ArcGIS Image Service

Mean LIS Flash Rate Density 

Time Interval: Full Climatology

Platform: TRMM

Time Extent: 1998-01-01 to 2013-12-31

Projection: GCS WGS84

Extent: (38.0°, 180.0°), (-38.0°, -180.0°)

Other Formats: OGC WMS, OGC WCS, REST


      Collection
    The LIS 0.1 Degree Very High Resolution Gridded Lightning Full Climatology (VHRFC) dataset consists of gridded full climatologies of total lightning flash rates seen by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) from January 1, 1998 through December 31, 2013. LIS is an instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite (TRMM) used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning occurring in the Earth's tropical and subtropical regions. This information can be used for severe storm detection and analysis, and also for lightning-atmosphere interaction studies. The gridded climatologies include annual mean flash rate, mean diurnal cycle of flash rate with 24 hour resolution, and mean annual cycle of flash rate with daily, monthly, or seasonal resolution. All datasets are in 0.1 degree spatial resolution. The mean annual cycle of flash rate datasets (i.e., daily, monthly or seasonal) have both 49-day and 1 degree boxcar moving averages to remove diurnal cycle and smooth regions with low flash rate, making the results more robust. (GHRC)

    Source Data: DAAC, CMR, Earthdata Search










Satellite Mapping and Analysis of Severe Hailstorms (SMASH) Project

This Hailstorm research project seeks to address knowledge gaps in the severe hail climatology using regional to global scale satellite observations and provides mechanisms to explore related datasets.

For questions/issues please contact: kristopher.m.bedka@nasa.gov

SMASH AGOL Group | NASA Applied Sciences | NASA Disasters Mapping Portal | NASA Langley Research Center Science Directorate

The Multiplatform Precipitation Feature (MPF) database combines ground- and space-based precipitation observations and retrievals from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Validation Network (VN) with space-based lightning measurements from the Lightning Imaging Sensor on board the International Space Station (ISS LIS). The data are synthesized in a thunderstorm-like, feature-based framework that encapsulates the microphysical, kinematic, and electrical properties of the observed storm.

A VNMPF includes:

- Radar information, GPM orbit, and ISS orbit
- Time/date information
- Geographical information
- Radar reflectivity characteristics
- Lightning energetic and identification information (where there is lightning)
- 3-dimensional wind information (where radars in dual-Doppler configuration are available)

Version 1: 2017-2020

Version 2: 2017-2022, updated VN winds

ArcGIS Image Service

Mean LIS Flash Rate Density 

Time Interval: Diurnal Climatology

Platform: TRMM

Time Extent: 1998-01-01 to 2013-12-31

Projection: GCS WGS84

Extent: (38.0°, 180.0°), (-38.0°, -180.0°)

Other Formats: OGC WMS, OGC WCS, REST


      Collection
    The LIS 0.1 Degree Very High Resolution Gridded Lightning Diurnal Climatology (VHRDC) dataset consists of gridded diurnal climatologies of total lightning flash rates seen by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) from January 1, 1998 through December 31, 2013. LIS is an instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite (TRMM) used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning occurring in the Earth's tropical and subtropical regions. This information can be used for severe storm detection and analysis, and also for lightning-atmosphere interaction studies. The gridded climatologies include annual mean flash rate, mean diurnal cycle of flash rate with 24 hour resolution, and mean annual cycle of flash rate with daily, monthly, or seasonal resolution. All datasets are in 0.1 degree spatial resolution. The mean annual cycle of flash rate datasets (i.e., daily, monthly or seasonal) have both 49-day and 1 degree boxcar moving averages to remove diurnal cycle and smooth regions with low flash rate, making the results more robust. (GHRC)

    Source Data: DAAC, CMR, Earthdata Search









Satellite Mapping and Analysis of Severe Hailstorms (SMASH) Project

This Hailstorm research project seeks to address knowledge gaps in the severe hail climatology using regional to global scale satellite observations and provides mechanisms to explore related datasets.

For questions/issues please contact: kristopher.m.bedka@nasa.gov

SMASH AGOL Group | NASA Applied Sciences | NASA Disasters Mapping Portal | NASA Langley Research Center Science Directorate

Land cover is a physical description of the space and (bio) physical occupation observed on the earth's surface. Description copied from catalog.inspire.geoportail.lu.

