This dataset provides estimates of life expectancy at birth and at 65 years of age and 95% uncertainty interval estimates by location, male, female and both sexes combined, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2016. This age-specific mortality dataset is used to enable health systems to target interventions for the older adult populations.

In India, life expectancy at the time of birth increased by 22 years between 1970 and 2019. This statistic shows the increase of the average life expectancy at birth in selected countries between 1970 and 2019.

Over the past 160 years, life expectancy (from birth) in the United States has risen from 39.4 years in 1860, to 78.9 years in 2020. One of the major reasons for the overall increase of life expectancy in the last two centuries is the fact that the infant and child mortality rates have decreased by so much during this time. Medical advancements, fewer wars and improved living standards also mean that people are living longer than they did in previous centuries.

Despite this overall increase, the life expectancy dropped three times since 1860; from 1865 to 1870 during the American Civil War, from 1915 to 1920 during the First World War and following Spanish Flu epidemic, and it has dropped again between 2015 and now. The reason for the most recent drop in life expectancy is not a result of any specific event, but has been attributed to negative societal trends, such as unbalanced diets and sedentary lifestyles, high medical costs, and increasing rates of suicide and drug use.

In 1970, women born in the U.S. could expect to live for 1.3 years more than women in the Soviet Union, and men in the U.S. could expect to live for 2.7 years longer than their Soviet counterparts. U.S. figures would steadily increase over the following decade, whereas the economic decline of the Soviet Union would see life expectancy fall by two years for men and 0.8 years for women. In 1980, the difference in life expectancy from birth between the two countries was 7.5 years for men, and 4.8 years for women. This difference has largely been attributed to an increase in alcohol and substance abuse and accidental deaths among males in the Soviet Union, as well as more accurate reporting methods in the Soviet Union (suggesting that early figures may no be fully representational). Although Soviet life expectancy did increase in the 1980s, the gap between life expectancy there and in the U.S. remained significantly larger than in 1970, and this trend continued well into the 1990s and early-2000s as the post-Soviet states adjusted to the socio-economic impact of the Union's dissolution.

In 1970, life expectancy at birth in the Soviet Union and United States was fairly similar, at 69.3 and 70.8 years respectively; a difference of 1.5 years. As the decades progressed, however, this difference widened. While improvements in the recording of such statistics in the Soviet Union gave a more reliable picture of life expectancy across the region, especially in Central Asia and rural areas, the largest influence was due to the side-effects of deteriorating economic conditions. As lifestyles and medical care in the U.S. steadily improved, the decline in life expectancy the USSR was largely due to preventable causes, particularly alcoholism and accidental deaths among the male population. By 1985, life expectancy in the U.S. was 6.3 years higher than in the Soviet Union.

When looking at each gender, life expectancy among women in the U.S. in 1985 was seven years higher than men, whereas there was a difference of almost 10 years in the USSR. Women in the U.S. could also expect to live for five years longer than their Soviet counterparts in this year, while life expectancy among men in the U.S. was eight years higher than in the USSR. Overall, the gap between the two countries narrowed in the late 1980s as the Soviet Union's existence came to an end, however, this gap then grew even larger throughout most of the 1990s and early-2000s, and the post-Soviet states continue to deal with the social and economic legacy of Soviet dissolution on their respective demographics thirty years later.

In 2023, the average life expectancy at birth in South Korea was 83.5 years. This represents an increase compared to the previous year. Life expectancy has increased steadily since 2008, when it was 80.2 years. Overall, women show higher life expectancies than men, a difference of around six years.

