Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are derived from Spatial Services’ (SS) point cloud data. The DEM is a bare earth representation of the earth’s surface where all the above ground feature has been removed.

DEM derived from LiDAR: 1m or 2m resolution. Data is not hydrologically enforced (breaklines) or hydrologically conditioned (identification and analysis of sinks).

DEM derived photogrammetry: data is 5m resolution. Areas of no data caused by steep slopes, shadow and vegetation have been interpolated or filled-in with another data source and will not be as accurate as the bare open ground areas. The data is not hydrologically enforced (breaklines) or hydrologically conditioned identification and analysis of sinks).

Remotely sensed topographic (elevation) and bathymetric (depth) information were acquired for the NSW coast (Point Danger to Cape Howe) and southern Queensland (Palm Beach to Point Danger) using Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry (ALB - a combination of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Laser Airborne Depth Sounding (LADS) sensors) during July – December 2018. Data were acquired by Fugro Pty Ltd on behalf of NSW Office of Environment and Heritage using a Riegl VQ-820-G ALB (LiDAR) and Fugro LADS High-Definition sensors aboard sub-contracted Corporate Air Cessna C441 (VH-VEH). Funding was provided through the NSW Coastal Reforms package. The objective of the project was to provide high-resolution data better than 3-5 m spaced soundings (0.5 m spot spacing terrestrial; 3.4 m spot spacing marine) from the mean high-water mark to ~200m inland, and from the shore, seaward (LADS - bathymetry) to the point of laser extinction (~20-40m water depth depending on in-water conditions). Positioning data were collected on the ellipsoid ITRF 2014 GRS80 in UTM Z56 and post-processed using local base stations (CORSnet NSW) to provide a Post Processed Kinematic GNSS solution for final aircraft trajectory before being applied to all data. The data provided here are classified LAS format point clouds, subset into 1) 1 x 1 km tiles of classified height (combined topo-bathymetry) and 2)areas of reflectivity (strength of signal return) data, both in GDA 2020 (horizontal datum; Zones 55 or 56) at Australian Height Datum (vertical datum) with vertical precision to International Hydrographic Order (IHO) 1B. Point cloud data tied to GRS80 ellipsoid is also available. Reflectivity data is further subset into 1) LADS and 2) Riegel sensors. Data covers an area of 6862 km2 and is subdivided into 48 sub-datasets, the extents of which are generally defined in their alongshore extent by the boundaries of NSW Secondary Sediment Compartments (Geosciences Australia). Each data file is prefixed with the compartment name and year of collection. Data provided are available on the ELVIS website (Geosciences Australia - https://elevation.fsdf.org.au). Metadata, data quality statements and geographical data coverage ArcGIS shapefiles are available via SEED https://www.seed.nsw.gov.au/edphome/home.aspx, as are links to the datasets. The data are intended to inform coastal and marine management and should not be used for navigation without additional processing.

Seabed landform features were classified from the New South Wales statewide marine lidar dataset, acquired in 2018 by Fugro Pty Ltd on behalf of the Department of Planning and Environment (data available for download on SEED, see below). Seabed features were extracted from the marine lidar data and classified into seabed landform classes. Classified landform features include reefs, plains, peaks, scarps, depressions and channels. These landforms capture variation in the shape and structure of reef outcrops along the NSW coastal and nearshore environment. Features were classified using the Seabed Landforms Classification Toolset developed for ArcGIS by the Coastal and Marine Unit, DPE (Linklater et al. 2023) which are publicly available on SEED (https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/seabed-landforms-classification-toolset) and GitHub (https://github.com/LinklaterM/Seabed-Landforms-Classification-Toolset/).

The statewide dataset is provided as ArcGIS shapefiles divided into 9 segments along the coast. The data covers 4060 km2, extending from the coastline (0 m AHD) to a maximum of 50 m depth, reaching an average depth of 35 m. Data coverage extends a maximum distance of 9 km offshore, with coverage extending on average 3 km offshore.