Develop a mission simulation and evaluation platform for terrestrial hydrology missions by creating an end-to-end observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) platform by using NASA LIS’ data assimilation, optimization, and uncertainty estimation tools.  This platform will enable:
Quantifying the impact of observations through a variety of OSSE configurations and evaluation metrics related to terrestrial hydrologic science and applications
Improving the use of products for end-use applications and science, and quantifying the mission risks for GPM and GRACE-II

Update Frequency:DailySummary:Land Information System (LIS) 0-200 cm layer Soil Moisture Percentile generated by the NASA SPoRT Center over a Contiguous United States domain.The NASA Land Information System (LIS) is a high-performance land surface modeling and data assimilation system used to characterize land surface states and fluxes by integrating satellite-derived datasets, ground-based observations, and model re-analyses. The NASA SPoRT Center at MSFC developed a real-time configuration of the LIS (“SPoRT-LIS”), which is designed for use in experimental operations by domestic and international users. SPoRT-LIS is an observations-driven, historical and real-time modeling setup that runs the Noah land surface model over a full CONUS domain. It provides soil moisture estimates at approximately 3-km horizontal grid spacing over a 2-meter-deep soil column and has been validated for regional applications and against U.S. Drought Monitor products.SPoRT-LIS consists of a 33-year soil moisture climatology spanning from 1981 to 2013, which is extended to the present time and forced by atmospheric analyses from the operational North American Land Data Assimilation System-Phase 2 through 4 days prior to the current time, and by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Data Assimilation System in combination with hourly Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor precipitation estimates from 4 days ago to the present time. A unique feature of SPoRT-LIS is the incorporation of daily, real-time satellite retrievals of VIIRS Green Vegetation Fraction since 2012, which results in more representative evapotranspiration and ultimately soil moisture estimates than using a fixed seasonal depiction of vegetation in the model.The 33-year soil moisture climatology also provides the database for real-time soil moisture percentiles evaluated for all U.S. counties and at each modeled grid point. The present-day soil moisture analyses are compared to daily historical distributions to determine the soil wet/dry anomalies for the specific day of the year. Soil moisture percentile maps are constructed for the model layers, and these data are frequently referenced by scientists and operational agencies contributing to the weekly U.S. Drought Monitor product.Suggested Use:This product can be used for drought assessment, fire risk assessment, potential for flooding hazards associated with heavy precipitation and high percentiles; contextualizing soil moisture content to historical values.Soil moisture percentiles are shown using a Classified Color Ramp (Multi-Color, 11-classes) that colorize the low percentile categories (≤ 30th) as shown in the U.S. Drought Monitor weekly products, ranging from yellow to dark red. The high percentile categories (≥ 70th) are colorized with increasing blue intensity. Intermediate percentiles in the 30th to 70th range are assigned a nominal gray shade.The 0-200 cm layer combines SPoRT-LIS soil moisture analyses from all four model layers 0-10 cm, 10-40 cm, 40-100 cm, and 100-200 cm depths. The 0-200 cm cumulative layer adjusts slowly to precipitation episodes or the lack thereof compared to the other cumulative layered percentile products. It takes considerably longer time periods for intercepted rainfall and snowmelt to infiltrate from the upper layers into the lower layers at 40-100 cm and 100-200 cm, or conversely for the deeper soil layer to dry from evapotranspiration processes. Expect anomalies of soil moisture percentiles in the total column 0-200 cm layer to respond to meteorological features on the order of months to years (especially for drying periods), depending on the soil classification and soil responsiveness.Data Caveats:The SPoRT-LIS is as good as the input forcing analyses, so occasional soil moisture artifacts may appear in the horizontal maps related to quality-control issues of the input datasets. These can be manifested with unusually low or high percentiles, especially along international borders, coastlines, and isolated dry “bulls-eyes” at rain gauge with quality issues.Data Visualization:The Soil Moisture Percentile is the histogram rank of the current day’s soil moisture value compared to the 33-year climatology for the present day. The percentile places into historical context the soil moisture to determine how unusually wet or dry, or typical the conditions are. Percentile thresholds as established by the drought community are used to categorize soil moisture dry anomalies can be found here.

The dataset is associated with the paper titled as "Duration, spatial size and radiance of lightning flashes over the Asia-Pacific region based on TRMM/LIS observations" which is considered for publication in "Atmospheric Research". It can be access using "Matlab" software. The abstract of this paper is as follow:

The geographical distributions of flash duration, length, footprint and radiance, as well as their correspondence with thunderstorm structures, are investigated for the first time in the Asia-Pacific region ranging from 70°E to 160°E and from 18°N to 36°N and in six specially chosen regions by employing flash data collected by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and TRMM-based radar precipitation feature (RPF) data from 2002 to 2014. The flash length, footprint and radiance values are, on average, the largest over the deep ocean, followed by offshore waters and land. Flash duration is the longest over the offshore waters near the east coast of China, followed by the deep ocean and land. The Tibet Plateau and the northern part of the Indian Peninsula have the weakest flash properties in the study region. Furthermore, the geographic distributions of the flash properties exhibit evident seasonal changes. The monotonic relationship between flash spatial size and radiance is stronger than the monotonic relationships between flash duration and spatial size or radiance. Based on a comparison of the seasonal and regional changes in flash properties with RPF properties, convective intensity is proposed to play a crucial role in characterizing the flash spatial size and radiance, according to their inverse correlation in most regions. However, the climatological correspondence between flash duration and thunderstorm structures remains poorly constrained. We have launched a discussion of the possible association between thunderstorm structures and flash properties.

Waarnemingen.be / observations.be - List of species observed in Belgium is a species checklist dataset published by Natuurpunt and Natagora. Waarnemingen.be (in Dutch, managed by Natuurpunt) and observation.be (in French, managed by Natagora) are the two local Belgian subsites of the global observation.org website. The checklist comprises 20,412 species observed in Belgium. Here, it is published as a standardized Darwin Core Archive and includes for each species: the scientific name, higher classification and stable taxon identifier (in the taxon core), its status (native, introduced) and first and last observation date per region (Flanders, Brussels Capital Region, Wallonia) in Belgium (in the distribution extension).

Only observations which were approved by species specialists based on provided evidence (photograph or sound), or which were approved based on expert judgment by the validating experts were considered for publication (see Swinnen et al. 2022 for the validation procedure). Observers’ data-sharing settings were respected at all times. When the first or last observation from a species in a region was not to be shared, observers were contacted to request an exception for this species list. In the few cases this authorization was not acquired, the next (for the oldest record) or previous (for the most recent record) observation date was considered for publication.

This species list does not represent a complete overview of Belgian biodiversity, only species that are recorded in the citizen science platforms waarnemingen.be and observation.be. Other datasets and checklists have to be considered for the compilation of a complete Belgian overview.

We have released this dataset under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). We would appreciate it, however, if you read and follow these norms for data use (http://www.natuurpunt.be/normen-voor-datagebruik). If you use these data for a scientific paper, please cite the dataset following the applicable citation norms and/or consider us for co-authorship. We are always prepared to provide more information or knowledge on how to use the data, so please contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or natuurdata@natuurpunt.be.

The submitted data are associated with the figures in the paper titled "New understanding of the spatiotemporal lightning activity over the Tibetan Plateau based on WWLLN data". The following is the abstract of this paper.

The spatiotemporal distribution of the lightning activity over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been studied based on data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the polar-orbit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. In this study, using lightning data provided by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), we reinvestigated the lightning activity over the TP and found that the geographic and seasonal lightning distributions suggested by the WWLLN are somewhat different from those obtained from the LIS. In particular, 1) while the LIS indicates a strong lightning activity over the northeastern TP, the WWLLN indicates a relatively weak lightning activity over the region; 2) the WWLLN indicates the existence of a center with relatively frequent lightning activity over the south-by-west TP, which is not indicated by the LIS; furthermore, 3) the WWLLN indicates the main peak in the lightning activity in August and a secondary peak in September, whereas the corresponding peaks indicated by the LIS are observed in July and June, respectively. The additionally analyzed black body temperature data from the Fengyun-2E geostationary satellite (as a proxy of deep convection), thunderstorm day data, and cloud-to-ground lightning data from a local lightning location system strongly support the lightning spatiotemporal distribution patterns suggested by the WWLLN. The difference between the WWLLN and LIS data is attributed to their very different sample numbers and observation methods, and the fact that lightning tends to occur in the lower part of TP thunderstorms. Owing to the time-continuous nature, the WWLLN data were also used to obtain the ten-day distributions of lightning in space and time and the diurnal variation of lightning. This study may further elucidate our knowledge of the lightning activity over the TP.

This is a compilation of sources in major blazar monitoring programs. This list contains all blazars known to be regularly monitored, plus all the MOJAVE- & Boston U.- monitored AGNs and known TeV blazars

This dataset contains a list of observation procedure types, which are used within data.omgeving.vlaanderen.be.

The 2023 release of the XMM OM Serendipitous Ultraviolet Source Survey (XMM-SUSS6.1) Catalog, a catalog of optical/UV sources detected by the Optical Monitor (OM) on-board the European Space Agency's (ESA's) XMM-Newton observatory, spans the period of observations from 2000 to November 2022. The data processing was performed at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC, Madrid, Spain) using the XMM Science Analysis Software system (SAS) versions 18 and 19. In addition to covering a larger observation period, this sixth release reflects a change in philosophy with regard to the origin of the incorporated data. In previous releases, the data were generated via a bespoke processing of the OM Observation Data Files (ODFs) while in this new release, the catalog has been guided by the XMM user community and the authors have sought to harmonize the contents of the catalog with those of the OM data in the XMM-Newton Science Archive (XSA), which derive from the standard XMM-Newton pipeline processing system. While the bespoke processing and pipeline systems are fundamentally very similar, they are not identical and the differences lead to some differences in the output. The number of observations (OBSIDs) included in the catalog is 12,057. This table (XMMOMSUOB) contains the list of these observations and their characteristics, giving for each observation the filters used, the exposure time for each filter, the number of sources detected in each filter and the detection magnitude limit for each filter. The total number of entries in this release is 9,920,390. They correspond to 6,659,554 unique sources, of which 1,225,117 have multiple entries in the source table, corresponding to different observations. This list of sources is available at the HEASARC as the XMMOMSUSS table. The documentation on the first release of this catalog is available at http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/www_astro/XMM-OM-SUSS/Summary.shtml. This HEASARC database table contains the sixth release of the XMM-OM SUSS catalog, XMM-SUSS6.1, released by ESA in October 2023, obtained from the XMM-Newton Science Archive (http://xmm.esac.esa.int/xsa), and ingested into the HEASARC database in October 2023. It is also available at the HEASARC as the gzipped FITS file https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/FTP/xmm/data/catalogues/XMM-OM-SUSS6-1.1.fits.gz. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

This spreadsheet summarizes the number of corals photographed along a 51-meter transect line at Underwater Site P6 off Lisianski Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in October, 2002.

Land cover is a physical description of the space and (bio) physical occupation observed on the earth's surface. Description copied from catalog.inspire.geoportail.lu.

CLIMATE APPLICATIONS: Land data assimilation Climate monitoring: GCOS ECV Climate monitoring of land surface fluxes: e.g. LSA SAF, GLDAS/LIS Climate monitoring of heat waves: e.g. ETH Zurich Switzerland, reinsurance companies such as SWISS RE Climate monitoring of crop health: e.g. AgroScope Switzerland, UNEP, reinsurance companies such as SWISS RE climate impact Analysis Regional climate modelling: validation of regional climate models (e.g. COSMOCLM)

This database table is the Dixon Master List of Radio Sources (Version 43, dated November 1981) which contains flux densities for known radio sources detected at a variety of frequencies. The Master List of Radio Sources was prepared by combining about thirty catalogs of radio sources that were available as of that date into a common format. Notice that this is a list of observations, not of individual sources, and that an entry in this table corresponds to an observation of a radio source at a particular frequency from a particular source catalog: also, no attempt was made by the author to use the same name for the same source, e.g., the source 3C 273 appears more than a dozen times under a variety of names such as PKS 1226+02, NRAO400, CTA 53, etc. This database table was recreated at the HEASARC in June 2005 after it was discovered that the positions had been incorrectly precessed. The original input table used for both the previous and current HEASARC Dixon tables was the 43rd version of the Master List, dated November 1981. It was obtained from the Colorado node of the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), the now-defunct HTTP link

