Life expectancy at birth and at age 65, by sex, on a three-year average basis.

This table contains 2754 series, with data for years 2005/2007 - 2012/2014 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (153 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority, Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority, Newfoundland and Labrador; ...); Age group (2 items: At birth; At age 65); Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females); Characteristics (3 items: Life expectancy; Low 95% confidence interval, life expectancy; High 95% confidence interval, life expectancy).

This table contains 2394 series, with data for years 1991 - 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Population group (19 items: Entire cohort; Income adequacy quintile 1 (lowest);Income adequacy quintile 2;Income adequacy quintile 3 ...), Age (14 items: At 25 years; At 30 years; At 40 years; At 35 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Characteristics (3 items: Life expectancy; High 95% confidence interval; life expectancy; Low 95% confidence interval; life expectancy ...).

Life expectancy in Canada was just below forty in the year 1800, and over the course of the next 220 years, it is expected to have increased by more than double to 82.2 by the year 2020. Throughout this time, life expectancy in Canada progressed at a steady rate, with the most noticeable changes coming during the interwar period, where the rate of increase was affected by the Spanish Flu epidemic and both World Wars.

This table contains mortality indicators by sex for Canada and all provinces except Prince Edward Island. These indicators are derived from three-year complete life tables. Mortality indicators derived from single-year life tables are also available (table 13-10-0837). For Prince Edward Island, Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, mortality indicators derived from three-year abridged life tables are available (table 13-10-0140).

Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, there was an estimated 357,903 babies born in Canada. This is an increase from 327,107 births over the corresponding period in 2000-2001. Births in Canada In 2021, there were more male babies born than female babies, and overall births have been increasing since 2000. Out of all Canadian metropolitan areas Toronto, Ontario had the highest number of births in 2021. Thunder Bay, Ontario was the metropolitan area with the lowest number of births in the same year. Life expectancy in Canada Canada is known for being a country with a high standard of living, and with a high standard of living comes a high life expectancy. The life expectancy at birth in Canada stands at just under 82 years and has been increasing overall over the past decade. The highest life expectancy in the country was found in British Columbia, while the lowest life expectancy was found in Canada’s northernmost territory, Nunavut.

Canada is an aging society. In 2006, 13.7% of the total population of Canada was 65 years and over. This proportion was 9.7% only twenty five years ago in 1981. During the same period, the proportion of the population that was very old increased at a more rapid pace. For example, between 1981 and 2006 the proportion of the population that was 80 years and over rose from 1.7% to 3.7%. The number of people in this age group topped the 1 million mark (at 1.2 million) for the first time in 2006. In 2006, the population of Saskatchewan was the oldest in the country with 15.4% of the population 65 years and over. It also had the largest proportion of the oldest old, where one out of every 20 Saskatchewan residents was 80 years of age and over. The national average was one in 27. Saskatchewan's situation is unique, in that it has both the largest proportion of seniors and one of the largest proportions of children among the provinces. This is attributable to several factors: higher fertility compared to any other Canadian province due to a large Aboriginal population; a life expectancy that was, until quite recently, one of the highest in the country; and substantial losses of young adults migrating to Alberta to find employment. In general, Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland, and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) and British Columbia had an older age structure population (14-15% in the age group 65 and over) compared with the national average, once again a reflection of their lower fertility rates.

Canada is an aging society. In 2006, 13.7% of the total population of Canada was 65 years and over. This proportion was 9.7% only twenty five years ago in 1981. During the same period, the proportion of the population that was very old increased at a more rapid pace. For example, between 1981 and 2006 the proportion of the population that was 80 years and over rose from 1.7% to 3.7%. The number of people in this age group topped the 1 million mark (at 1.2 million) for the first time in 2006. In 2006, the population of Saskatchewan was the oldest in the country with 15.4% of the population 65 years and over. It also had the largest proportion of the oldest old, where one out of every 20 Saskatchewan residents was 80 years of age and over. The national average was one in 27. Saskatchewan's situation is unique, in that it has both the largest proportion of seniors and one of the largest proportions of children among the provinces. This is attributable to several factors: higher fertility compared to any other Canadian province due to a large Aboriginal population; a life expectancy that was, until quite recently, one of the highest in the country; and substantial losses of young adults migrating to Alberta to find employment. In general, Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland, and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) and British Columbia had an older age structure population (14-15% in the age group 65 and over) compared with the national average, once again a reflection of their lower fertility rates.