This dataset provides an understanding of the extent and distribution of submerged reefs along the NSW coast, which contributes fundamental baseline information for managers, users and custodians of the marine environment.

This dataset was funded by the Marine Estate Management Authority and NSW Climate Change Fund through the Coastal Management Funding Package.

Please cite this dataset as: Linklater, M., Morris, B., Kinsela, M., Ingleton, T. and Hanslow, D. (2022), Exploring patterns of reef distribution along the southeast Australian coast using marine lidar data. Manuscript in preparation.

NSW statewide marine lidar data – available for download on SEED: https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/marine-lidar-topo-bathy-2018

Linklater, M., Morris, B.D. and Hanslow, D.J. (2023), Classification of seabed landforms on continental and island shelves. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1258556/full.

Linklater, M., Ingleton, T. C., Kinsela, M. A., Morris, B. D., Allen, K. M., Sutherland, M. D., & Hanslow, D. J. 2019. Techniques for classifying seabed morphology and composition on a subtropical-temperate continental shelf. Geosciences, 9(3), 141.

Bathymetric (depth) information were sourced from the NSW statewide marine lidar bathymetry data collected in 2018 and multibeam echosounder surveys conducted by the NSW Department of Planning and Environment since 2005. Data were mosaicked in ArcGIS 10.8, with the marine lidar data superseding the multibeam data where overlaps occurred. This dataset will be updated as new surveys are conducted.

Please refer to the ‘NSW Marine LiDAR Topo-Bathy 2018 Geotif’ (https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/marine-lidar-topo-bathy-2018) and ‘HABMAP Multi-beam Survey Coverage Areas’ (https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/habmap-multi-beam-survey-coverage-areasd74ae) records on SEED for further information on the data sources.

The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 5 Metre Grid of Australia derived from LiDAR model represents a National 5 metre (bare earth) DEM which has been derived from some 236 individual LiDAR surveys between 2001 and 2015 covering an area in excess of 245,000 square kilometres. These surveys cover Australia's populated coastal zone; floodplain surveys within the Murray Darling Basin, and individual surveys of major and minor population centres. All available 1 metre resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs have been compiled and resampled to 5 metre resolution datasets for each survey area, and then merged into a single dataset for each State. These State datasets have also been merged into a 1 second resolution national dataset.

The acquisition of the individual LiDAR surveys and derivation of the 5m product has been part of a long-term collaboration between Geoscience Australia, the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information (CRCSI), the Departments of Climate Change and Environment, State and Territory jurisdictions, Local Government and the Murray Darling Basin Authority under the auspices of the National Elevation Data Framework and Coastal and Urban DEM Program, with additional data supplied by the Australian Department of Defence. The source datasets have been captured to standards that are generally consistent with the Australian ICSM LiDAR Acquisition Specifications with require a fundamental vertical accuracy of at least 0.30m (95% confidence) and horizontal accuracy of at least 0.80m (95% confidence).

The point cloud data set consists of point clouds captured from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and derived from airborne imagery using photogrammetric techniques. The point cloud data set consists of point clouds captured from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and derived from airborne imagery using photogrammetric techniques.

Access API Access 5m DEM Service Access NSW Elevation Service Access ELVIS PlatformNSW Elevation and Depth Theme Please Note WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94 This dataset has spatial reference [WGS …Show full description Access API Access 5m DEM Service Access NSW Elevation Service Access ELVIS PlatformNSW Elevation and Depth Theme Please Note WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94 This dataset has spatial reference [WGS 84 ≈ GDA94] which may result in misalignments when viewed in GDA2020 environments. A similar service with a ‘multiCRS’ suffix is available which can support GDA2020, GDA94 and WGS 84 ≈ GDA2020 environments. In due course, and allowing time for user feedback and testing, it is intended that the original service name will adopt the new multiCRS functionally.Elevation and Depth is the measurement of the Earth’s surface above or below a vertical datum to obtain the height of the land. Data is collected using a range of sensors including: laser, sonar, radar and optical. Technical methodologies are used to derive spot heights, raster surfaces, contours, triangulated irregular networks and digital elevation models. Datasets that form the Elevation and Depth theme include: Historical Contours (2m Urban, 10m and 20m) Current 2m Contours (State wide) Spot Heights Relative Heights Point cloud (LiDAR and Photogrammetrically derived) (available for download from Geoscience Australia ELVIS Platform) Digital Elevation Model (available for download from Geoscience Australia ELVIS Platform)Point Clouds - The point cloud data set consists of point clouds captured from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and derived from airborne imagery using photogrammetric techniques. Spatial Services Point Cloud data is available for on demand download from Geoscience Australia ELVIS Platform. Digital Elevation Models - Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are derived from Spatial Services’ (SS) point cloud data. The DEM is a bare earth representation of the earth’s surface where all the above ground feature has been removed. Spatial Services have a number of different Digital Elevation Models Digital Elevation Model derived from LiDARAre 1m or 2m resolution and is not hydrologically enforced (breaklines) or hydrologically conditioned (identification andanalysis of sinks). Digital Elevation Model derived Photogrammetry Data is 5m resolution. Areas of no data caused by steep slopes, shadow and vegetation have been interpolated or filled-in with another data source and will not be as accurate as the bare open ground areas. The data is not hydrologically enforced (breaklines) or hydrologically conditioned (identification and analysis of sinks).Spatial Services Digital Elevation Model data is available for on demand download from. Geoscience Australia ELVIS Platform as 2km x 2km tiles. You can also access the NSW 5 Metre Digital Elevation Model Service in the Spatial Collaboration Portal: Elevation and Depth provides an accurate representation of the Earth’s surface enabling evidence-based decision making, 3D modelling, planning and earth surface representation. Elevation and Depth underpins: · Safe hydrographic· Aeronautical and road navigation· Climate science, including climate change adaptation· Emergency management and natural hazard risk assessment· Environmental, including water management· Engineering projects and infrastructure development· Definition of maritime and administrative boundaries· Natural resource exploration Update frequencies vary for each dataset. Individual current status can be found under each Spatial data profile. The objective is to maintain elevation datasets to meet the FDSI requirements of key data users. Current programs include:· Aerial LiDAR capture program across NSW.· DEM and Point Cloud generation from photogrammetric techniques. Longer term programs include:· Update of contour data using updated DEM data generated from LiDAR and Photogrammetry.· Hydrological enforcement using improved surface models. MetadataType Esri Map ServiceUpdate Frequency As required Contact Details Contact us via the Spatial Services Customer Hub Relationship to Themes and Datasets Elevation and Depth Theme of the Foundation Spatial Data FrameworkAccuracy The dataset maintains a positional relationship to, and alignment with, the drainage and topographic digital datasets. these data sets were captured primarily by digitising from the best available aerial photography at scales and accuracies, ranging from 1:500 to 1:250 000 according to the National Mapping Council of Australia, Standards of Map Accuracy (1975). Therefore, the position of the feature instance will be within 0.5mm at map scale for 90% of the well-defined points. That is, 1:500 = 0.25m, 1:2000 = 1m, 1:4000 = 2m, 1:25000 = 12.5m, 1:50000 = 25m and 1:100000 = 50m. A program of positional upgrade (accuracy improvement) is currently underway.Spatial Reference System (dataset) Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94), Australian Height Datum (AHD) Spatial Reference System    (web service) EPSG 4326: WGS 84 Geographic 2D WGS 84 Equivalent ToGDA94 Spatial Extent Full State Standards and Specifications AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information - Data product specificationsOGC compliant Web Map Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS) Metadata for the relevant Spatial Services datasets complies with AS/NZS ISO 19115-2, ANZLIC Metadata Profile v1.1 and ISO 19139 Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM): Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data DCS Spatial Services Elevation Data Products Specification and Description (LiDAR) DCS Spatial Services Elevation Data Products Specification and Description (Airborne Photogrammetry)Distributors Service Delivery, DCS Spatial Services 346 Panorama Ave Bathurst NSW 2795Dataset Producers and Contributors Administrative Spatial Programs, DCS Spatial Services 346 Panorama Ave Bathurst NSW 2795