China life expectancy for 2025 is 77.81, a 0.22% increase from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China life expectancy for 2024 was <strong>77.64</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>China life expectancy for 2023 was <strong>77.47</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>China life expectancy for 2022 was <strong>77.30</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Jalisco data was reported at 75.330 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 75.205 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Jalisco data is updated yearly, averaging 72.765 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75.955 Year in 2006 and a record low of 60.835 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Jalisco data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Nuevo Leon data was reported at 78.890 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.780 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Nuevo Leon data is updated yearly, averaging 75.870 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.030 Year in 2012 and a record low of 63.770 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Nuevo Leon data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

Life Expectancy at Birth: Mexico City data was reported at 76.325 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 76.220 Year for 2017. Life Expectancy at Birth: Mexico City data is updated yearly, averaging 72.400 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 76.385 Year in 2013 and a record low of 62.130 Year in 1970. Life Expectancy at Birth: Mexico City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Baja California data was reported at 78.960 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.850 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Baja California data is updated yearly, averaging 75.920 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.170 Year in 2012 and a record low of 64.390 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Female: Baja California data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

In 2023, men aged 65 in South Korea were expected to live an average of about ** more years, while women aged 65 were expected to live around ** more years on average. The life expectancy of the elderly population has gradually increased since the *****.

Poland life expectancy for 2025 is 79.60, a 0.21% increase from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Poland life expectancy for 2024 was <strong>79.43</strong>, a <strong>0.21% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Poland life expectancy for 2023 was <strong>79.27</strong>, a <strong>0.2% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Poland life expectancy for 2022 was <strong>79.11</strong>, a <strong>0.21% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

This table contains 2394 series, with data for years 1991 - 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Population group (19 items: Entire cohort; Income adequacy quintile 1 (lowest);Income adequacy quintile 2;Income adequacy quintile 3 ...), Age (14 items: At 25 years; At 30 years; At 40 years; At 35 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Characteristics (3 items: Life expectancy; High 95% confidence interval; life expectancy; Low 95% confidence interval; life expectancy ...).

Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap be...

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Jalisco data was reported at 72.260 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 72.140 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Jalisco data is updated yearly, averaging 70.140 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.120 Year in 2006 and a record low of 58.450 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Jalisco data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

Slovakia: Life expectancy, in years: The latest value from 2022 is 77.07 years, an increase from 74.61 years in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 72.24 years, based on data from 192 countries. Historically, the average for Slovakia from 1960 to 2022 is 72.55 years. The minimum value, 69.71 years, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 77.67 years was recorded in 2019.

Spain life expectancy for 2025 is 84.25, a 0.15% increase from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Spain life expectancy for 2024 was <strong>84.12</strong>, a <strong>0.28% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Spain life expectancy for 2023 was <strong>83.88</strong>, a <strong>0.9% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Spain life expectancy for 2022 was <strong>83.13</strong>, a <strong>0.05% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Queretaro de Arteaga data was reported at 72.530 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 72.400 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Queretaro de Arteaga data is updated yearly, averaging 70.430 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.230 Year in 2006 and a record low of 58.430 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Queretaro de Arteaga data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

Further information about the BCS70 and may be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies website. As well as BCS70, the CLS now also conducts the NCDS series.

1970 British Cohort Study: Age 10, Sweep 3 Special Needs Survey, 1980

One particular concern on the educational side of the BCS70 Sweep 3 (see SN 3723), when respondents were aged 10 years, was to gather information on educational attainment on children who were unlikely to be able to complete the educational attainment tests administered at ten years. Teachers were given the option of electing to ask for a Special Educational Pack with easier tests for any child for whom they considered the standard testing too hard. The other criteria for selecting children for the receipt of Special Educational Packs included children who had completed the ordinary pack but had scored in the bottom 5 per cent on the Edinburgh Reading Test and/or the Friendly Maths Test. All children receiving Special Educational Treatment (SET) were also sent a Special Educational Pack. Each Special Educational Pack contained the standard educational test material which teachers were asked to try with the child in order to know where the child fitted within the lower end of the distributions of the standard pack test scores.

Survey instrumentation for Sweep 3 was distributed through education and health authorities. The Special Needs Tests were included in the materials distributed through Local Education Authorities and, where parental consent was obtained, administered to cohort members in school with the assistance of teachers.

For the second edition (June 2016) a small number of primary identifiers (BCSID) have been changed to realign them to previous sweeps of data. See the documentation for full details of the work done.