ArcGIS Map Packages and GIS Data for Gillreath-Brown, Nagaoka, and Wolverton (2019)

**When using the GIS data included in these map packages, please cite all of the following:

Gillreath-Brown, Andrew, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton. A Geospatial Method for Estimating Soil Moisture Variability in Prehistoric Agricultural Landscapes, 2019. PLoSONE 14(8):e0220457. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220457

Gillreath-Brown, Andrew, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton. ArcGIS Map Packages for: A Geospatial Method for Estimating Soil Moisture Variability in Prehistoric Agricultural Landscapes, Gillreath-Brown et al., 2019. Version 1. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2572018

OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS

This repository contains map packages for Gillreath-Brown, Nagaoka, and Wolverton (2019), as well as the raw digital elevation model (DEM) and soils data, of which the analyses was based on. The map packages contain all GIS data associated with the analyses described and presented in the publication. The map packages were created in ArcGIS 10.2.2; however, the packages will work in recent versions of ArcGIS. (Note: I was able to open the packages in ArcGIS 10.6.1, when tested on February 17, 2019). The primary files contained in this repository are:

• Raw DEM and Soils data
  • Digital Elevation Model Data (Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program, and can be downloaded from the National Elevation Dataset)
    • DEM_Individual_Tiles: Individual DEM tiles prior to being merged (1/3 arc second) from USGS National Elevation Dataset.
    • DEMs_Merged: DEMs were combined into one layer. Individual watersheds (i.e., Goodman, