This dataset provides information about the position, position accuracy, mark name, mark type, condition and unique four letter code for geodetic marks in terms of a New Zealand's official geodetic datum.

The dataset only contains marks that are within the New Zealand mainland and offshore islands. These positions have been generated using geodetic observations such as precise differential GPS or electronic distance and theodolite angles measurements. The positions are either 2D or 3D depending of the availability of this measurement data.

The source data is from Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand's (LINZ) Landonline system where it is used by Land Surveyors. This dataset is updated daily to reflect changes made in the Landonline.

Accuracy

Geodetic marks with a coordinate order of 5 or less have been positioned in terms of NZGD2000. Lower order marks (order 6 and greater) are derived from cadastral surveys, lower accuracy measurement techniques or inaccurate historical datum transformations, and may be significantly less accurate.

The accuracy of NZGD2000 coordinates is described by a series of 'orders' classifications. Positions in terms of NZGD2000 are described by three-dimensional coordinates (latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height). The accuracy of a survey mark is indicated by its Order. Orders are classifications based on the quality of the coordinate in relation to the datum and in relation to other surrounding marks. For more information see

Note that the accuracy applies at the time the mark was last surveyed. Refer to the web geodetic database for historical information about mark coordinates.

Note also that the existence of a mark in this dataset does not imply that there is currently a physical mark in the ground - the dataset includes destroyed or lost historical marks. The geodetic database provides more information on the mark status, valid at last time it was visited by LINZ or a maintenance contractor.

ps-places-metadata-v1.01

SUMMARY

This dataset comprises a pair of layers, (points and polys) which attempt to better locate "populated places" in NZ. Populated places are defined here as settled areas, either urban or rural where densitys of around 20 persons per hectare exist, and something is able to be seen from the air.

RATIONALE

The only liberally licensed placename dataset is currently LINZ geographic placenames, which has the following drawbacks: - coordinates are not place centers but left most label on 260 series map - the attributes are outdated

METHODOLOGY

This dataset necessarily involves cleaving the linz placenames set into two, those places that are poplulated, and those unpopulated. Work was carried out in four steps. First placenames were shortlisted according to the following criterion: - all places that rated at least POPL in the linz geographic places layer, ie POPL, METR or TOWN or USAT were adopted. - Then many additional points were added from a statnz meshblock density analysis.
- Finally remaining points were added from a check against linz residential polys, and zenbu poi clusters.

Spelling is broadly as per linz placenames, but there are differences for no particular reason. Instances of LINZ all upper case have been converted to sentance case. Some places not presently in the linz dataset are included in this set, usually new places, or those otherwise unnamed. They appear with no linz id, and are not authoritative, in some cases just wild guesses.

Density was derived from the 06 meshblock boundarys (level 2, geometry fixed), multipart conversion, merging in 06 usually resident MB population then using the formula pop/area*10000. An initial urban/rural threshold level of 0.6 persons per hectare was used.

Step two was to trace the approx extent of each populated place. The main purpose of this step was to determine the relative area of each place, and to create an intersection with meshblocks for population. Step 3 involved determining the political center of each place, broadly defined as the commercial center.

Tracing was carried out at 1:9000 for small places, and 1:18000 for large places using either bing or google satellite views. No attempt was made to relate to actual town 'boundarys'. For example large parks or raceways on the urban fringe were not generally included. Outlying industrial areas were included somewhat erratically depending on their connection to urban areas.

Step 3 involved determining the centers of each place. Points were overlaid over the following layers by way of a base reference:

a. original linz placenames b. OSM nz-locations points layer c. zenbu pois, latest set as of 5/4/11 d. zenbu AllSuburbsRegions dataset (a heavily hand modified) LINZ BDE extract derived dataset courtesy Zenbu. e. LINZ road-centerlines, sealed and highway f. LINZ residential areas, g. LINZ building-locations and building footprints h. Olivier and Co nz-urban-north and south

Therefore in practice, sources c and e, form the effective basis of the point coordinates in this dataset. Be aware that e, f and g are referenced to the LINZ topo data, while c and d are likely referenced to whatever roading dataset google possesses. As such minor discrepencys may occur when moving from one to the other.

Regardless of the above, this place centers dataset was created using the following criteria, in order of priority:

• attempts to represent the present (2011) subjective 'center' of each place as defined by its commercial/retail center ie. mainstreets where they exist, any kind of central retail cluster, even a single shop in very small places.
• the coordinate is almost always at the junction of two or more roads.
• most of the time the coordinate is at or near the centroid of the poi cluster
• failing any significant retail presence, the coordinate tends to be placed near the main road junction to the community.
• when the above criteria fail to yield a definitive answer, the final criteria involves the centroids of: . the urban polygons . the clusters of building footprints/locations.

To be clear the coordinates are manually produced by eye without any kind of computation. As such the points are placed approximately perhaps plus or minus 10m, but given that the roads layers are not that flash, no attempt was made to actually snap the coordinates to the road junctions themselves.

The final step involved merging in population from SNZ meshblocks (merge+sum by location) of popl polys). Be aware that due to the inconsistent way that meshblocks are defined this will result in inaccurate populations, particular small places will collect population from their surrounding area. In any case the population will generally always overestimate by including meshblocks that just nicked the place poly. Also there are a couple of dozen cases of overlapping meshblocks between two place polys and these will double count. Which i have so far made no attempt to fix.

Merged in also tla and regions from SNZ shapes, a few of the original linz atrributes, and lastly grading the size of urban areas according to SNZ 'urban areas" criteria. Ie: class codes:

1. Not used.
2. main urban area 30K+
3. secondary urban area 10k-30K
4. minor urban area 1k-10k
5. rural center 300-1K
6. village -300

Note that while this terminology is shared with SNZ the actual places differ owing to different decisions being made about where one area ends an another starts, and what constiutes a suburb or satellite. I expect some discussion around this issue. For example i have included tinwald and washdyke as part of ashburton and timaru, but not richmond or waikawa as part of nelson and picton. Im open to discussion on these.

No attempt has or will likely ever be made to locate the entire LOC and SBRB data subsets. We will just have to wait for NZFS to release what is thought to be an authoritative set.

PROJECTION

Shapefiles are all nztm. Orig data from SNZ and LINZ was all sourced in nztm, via koordinates, or SNZ. Satellite tracings were in spherical mercator/wgs84 and converted to nztm by Qgis. Zenbu POIS were also similarly converted.

ATTRIBUTES

Shapefile: Points id : integer unique to dataset name : name of popl place, string class : urban area size as above. integer tcode : SNZ tla code, integer rcode : SNZ region code, 1-16, integer area : area of poly place features, integer in square meters. pop : 2006 usually resident popluation, being the sum of meshblocks that intersect the place poly features. Integer lid : linz geog places id desc_code : linz geog places place type code

Shapefile: Polygons gid : integer unique to dataset, shared by points and polys name : name of popl place, string, where spelling conflicts occur points wins area : place poly area, m2 Integer

LICENSE

Clarification about the minorly derived nature of LINZ and google data needs to be sought. But pending these copyright complications, the actual points data is essentially an original work, released as public domain. I retain no copyright, nor any responsibility for data accuracy, either as is, or regardless of any changes that are subsequently made to it.

Peter Scott 16/6/2011

v1.01 minor spelling and grammar edits 17/6/11

Geographic name holds the proper noun of certain objects within the Topo databases. Geographic_name does not apply to roads, railway lines, or descriptive text - eg 'Brunner Mine' would be a Geographic_name but 'mine disused' is held in the descriptive_text feature

Data Dictionary for geographic_name: https://docs.topo.linz.govt.nz/data-dictionary/tdd-class-geographic_name.html

This layer is a component of the Topo250 map series. The Topo250 map series provides topographic mapping for the New Zealand mainland and Chatham Islands, at 1:250,000 scale.

Further information on Topo250: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo250

This layer only contains those place names that have a line geometry captured for them. For the complete list of place names see NZ Place Names.

