extreme highland environment in TP. Here, we reported genome-wide SNP data from 48 Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and analyzed it with published data from 1,067 individuals in 167 modern and ancient populations to characterize the detailed Tibetan subgroup history and population substructure. Overall, the patterns of allele sharing and haplotype sharing suggested (1) the relatively genetic homogeny between the studied Nagqu Tibetans and ancient Nepalese as well as present-day core Tibetans from Lhasa, Nagqu, and Shigatse; and (2) the close relationship between our studied Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and Kham-speaking Chamdo Tibetans. The fitted qpAdm models showed that the studied Nagqu Tibetans could be fitted as having the main ancestry from late Neolithic upper Yellow River millet farmers and deeply diverged lineages from Southern East Asians (represented by Upper Paleolithic Guangxi_Longlin and Laos_Hoabinhian), and a non-neglectable western Steppe herder-related ancestry (∼3%). We further scanned the candidate genomic regions of natural selection for our newly generated Nagqu Tibetans and the published core Tibetans via FST, iHS, and XP-EHH tests. The genes overlapping with these regions were associated with essential human biological functions such as immune response, enzyme activity, signal transduction, skin development, and energy metabolism. Together, our results shed light on the admixture and evolutionary history of Nagqu Tibetan populations.

The data set contains the blood routine and blood biochemical indexes collected from native Tibetans in Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region for four follow-up visits. The project carried out four follow-up surveys in Lhasa and Nyingchi from May to June and September to October 2021, and a total of 212 subjects were recruited. Blood is an important circulating element of human body, which stores the information of human health. Biological samples of subjects were collected at each visit. The professional nurses of Lhasa Second People's Hospital and Nyingchi Jianmin hospital collected 18 ~ 20ml blood samples, and some samples were sent to the hospital for blood routine and blood biochemical analysis. The data can be used to evaluate the health level of permanent residents in Tibet and further analyze the impact of ozone exposure and hypoxia on the health of permanent residents.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data was reported at 63.200 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.000 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data is updated yearly, averaging 60.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.200 Person th in 2014 and a record low of 50.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Linzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

The data set contains the systemic inflammatory oxidative stress indexes collected from native Tibetans in Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region for four follow-up visits. The project carried out four follow-up surveys in Lhasa and Nyingchi from May to June and September to October 2021, and a total of 212 subjects were recruited. Biological samples of subjects were collected at each visit. The professional nurses of Lhasa Second People's Hospital and Nyingchi Jianmin hospital collected 18 ~ 20ml blood samples, and some samples were sent to the hospital for analysis. The related indexes of leukocytes such as lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes can reflect the level of systemic oxidative stress inflammation. The data can be used to evaluate the level of systemic inflammatory oxidative stress of native Tibetans in Tibet, and further analyze the effects of ozone exposure and hypoxia on systemic inflammatory oxidative stress of permanent residents.

Tibetan, one of the largest indigenous populations living in the high-altitude region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), has developed a suite of physiological adaptation strategies to cope with the extreme highland environment in TP. Here, we reported genome-wide SNP data from 48 Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and analyzed it with published data from 1,067 individuals in 167 modern and ancient populations to characterize the detailed Tibetan subgroup history and population substructure. Overall, the patterns of allele sharing and haplotype sharing suggested (1) the relatively genetic homogeny between the studied Nagqu Tibetans and ancient Nepalese as well as present-day core Tibetans from Lhasa, Nagqu, and Shigatse; and (2) the close relationship between our studied Kham-speaking Nagqu Tibetans and Kham-speaking Chamdo Tibetans. The fitted qpAdm models showed that the studied Nagqu Tibetans could be fitted as having the main ancestry from late Neolithic upper Yellow River millet farmers and deeply diverged lineages from Southern East Asians (represented by Upper Paleolithic Guangxi_Longlin and Laos_Hoabinhian), and a non-neglectable western Steppe herder-related ancestry (∼3%). We further scanned the candidate genomic regions of natural selection for our newly generated Nagqu Tibetans and the published core Tibetans via FST, iHS, and XP-EHH tests. The genes overlapping with these regions were associated with essential human biological functions such as immune response, enzyme activity, signal transduction, skin development, and energy metabolism. Together, our results shed light on the admixture and evolutionary history of Nagqu Tibetan populations.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 870.700 Person th in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 867.891 Person th for 2020. Population: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated yearly, averaging 594.700 Person th from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 870.700 Person th in 2021 and a record low of 420.800 Person th in 2003. Population: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City.