Deze dataset bevat een lijst van observatieproceduretypes, die gebruikt worden binnen het beleidsdomein omgeving van de Vlaamse Overheid en zoals die initieel binnen het kader van het OSLO thema omgeving is opgesteld.

scientific abstract 12 arcmin away from the pointed observations with isophot images with isocam, using filters lw 2 (in parallel mode) and lw 3 and 1 (as linked observations), are taken. the exact positions of these images around those of part one of this proposal will depend on the roll angle of the telescope at the time the isophot observations will be done, but since they are part of a survey that will determine the large scale properties of the galaxy, this kind of uncertainty does not influence the scientific value of the observations. the images in two spectral bands will supplement the observations of the cp proposal selected area galactic survey with isocam (price et al.) and will therefore be shared between the consortia of this and dr. prices proposal. they will yield an improvement in modeling the point source sky and will thus provide essential information for the photometric measurements of this proposal by accurately accounting for the contribution of discrete sources. observation summary all observations in the target list of this part are linked to observations in the first part of this proposal during the pointed observations done in this proposal with isophot, isocam lw 2 (5 8.5 um), 6 pfov, parallel mode observations are automatically obtained as byproducts. in order to supplement them with isocam images in different filters, the positions of the parallel mode observations are revisited with isocam lw 3 (12 17 um) and lw 1 (4 5 um), 6 pfov, as prime instrument. as the positions of the isocam parallel mode images depend on the roll angle of the telescope which is not known in advance, the isocam observations with lw 3 and 1 have to be linked to the pointed isophot observations. the only informations needed in this procedure from the pht pointed observations are the exact positions of the appertaining isocam parallel observations. they will subsequently be inserted into the target lis tru [truncated!, Please see actual data for full text]

NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE; Wright et al. 2010) mapped the sky at 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22 μm (W1, W2, W3, W4) in 2010 with an angular resolution of 6.1", 6.4", 6.5", & 12.0" in the four bands. WISE achieved 5σ point source sensitivities better than 0.08, 0.11, 1 and 6 mJy in unconfused regions on the ecliptic in the four bands. Sensitivity improves toward the ecliptic poles due to denser coverage and lower zodiacal background.The All-Sky Release includes all data taken during the WISE full cryogenic mission phase, 7 January 2010 to 6 August 2010, that were processed with improved calibrations and reduction algorithms. Release data products include an Atlas of 18,240 match-filtered, calibrated and coadded image sets, a Source Catalog containing positional and photometric information for over 563 million objects detected on the WISE images, and an Explanatory Supplement that is a guide to the format, content, characteristics and cautionary notes for the WISE All-Sky Release products.The Known Solar System Object Possible Associations List is a compendium of asteroids, comets, planets or planetary satellites, with orbits known at the time of WISE second-pass data processing, that were predicted to be within the field-of-view at the time of individual WISE exposures. Individual objects were observed multiple times, so may have multiple entries in the list. When the predicted position of a solar system object is in proximity to a detection in the WISE single-exposures, the WISE source position and brightness information are also provided. The WISE All-Sky Data Release Single-exposure Source Working Database contains positions and brightness information, uncertainties, time of observation and assorted quality flags for 9,479,433,101 "sources" detected on the individual WISE 7.7s (W1 and W2) and 8.8s (W3 and W4) Single-exposure images. Because WISE scanned every point on the sky multiple times, the Single-exposure Database contains multiple, independent measurements of objects on the sky.Entries in the Single-exposure Source Table include detections of real astrophysical objects, as well as spurious detections of low SNR noise excursions, transient events such as hot pixels, charged particle strikes and satellite streaks, and image artifacts light from bright sources including the moon. Many of the unreliable detections are flagged in the Single-exposure Table, but they have not been filtered out as they were for the Source Catalog. Therefore, the Table must be used with caution. Users are strongly encouraged to read the Cautionary Notes before using the Table.