The Place Names Gazetteer contains official and unofficial place names under the jurisdiction of the New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa (NZGB). Official place names are those that have been assigned, altered, adopted, approved, and validated under the NZGB Act 2008 or through other statutes that assign official names, for example, Treaty settlement legislation. Unofficial place names are those that have not been processed under the NZGB Act 2008 or through other relevant statutes.

Data is extracted from Land Information New Zealand’s (LINZ) ‘New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names’, which is maintained by the NZGB Secretariat.

Geographical coverage encompasses New Zealand, the Ross Dependency of Antarctica, and the Continental Shelf of New Zealand.

The NZGB has naming jurisdiction over:

• natural features such as mountains, peaks, valleys, glens, forests, lagoons, swamps, creeks, streams, rivers, fords, lakes, glaciers or ice features, bays, islands or harbours (including man-made features of the same type)

• railways or railway stations, but not railway features such as marshalling yards, transfer sites, or track point locations

• places, i.e. cities, towns, villages, sites, areas, or similar places, including suburbs and localities

• undersea features

• Crown protected areas

• Districts and regions (altering only if requested by the local authority)

Each geographic feature has one or more place names associated with it. Place names usually comprise two components – ‘specific’, being for the proper noun, and ‘generic’, being a description of the geographic feature type.

Information provided for each place name may include: name; name status (whether official or unofficial); geographic feature type; authority by which an official name became official; district within which the name is located; geographic location; reference information; history/origin/meaning; and additional notes. Not all information is available for all names.

Positional accuracy is generally the same as 1:50K mapping. Information accuracy reflects information at the time of original capture.

A city map has been stored for the entire city area of Linz (data update: 07/2016): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, road names, water labels and house numbers The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — Reference system of GPS data No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI. Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

A city map has been stored for the entire urban area of Linz (data actuality: 01/2012): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm

Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, street designations, water inscriptions and house numbers

The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — GPS data reference system

No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data forms (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI.

Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

The Place Names Gazetteer contains official and unofficial place names under the jurisdiction of the New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa (NZGB). Official place names are those that have been assigned, altered, adopted, approved, and validated under the NZGB Act 2008 or through other statutes that assign official names, for example, Treaty settlement legislation. Unofficial place names are those that have not been processed under the NZGB Act 2008 or through other relevant statutes.

Data is extracted from Land Information New Zealand’s (LINZ) ‘New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names’, which is maintained by the NZGB Secretariat.

Geographical coverage encompasses New Zealand, the Ross Dependency of Antarctica, and the Continental Shelf of New Zealand.

The NZGB has naming jurisdiction over:

• natural features such as mountains, peaks, valleys, glens, forests, lagoons, swamps, creeks, streams, rivers, fords, lakes, glaciers or ice features, bays, islands or harbours (including man-made features of the same type)

• railways or railway stations, but not railway features such as marshalling yards, transfer sites, or track point locations

• places, i.e. cities, towns, villages, sites, areas, or similar places, including suburbs and localities

• undersea features

• Crown protected areas

• Districts and regions (altering only if requested by the local authority)

Each name is provided with a location represented by a point. More complex geometry (e.g lines for rivers or areas for suburbs) is not currently available.

Each geographic feature has one or more place names associated with it. Place names usually comprise two components – ‘specific’, being for the proper noun, and ‘generic’, being a description of the geographic feature type.

Information provided for each place name may include: name; name status (whether official or unofficial); geographic feature type; authority by which an official name became official; district within which the name is located; geographic location; reference information; history/origin/meaning; and additional notes. Not all information is available for all names.

Positional accuracy is generally the same as 1:50K mapping. Information accuracy reflects information at the time of original capture.

APIs and web services

This dataset is available via ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS REST services, as well as our standard APIs.

LDS APIs and OGC web services ArcGIS Online map services

Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.

This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ, clipped to the coastline. This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries. This clipped version contains 2,311 SA2 areas.

SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.

The SA2 should:

form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,

excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,

capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,

be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:

• a shared road network,
• shared community facilities,
• shared historical or social links, or
• socio-economic similarity,

form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:

• be built from SA1s,
• either define or aggregate to define SA3s, urban areas, territorial authorities, and regional councils.

SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.

In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.

SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.

In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.

To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.