The population 65 to 74 years of age is in their "Golden Years". This is an age when many are no longer in paid employment and have a pension and investment income. To add to the income stability is continuing good health. A number of patterns are evident on this map. The clearest of these is the north to south increase in the proportion of those in the 65 to 74 years of age range. High fertility rates and relatively lower life expectancies in the north contribute to this distribution. A high proportion of this portion of the population can be clearly seen in the Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of British Columbia, the coastal area of Nova Scotia and even more distinctly in the Muskoka and Georgian Bay areas of Ontario. This pattern reflects the attraction of these areas for retirement homes.

Significant progress has been made globally in reducing GHG emissions from the operation of buildings, however, huge challenges still remain in mitigating the embodied emissions from the manufacturing, transportation, and disposing of building materials. This is particularly relevant in BC, where electricity is largely generated from renewable sources, indicating limited potential for further reducing GHG emissions from building operations. Therefore, investigating the options to reduce embodied GHG emissions in building materials presents another crucial opportunity to further mitigate the overall GHG emissions from buildings. For example, the City of Vancouver’s newly released Climate Emergency Action Plan has set an ambitious goal of reducing 40% embodied GHG emissions in new buildings compared to the 2018 benchmark. To support decision-making that could ultimately fulfill such an ambitious goal, it is imperative that a standard approach is used to derive benchmark buildings and the corresponding bill-of-materials (BoM). Accordingly, we compiled a BoM dataset of 35 typical buildings in Canada. The data was classified into “whole-building level” and “assembly-level”, and building materials were sorted by an aggregation system (see below) in both classifications. Whole-building-level BoM contains data for 33 buildings, including institutional buildings and residential houses at the University of British Columbia, container-based single-family housing, single-family residential building, precast concrete commercial buildings, etc. On the other hand, assembly-level BoM contains material data for different structural components of one multi-unit apartment and one typical newly-built single-family home in Vancouver. The aggregation system organizes the material data by three tiers - M1, M2, and M3, which offers 3 hierarchical levels of specificity. The first hierarchical level (M1) provides the least specified information while the final level (M3) provides the most detailed information. For example, Aluminum cold-rolled sheet (M3) is categorized within Aluminum (M2) under Metal (M1). This aggregation system offers the flexibility for LCA practitioners to obtain BoM information at the resolution that fits their scope of work.

This statistic shows the total number of births in Canada in 2023, distinguished by province. Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, 137,748 babies were born in Ontario. The life expectancy of babies born in 2021 in Canada was 82.6 years.