The LiDAR point cloud data and 1m Digital Elevation Model datasets cover about 250,000 hectares across 27 state forests in 7 regions (Eden, Batemans Bay, Bulahdelah, Wauchope, Coffs Harbour, Styx River and Casino) collected in 2022 and 2023.

Remotely sensed topographic (elevation) and bathymetric (depth) information were acquired for the NSW coast (Point Danger to Cape Howe) and southern Queensland (Palm Beach to Point Danger) using Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry (ALB - a combination of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Laser Airborne Depth Sounding (LADS) sensors) during July – December 2018. Data were acquired by Fugro Pty Ltd on behalf of NSW Office of Environment and Heritage using a Riegl VQ-820-G ALB (LiDAR) and Fugro LADS High-Definition sensors aboard sub-contracted Corporate Air Cessna C441 (VH-VEH). Funding was provided through the NSW Coastal Reforms package. The objective of the project was to provide high-resolution data better than 3-5 m spaced soundings (0.5 m spot spacing terrestrial; 3.4 m spot spacing marine) from the mean high-water mark to ~200m inland, and from the shore, seaward (LADS - bathymetry) to the point of laser extinction (~20-40m water depth depending on in-water conditions). Positioning data were collected on the ellipsoid ITRF 2014 GRS80 in UTM Z56 and post-processed using local base stations (CORSnet NSW) to provide a Post Processed Kinematic GNSS solution for final aircraft trajectory before being applied to all data. The final data Geotif products are provided on the Geosciences Australia ELVIS website .They are combined gridded terrestrial (elevation) and subtidal marine (bathymetry) data at 5 x 5 m (horizontal resolution) Geotifs exported using ESRI ArcMap from rasters (weighted average of clean soundings) in GDA 2020 (horizontal datum) to Australian Height Datum (vertical datum) and vertical precision to International Hydrographic Order (IHO) 1B. Data covers an area of 6862 km2 provided in 48 sub-datasets the extents of which are generally defined in their alongshore extent by the boundaries of NSW Secondary Sediment Compartments (Geosciences Australia). Other data outputs will include raw and classified LAS format files, aerial imagery and raw seabed reflectance data to be made available shortly on the ELVIS website. Data packages containing Arc Grids (topo-bathy, contours), XYZ, KMZ, tif, pdf maps and Fledermaus SD files will be made publicly available via the AODN (Australian Ocean Data network). Metadata, data quality statements and a geographical data coverage ArcGIS shapefile are available via SEED. The data are intended to inform coastal and marine management and should not be used for navigation without additional processing.

10 m resolution digital elevation model of the Harden-Young area produced for the GRDC-funded project Methods to predict plant available water capacity (PAWC) Lineage: The DEM was derived from 1 m resolution lidar data and 5 m resolution photographic data collected by NSW Spatial Services and accessed through elevation.fsdf.org.au

The point cloud data set consists of point clouds captured from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and derived from airborne imagery using photogrammetric techniques.

Data is provided for fourteen native forest plots in NSW measured in April 2021 during a pilot of potential field measurement methods for the state-wide forest plot network as part of the NSW Forest Monitoring and Improvement Program. Data includes tree height, diameter, canopy cover, species composition, coarse woody debris, fuel hazard, Biodiversity Assessment Method structure, as well as raw and processed data from terrestrial LiDAR scans.

Data supporting the research paper published in Plant Phenomics Journal: https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9842178

D. M. Deery, D. J. Smith, R. Davy, J. A. Jimenez-Berni, G. J. Rebetzke, and R. A. James, “Impact of varying light and dew on ground cover estimates from active ndvi, rgb, and lidar,” Plant Phenomics, vol. 2021, pp. 1–14, May 2021. doi: 10.34133/2021/9842178.