Zero or nominal population SA2s

To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:

• SA2s where territorial authority boundaries straddle regional council boundaries. These SA2s each have fewer than 200 residents and are: Arahiwi, Tiroa, Rangataiki, Kaimanawa, Taharua, Te More, Ngamatea, Whangamomona, and Mara.
• SA2s created for single islands or groups of islands that are some distance from the mainland or to separate large unpopulated islands from urban areas
• SA2s that represent inland water, inlets or oceanic areas including: inland lakes larger than 50 square kilometres, harbours larger than 40 square kilometres, major ports, other non-contiguous inlets and harbours defined by territorial authority, and contiguous oceanic areas defined by regional council.
• SA2s for non-digitised oceanic areas, offshore oil rigs, islands, and the Ross Dependency. Each SA2 is represented by a single meshblock. The following 16 SA2s are held in non-digitised form (SA2 code; SA2 name):

400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.

SA2 numbering and naming

Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).

SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.

​

Clipped Version

This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries.

​

High-definition version

This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.

​

Macrons

Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.

​

Digital data

Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.

Further information

To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā

For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.

Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz

LINZ Data Service (LDS) Item Page - https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/103631-nz-river-name-polygons-pilot/This dataset provides river name polygons for mainland New Zealand. It is part of a pilot to understand the benefit of combining river names and location, and making these openly available through the LINZ Data Service.Unnamed rivers are also included in this dataset.How this data can be usedTogether with the NZ River Name Lines (Pilot) dataset, these are the first openly available datasets with NZ river names attributed to geometry features (lines and polygons). This data can be used for searching for a named river and zooming to its extents, extracting geometries of a named river, creating digital cartographic products displaying river names, and analysing other features against named rivers (e.g. identifying buildings or properties within a specified distance of a particular river).We want your feedbackTo provide feedback on these pilot datasets, please complete our short survey.Your feedback will be used to help inform future enhancements to LINZ river datasets.Data vintageThe river names and extents in this dataset are based on the cartographic text shown on NZ Topo50 maps as of December 2018, and are an approximation and should not be taken as official. Further details are included in the 'Naming Extents Methodology' section in the 'Lineage' of this metadata.Please refer to the NZ River Name Lines and Polygons (Pilot) Data Dictionary for detailed metadata and information about this dataset.Related dataNZ River Name Lines (Pilot) - contains smaller rivers captured as line features instead of polygons.We recommend using the two river name datasets with the following NZ Topo50 layers for connectivity and visualisation of inland hydrographic features.NZ Coastlines (Topo, 1:50k)NZ Island Polygons (Topo, 1:50k)NZ Lagoon Polygons (Topo, 1:50k)NZ Lake Polygons (Topo, 1:50k)NZ Pond Polygons (Topo, 1:50k)NZ Swamp Polygons (Topo, 1:50k)The NZ River Name Lines and Polygons (Pilot) Data Dictionary provides details on how to download the matching time period snapshots of this data.Please note:Official geographic names as listed in the New Zealand Gazetteer of place names must be used in all official documents as per the New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa) Act 2008.This pilot dataset is unlikely to be updated, however feedback will be used for future enhancements to LINZ river datasets.If you have any questions, please contact us at maps@linz.govt.nzPlease note: This layer is updated (if updates are available) daily at 10:45 NZST (21:45 UTC) from the LINZ Data Service. See Details on the right for when data was last updated and LDS layer history for more. Layer availability is unaffected during updates.

A city map has been stored for the entire urban area of Linz (data actuality: 07/2015): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm

Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, street designations, water inscriptions and house numbers

The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — GPS data reference system

No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI.

Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

A city map has been stored for the entire city area of Linz (data update: 07/2016): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm

Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, road names, water labels and house numbers

The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — Reference system of GPS data

No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI.

Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

A city map has been stored for the entire city area of Linz (data update: 1876): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, road names, water labels and house numbers The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — Reference system of GPS data No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI. Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

A map was stored for the entire city area of Linz, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm

Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, road names, water labels and house numbers

The city map is available for download in the following destination coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria.

No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI.