This data set is the selenium concentrations in cultivated soil, household drinking water, self-produced tsamba and flour collected from Lhasa, Shannan and Linzhi of Tibet Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021. Drinking water samples were collected from tap water faucets or water reservoirs in residents' homes. Samples of self-produced tsamba and flour were collected at farmers' houses and then bagged with marks. The cultivated soil (0-20cm) samples collected in the village where the household survey was conducted were taken back to the laboratory and dried naturally. After that, a certain amount of samples were taken by the quartering method and then grounded with 100 mesh nylon screen for later process. The selenium contents in water samples were determined by the collision reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The total selenium contents in self-produced staple grains were determined by the methods of wet digestion and collision reaction cell-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The total selenium contents in cultivated soil were determined by the atomic fluorescence spectrometry. During the experiment, the national reference materials (GBW10011 (wheat), GBW10012 (corn), GBW (E) 100495 (wheat flour), GBW (E) 100498 (corn flour), GBW07447 (soil), GBW 07449 (soil), GBW07565 (soil)) as well as parallel samples were used for quality control. The results of national reference materials and duplicate samples showed that they met the requirements of experimental precision and accuracy. The environment with low selenium is an important factor for the occurrence and prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease. The self-produced tsamba and flour are the staple food of residents in the plateau farming and pastoral areas, whose selenium levels are closely related to the population health. This data set can be used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of selenium in the plateau environment, further evaluate the contribution of self-produced staple food to the selenium intake level of residents, and explore its impact on Kashin-Beck disease.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data was reported at 51.300 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 50.500 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.000 Person th in 2012 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Dangxiong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data was reported at 51.400 Person th in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 51.400 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data is updated yearly, averaging 50.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.000 Person th in 2012 and a record low of 40.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Duilongdeqing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data was reported at 36.400 Person th in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 35.200 Person th for 2013. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data is updated yearly, averaging 33.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.000 Person th in 2011 and a record low of 30.000 Person th in 2010. Population: Tibet: Lhasa: Qushui data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: County Level Region.

Introduction: The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is one of the last terrestrial environments conquered by modern humans. Tibetans are among the few high-altitude settlers in the world, and understanding the genetic profile of Tibetans plays a pivotal role in studies of anthropology, genetics, and archaeology.Methods: In this study, we investigated the maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans based on the whole mitochondrial genome collected from 145 unrelated native Lhasa Tibetans. Molecular diversity indices, haplotype diversity (HD), Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs were calculated and the Bayesian Skyline Plot was obtained to determining the genetic profile and population fluctuation of Lhasa Tibetans. To further explore the genetic structure of Lhasa Tibetans, we collected 107 East Asian reference populations to perform principal component analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), calculated Fst values and constructed phylogenetic tree.Results: The maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans showed obvious East Asian characteristics, M9a (28.28%), R (11.03%), F1 (12.41%), D4 (9.66%), N (6.21%), and M62 (4.14%) were the dominant haplogroups. The results of PCA, MDS, Fst and phylogenetic tree were consistent: Lhasa Tibetans clustered with other highland Tibeto-Burman speakers, there was obvious genetic homogeneity of Tibetans in Xizang, and genetic similarity between Tibetans and northern Han people and geographically adjacent populations was found. In addition, specific maternal lineages of Tibetans also be determined in this study.Discussion: In general, this study further shed light on long-time matrilineal continuity on the Tibetan Plateau and the genetic connection between Tibetans and millet famers in the Yellow River Basin, and further revealed that multiple waves of population interaction and admixture during different historical periods between lowland and highland populations shaped the maternal genetic profile of Tibetans.

Population: Non Agricultural: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 194.100 Person th in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 184.600 Person th for 2007. Population: Non Agricultural: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated yearly, averaging 189.350 Person th from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2008, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 194.100 Person th in 2008 and a record low of 184.600 Person th in 2007. Population: Non Agricultural: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: Non Agricultural.

Population: District under City: Household Registration: Tibet: Lhasa data was reported at 330.000 Person th in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 326.402 Person th for 2021. Population: District under City: Household Registration: Tibet: Lhasa data is updated yearly, averaging 305.000 Person th from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 330.000 Person th in 2022 and a record low of 208.000 Person th in 2014. Population: District under City: Household Registration: Tibet: Lhasa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Lhasa Municipal Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GE: Population: Prefecture Level City: District under City.

Population: Rural: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data was reported at 26.000 Person th in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.000 Person th for 2011. Population: Rural: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data is updated yearly, averaging 25.000 Person th from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2012, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.000 Person th in 2011 and a record low of 20.000 Person th in 2005. Population: Rural: Tibet: Lhasa: Dazi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Socio-Demographic – Table CN.GJ: Population: Rural: County Level Region.