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 at the Managed Environment Facility (MEF), Yanco Agricultural Institute, Australia, on chromosol soil with a clay-loam texture. The experiment was sown on May 29th after a pea crop, managed with appropriate nutrition, and pest/disease control measures. It involved 192 plots (6 m long, 7 rows, 25 cm spacing, 200 seeds/m²) of 99 wheat genotypes varying in canopy traits. Genotypes were sown in a partial-replicate design with an average replication of 1.9.

Meteorological data were sourced from a nearby weather station, while solar radiation was measured 60 km away in Griffith, NSW. Phenotypic data were collected using Phenomobile Lite™, a portable terrestrial phenotyping platform equipped with LiDAR, an NDVI GreenSeeker® sensor, and a digital camera. Data were geocoded and collected during two events (August 1-2 and August 17-18, 2017), capturing hourly measurements from 12:00 to 18:00 and 07:00 to 12:00 across both days.

The collected data included LiDAR-derived canopy coverage (green cover, GC), NDVI values, and RGB images. LiDAR data were processed using a custom pipeline, geocoded, segmented into plots, and analyzed to extract GC. RGB images were analyzed for green pixel content, and NDVI data were averaged across plots. Lineage: Refer to materials and methods section of published research paper: https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9842178

Rocky reef polygons were delineated from bathymetry data for the NSW seabed. Bathymetry data was sourced from marine lidar data, multibeam echosounder data and aerial imagery. Reef polygons were extracted from the seabed landforms polygons for the statewide marine lidar and multibeam surveys for Wollongong and Shellharbour (See below for associated SEED records). For the remaining areas, reef polygons were sourced from the ‘NSW subtidal marine habitat layer’ on SEED which included reef polygons manually digitised from multibeam surveys acquired from 2005-2017.

Sources of reef polygons: https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/nsw-seabed-landforms-derived-from-marine-lidar-data-2022 https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/wollongong-seabed-landforms-derived-from-mbes-data-2022 https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/shellharbour-seabed-landforms-derived-from-mbes-data-2022 https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/nsw-marine-habitat-data

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LiDAR scans of disused underground tunnels, gun emplacements & associated buildings which are currently closed to the public due to hazardous condition.

Underground point cloud colourised by intensity (return strength of the laser beam). Captured by Leica P30 scanner.

The original point clouds have been filtered to 1 in 10 points to improve system performance.

Partial scan of the exterior of Port Kembla Marine Rescue Port Kembla - Port Kembla (marinerescuensw.com.au)

**** Content warning - the graffiti on tunnel walls & ceilings may contain offensive images and text ****

Metadata Portal Metadata Information

Data contains raw LiDAR from OEH

Digital Elevation data record the terrain height variations from the processed point- or line-located data recorded during a geophysical survey. This NSW Coonabarabran elevation laser grid is elevation data for the Coonabarabran Airborne Magnetic Radiometric and DEM Survey, NSW, 2017. This survey was acquired under the project No. 1290 for the geological survey of NSW. The grid has a cell size of 0.00045 degrees (approximately 47m). This grid contains the ground elevation relative to the geoid for the Coonabarabran Airborne Magnetic Radiometric and DEM Survey, NSW, 2017. It represents the vertical distance from a location on the Earth's surface to the geoid. The data are given in units of meters. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose.