Contact address: ptu-geo@mag.linz.at

A city map has been stored for the entire city area of Linz (data update: 1945): 1 position file in TFW format, 1 image file (TIF) for total Linz with a floor resolution of 25 cm Data content: Buildings, roads, forests, green areas, water areas, road names, water labels and house numbers The city maps are available for download in the following target coordinate systems: EPSG31255 — National Coordinate System for Central Austria, EPSG3857 — Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere, EPSG4326 WGS84 — Reference system of GPS data No liability can be assumed for any errors or inaccuracies. Plans with higher accuracy, additional information content or other data formats (coordinate systems) can be ordered from PTUVGI. Contact address: PTU-GEO@mag.linz.at

Geographic name holds the proper noun of certain objects within the Topo databases. Geographic_name does not apply to roads, railway lines, or descriptive text - eg 'Brunner Mine' would be a Geographic_name but 'mine disused' is held in the descriptive_text feature

Data Dictionary for geographic_name: https://docs.topo.linz.govt.nz/data-dictionary/tdd-class-geographic_name.html

This layer is a component of the Ant50 map series. This is the topographic mapping carried out at 1:50,000 scale by LINZ within the Ross Dependency, Antarctica.

Shapefile of New Zealand Railways downloaded from data.linz.govt.nz 2015. For use with the New Zealand Population Distribution resource.Achievement Standard 91014

NZ Geographic Place Names from LINZ (March 2008)

Sourced from Land Information New Zealand, 2008. Crown copyright reserved. www.linz.govt.nz

Conditions of use

The data may be freely distributed provided that the following conditions are met and included with the data:

1. Acknowledge the source. Where place names data, maps or other images are reproduced, derived or copied from LINZ material, the following acknowledgement note must be shown on the product and associated media:

   Sourced from Land Information New Zealand, [date]. Crown copyright reserved.

2. Do not change the spelling or dataset composition unless a decision has been made by the NZGB.

3. LINZ does not accept responsibility for any problem that occurs if the data is downloaded, translated or imported into another format or computer program.

4. These above conditions of use are to be included with any copied or adapted data.

Geographic name holds the proper noun of certain objects within the Topo databases. Geographic_name does not apply to roads, railway lines, or descriptive text - eg 'Brunner Mine' would be a Geographic_name but 'mine disused' is held in the descriptive_text feature

Data Dictionary for geographic_name: https://docs.topo.linz.govt.nz/data-dictionary/tdd-class-geographic_name.html

Although captured and presented at 1:25,000 this layer, for all intents and purposes, forms part of the Topo50 map series.

Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

Geographic name holds the proper noun of certain objects within the Topo databases. Geographic_name does not apply to roads, railway lines, or descriptive text - eg 'Brunner Mine' would be a Geographic_name but 'mine disused' is held in the descriptive_text feature

Data Dictionary for geographic_name: https://docs.topo.linz.govt.nz/data-dictionary/tdd-class-geographic_name.html

This layer is a component of the Topo50 map series. The Topo50 map series provides topographic mapping for the New Zealand mainland, Chatham and New Zealand's offshore islands, at 1:50,000 scale and replaces the NZMS260 series.

Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

This dataset is a high definition (HD) version of the annually released meshblock boundaries at 1 January 2018. This HD version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre. Stats NZ maintains an annual meshblock geography for collecting and producing statistical data. This allows data to be compared over time. A meshblock is the smallest geographic unit for which statistical data is collected and processed by Stats NZ. A meshblock is defined by a geographic area, which can vary in size from part of a city block to a large area of rural land. Each meshblock borders on another to form a network covering all of New Zealand, including coasts and inlets and extending out to the 200-mile economic zone. Meshblocks are added together to build up larger geographic areas such as statistical area 1 (SA1), statistical area 2 (SA2), and urban rural. They are also used to define electoral districts, territorial authorities, and regional councils. The digital geographic boundaries are defined and maintained by Stats NZ. Meshblocks cover the land area of New Zealand, the water area to the 12-mile limit, the Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands, sub-Antarctic islands, off-shore oil rigs, and Ross Dependency.

Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.

There are 16 meshblocks not held in digitised form.

For further information see ANZLIC Metadata 2018 Meshblock attachment below.