Sources of income by census family type (x 1,000) c (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)Frequency: AnnualTable: 11-10-0014-01 (formerly CANSIM 111-0014)Release date: 2024-06-27Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration partSymbol legend: .. not available for a specific reference periodTable Corrections: Note On August 11, 2021, a correction was made to the values associated with the total income and the other income concepts for 2019.Footnotes: 1 The data source for this table is the final version of the T1 Family File, created by the Centre for Income and Socio-Economic Well-being Statistics of Statistics Canada. Because they are based on a different methodology, estimates of the number of individuals and census families presented in this table differ from estimates produced by the Centre for Demography. Information on the data source, the historical availability, definitions of the terms used, and the geographies available can be found at Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 2 Families are comprised of: 1) couples (married or common-law, including same-sex couples) living in the same dwelling with or without children, and 2) single parents (male or female) living with one or more children. Persons who are not matched to a family become persons not in census families. They may be living alone, with a family to whom they are related, with a family to whom they are unrelated or with other persons not in census families. Beginning in 2001, same-sex couples reporting as couples are counted as couple families. 3 A couple family consists of a couple living together (married or common-law, including same-sex couples) living at the same address with or without children. Beginning in 2001, same-sex couples reporting as couples are counted as couple families. 4 A lone-parent family is a family with only one parent, male or female, and with at least one child. 5 A person not in census families is an individual who is not part of a census family, couple family or lone-parent family. Persons not in census families may live with their married children or with their children who have children of their own. They may be living with a family to whom they are related or unrelated. They may also be living alone or with other non-family persons. 6 The Census Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) is used for data dissemination of the census metropolitan areas and the census agglomerations: from 1997 to 2001, SGC 1996; from 2002 to 2006, SGC 2001; from 2007 to 2011, SGC 2006; from 2012 to 2016, SGC 2011; from 2016 to 2020, SGC 2016; as of 2021, SGC 2021. Please note that census agglomerations were introduced in this CANSIM table in 2008. 7 Family income is the sum of the incomes of all members of the family. As of 2020, COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits are included in income estimates. A detailed definition of what is included in total income is available from the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 8 As of 2020, COVID benefits are included in income estimates. For more information, consult the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 9 Total income is income from all sources. As of 2020, COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits are included in income estimates. A detailed definition of what is included in total income is available from the Technical Reference Guide for the Preliminary Estimates from the T1 Family File (T1FF) - opens in a new browser window." 10 Employment income includes wages and salaries, commissions from employment, training allowances, tips and gratuities, and net self-employment income (business, professional, commission, farming and fishing income). 11 This includes dividend income reported on line 12000 of the tax return and/or interest and other investment income reported on line 12100. Dividend income consists of dividends from taxable Canadian corporations (as stocks or mutual funds). Interest and other investment income includes interest from Canada Savings bonds, bank accounts, treasury bills, investment certificates, term deposits, earnings on life insurance policies, and foreign interest and dividend income. 12 Government transfer payments are payments to individuals by the federal or provincial governments. They include: Employment Insurance (EI) benefits, Goods and Services Tax Credit (GST) and Harmonized Tax Credit (HST), Federal Child Benefits, Old Age Security (OAS) and Net Federal Supplements, Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) benefits, Workers' Compensation Benefits, Social Assistance Benefits, Provincial Refundable Tax Credits and Family Benefits, and Other Government Transfers. Definitions of the transfer payments are available from the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 13 The Old Age Security (OAS) pension is part of the OAS program, a federal government program that guarantees a degree of financial security to seniors. All persons in Canada aged 65 years and over, who are Canadian citizens or legal residents, may qualify for a full OAS pension, depending on their years of residence in Canada after reaching the age of 18. OAS benefits include all benefits reported for the reference year, excluding Guaranteed Income Supplements (GIS) and Spousal Allowance benefits (SPA). Starting with 1994 data, OAS income of non-filing spouses was estimated and included in the tables. 14 The net federal supplements are part of the Old Age Security (OAS) pension program, intended to supplement the income of pensioners and spouses with lower income. Payments take the form of a Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) or a Spouse's Allowance (SPA). 15 The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) benefits are compulsory contributory social insurance plans that protect workers and their families against loss of income due to retirement, disability or death. CPP and QPP benefits include all benefits reported for the reference year. 16 In 2020, COVID benefits are included in income estimates. For more information, consult the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 17 In 2021, COVID benefits are included in income estimates. For more information, consult the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 18 As of 2018, changes in how some provincial refundable tax credits aimed at seniors are tabulated could affect statistics for provincial refundable tax credits in New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. These changes also apply to British Columbia as of 2021. For more details consult the glossary section of the Technical Reference Guide for the Annual Income Estimates for Census Families Individuals and Seniors - opens in a new browser window." 19 Other government transfers includes the Working Income Tax Benefit from 2010 to 2018, the Children’s Fitness Tax Credit for 2015 and 2016, the Eligible Educator School Supply Tax Credit as of 2016, the Refundable Medical Expense Supplement as of 2018, the Climate Action Incentive (for select provinces) as of 2018, Canada Workers Benefit (which replaced the Working Income Tax Benefit) as of 2019, Canada training credit as of 2020, Canadian journalism labour tax credit as of 2020, COVID benefits as of 2020 and other refundable credits as of 2021. 20 Private pensions include pension benefits other than Old Age Security (OAS), Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) benefits. 21 RRSP income is money withdrawn from a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP), either as a lump sum or as a periodic payment. Only RRSP income of persons aged 65 years or older is included. 22 Other income includes taxable income not reported elsewhere, such as net rental income, support payments, retiring allowances and scholarships.