Access APINSW Elevation and Depth Theme – Relative Heights Please Note WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94 This dataset has spatial reference [WGS 84 ≈ GDA94] which may result in misalignments when viewed in GDA2020 environments. A similar service with a ‘multiCRS’ suffix is available which can support GDA2020, GDA94 and WGS 84 ≈ GDA2020 environments. In due course, and allowing time for user feedback and testing, it is intended that the original service name will adopt the new multiCRS …Show full description Access APINSW Elevation and Depth Theme – Relative Heights Please Note WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94 This dataset has spatial reference [WGS 84 ≈ GDA94] which may result in misalignments when viewed in GDA2020 environments. A similar service with a ‘multiCRS’ suffix is available which can support GDA2020, GDA94 and WGS 84 ≈ GDA2020 environments. In due course, and allowing time for user feedback and testing, it is intended that the original service name will adopt the new multiCRS functionally. Relative Height is a point feature class representing relative heights of a vertical face of a cliff. Elevation and Depth provides an authoritative digital representation of the Earth’s surface enabling evidence based decision making, policy development and an essential reference to other foundation datasets. Elevation and Depth underpins:· safe hydrographic, aeronautical and road navigation · climate science, including climate change adaptation · emergency management and natural hazard risk assessment · environmental, including water management · definition of maritime and administrative boundaries · defence and national security · natural resource exploration and exploitation Data is as initially captured at 1:25 000, 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 scales from stereoscopic aerial photography. Metadata Type Esri Feature Service Update Frequency As required Contact Details Contact us via the Spatial Services Customer Hub Relationship to Themes and Datasets Elevation and Depth Theme of the Foundation Spatial Data Framework Accuracy Spatial Accuracy Horizontal: +/-1.25 @95% Confidence Interval Spatial Accuracy Vertical: +/-0.9 @95% Confidence Interval Calibration certification (Manufacturer/Cert. Company): DCS, Spatial Services. Spatial Reference System (dataset) Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94), Australian Height Datum (AHD) Spatial Reference System    (web service) EPSG 4326: WGS 84 Geographic 2D WGS 84 Equivalent To GDA94 Spatial Extent Full State Standards and Specifications AS/NZS ISO 19115 - ANZLIC Metadata Profile Version 1.1 AS/NZS ISO 19131:2008 Geographic Information - Data product specifications OGC compliant Web Map Services (WMS) and Web Feature Services (WFS) Metadata for the relevant Spatial Services datasets complies with AS/NZS ISO 19115-2, ANZLIC Metadata Profile v1.1 and ISO 19139 Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM): Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data DCS Spatial Services: Elevation Data Products Specification and Description (LiDAR) DCS Spatial Services: Elevation Data Products Specification and Description (Airborne Photogrammetry) Distributors Service Delivery, DCS Spatial Services 346 Panorama Ave Bathurst NSW 2795 Dataset Producers and Contributors Administrative Spatial Programs, DCS Spatial Services 346 Panorama Ave Bathurst NSW 2795

Data sets used in the research described in Wallace et al. (2017). Data includes:1. Sample Dry Weights: Dry weights (tonnes/ha) of near surface vegetation (< 25 cm in height) collected in four land cover types in Victoria, Australia. Ten circular 0.15m radius samples were randomly located within one 10 m radius plot for each landcover type. Samples were mulched and weighed. 100g subsamples were then extracted and dryed following NSW DPI (2004). The relative decrease in weight was then applied to the total sample given the final dry weight expressed. 2. Image based point clouds produce using 12 downward looking images collected with an Panasonic FMC-FZ100 camera over a small (0.15 m radius) samples. Images were processed in Agisoft Photoscan using the high accuracy setting for image matching and high quality setting for dense cloud reconstruction.3. TLS point clouds captured using a FARO Focus 3D x130 Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Four scans merged using ground control spheres and clipped to the area of each sample as described in the manuscript. ReferencesNSW DPI (2004) Silage note no. 7, measuring the dry matter content of forages. http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0007/229291/silage-note-7-measuring-the-dry-matter-content-of-forages.pdf

Comprehensive dataset of 6 Laser cutting services in NSW, Australia as of July, 2025. Includes verified contact information (email, phone), geocoded addresses, customer ratings, reviews, business categories, and operational details. Perfect for market research, lead generation, competitive analysis, and business intelligence. Download a complimentary sample to evaluate data quality and completeness.