The population 65 to 74 years of age is in their "Golden Years". This is an age when many are no longer in paid employment and have a pension and investment income. To add to the income stability is continuing good health. A number of patterns are evident on this map. The clearest of these is the north to south increase in the proportion of those in the 65 to 74 years of age range. High fertility rates and relatively lower life expectancies in the north contribute to this distribution. A high proportion of this portion of the population can be clearly seen in the Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of British Columbia, the coastal area of Nova Scotia and even more distinctly in the Muskoka and Georgian Bay areas of Ontario. This pattern reflects the attraction of these areas for retirement homes.

Health characteristics, two-year period estimates, census metropolitan areas and population centres (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)Frequency: OccasionalTable: 13-10-0805-01 (formerly CANSIM 105-0593)Release date: 2022-04-19Geography: Canada, Province or territory, , Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFootnotes: 1 Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS).2 All estimates in this table are calculated excluding non-response categories (refusal"3 Data for the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) are collected yearly from a sample of approximately 65,000 respondents. The table 13-10-0805-01 presents estimates from two-year combined data and features breakdown by all census metropolitan areas (CMA), population centre (POPCTR) and rural areas.4 A census metropolitan area (CMA) is an area consisting of one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core. A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more must live in the core. Beginning in 2013/2014, the CMAs are defined by the 2011 Census.5 A population centre (POPCTR) has a population of at least 1,000 and a population density of 400 persons or more per square kilometre, based on population counts from the 2011 Census of Population. Population centres are classified into three groups, depending on the size of their population: small population centres, with a population between 1,000 and 29,999; medium population centres, with a population between 30,000 and 99,999; large urban population centres, with a population of 100,000 or more. The rural area of Canada is the area that remains after the delineation of population centres using 2011 census population data. Included in rural areas are: small towns, villages and other populated places with less than 1,000 population; rural areas of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations that may contain estate lots, as well as agricultural, undevelopped an non-developable lands; agricultural lands; remote and wilderness areas.6 In the north, the frame for the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) covers 92% of the targeted population in the Yukon, 96% in the Northwest Territories and 92% in Nunavut. In Nunavut, starting in 2013, the coverage was expanded to represent 92% of the targeted population. Before 2013, the coverage was 71% since the survey covered only the 10 largest communities.7 Due to changes in content and methodology, this table now replaces table 13-10-0464-01, which will now only be made available for historical revisions. As a result of the changes, users should use caution when comparing data in this table with the data in 13-10-0464-01.8 As a result of the 2015 redesign, Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) has a new collection strategy, a new sample design, and has undergone major content revisions. With all these factors taken together, caution should be taken when comparing data from previous cycles to data released for the 2015 cycle onwards.9 The COVID-19 pandemic had major impacts on the data collection operations for Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2020. The collection was stopped mid-March, towards the end of the first collection period, and did not resume until September. The second, third and fourth quarterly samples were collected during very short collection periods, each of about five weeks, from September to December. The impossibility of conducting in-person interviews, the shorter collection periods and collection capacity issues resulted in a significant decrease in the response rates. As for previous CCHS cycles, survey weights were adjusted to minimise any potential bias that could arise from survey non-response; non-response adjustments and calibration using available auxiliary information were applied and are reflected in the survey weights provided with the data file. Extensive validations of survey estimates were also performed and examined from a bias analysis perspective. Despite these rigorous adjustments and validations, the high non-response increases the risk of a remaining bias and the magnitude with which such a bias could impact estimates produced using the survey data. Therefore, users are advised to use the CCHS 2020 data with caution, especially when creating estimates for small sub-populations or when comparing to other CCHS years.10 The content on material experiences was collected in New Brunswick, British Columbia and Nunavut for 2019/2020. This indicator is not available for the provinces or territories or Canada level for the 2019/2020 period.11 The confidence interval illustrates the degree of variability associated with a rate. Wide confidence intervals indicate high variability, thus, these rates should be interpreted with due caution. When comparing estimates, it is important to use confidence intervals to determine if differences between values are statistically significant.12 Bootstrapping techniques were used to produce the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).13 Data with a coefficient of variation (CV) from 15.1% to 35.0% are identified as follows: (E) use with caution.14 Data with a coefficient of variation (CV) greater than 35.0% or that did not meet the minimum sample size requirement were suppressed and are identified as follows: (F) too unreliable to be published.15 The following standard symbols are used in this Statistics Canada table: (..) for figures not available for a specific reference period and (...) for figures not applicable.16 Percentages are rounded to the nearest tenth. Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred.17 Census population counts have been used to produce the population projection counts. These counts are used to ensure that the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) weights and resulting estimates included in this table are consistent with known population totals.18 Population aged 12 and over who reported perceiving their own health status as being either excellent or very good or fair or poor, depending on the indicator. Perceived health refers to the perception of a person's health in general, either by the person himself or herself, or, in the case of proxy response, by the person responding. Health means not only the absence of disease or injury but also physical, mental and social well-being.19 Population aged 12 and over who reported perceiving their own mental health status as being excellent or very good or fair or poor, depending on the indicator. Perceived mental health refers to the perception of a person's mental health in general. Perceived mental health provides a general indication of the population suffering from some form of mental disorder, mental or emotional problems, or distress, not necessarily reflected in perceived health.20 Population aged 12 and over who reported perceiving that most days in their life were quite a bit or extremely stressful. Perceived life stress refers to the amount of stress in the person's life, on most days, as perceived by the person or, in the case of proxy response, by the person responding.21 Body mass index (BMI) is a method of classifying body weight according to health risk. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Canada guidelines, health risk levels are associated with each of the following BMI categories: normal weight = least health risk; underweight and overweight = increased health risk; obese, class I = high health risk; obese, class II = very high health risk; obese, class III = extremely high health risk.22 Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by dividing the respondent's body weight (in kilograms) by their height (in metres) squared.23 Body mass index (BMI) is calculated for the population aged 12 and over, excluding pregnant females and persons less than 3 feet (0.914 metres) tall or greater than 6 feet 11 inches (2.108 metres).24 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Canada guidelines, the index for body weight classification for the population aged 18 and older is: less than 18.50 (underweight); 18.50 to 24.99 (normal weight); 25.00 to 29.99 (overweight); 30.00 to 34.99 (obese, class I); 35.00 to 39.99 (obese, class II); 40.00 or greater (obese, class III). The population aged 12 to 17 is classified as severely obese"25 A systematic review of the literature concluded that the use of self-reported data among adults underestimates weight and overestimates height, resulting in lower estimates of obesity than those obtained from measured data. Using data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) subsample, where both measured and self-reported height and weight were collected, BMI correction equations have been developed. This table presents obesity estimates adjusted using these equations.26 The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) - Annual, the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the 2015 CCHS - Nutrition, all collect height and weight data and derive obesity rates based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Users should take note of the data collection method, the target population and the classification system used by each survey in order to select the appropriate data set.27 Population aged 15 and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having arthritis. Arthritis includes osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but excludes fibromyalgia.28 Population aged 12 and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, including females 15 and over who reported that they have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes.29 Population aged 12 and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having asthma.30 Population aged 35 and over who reported being diagnosed by a health professional with chronic bronchitis, emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).31 The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) - Annual both collect data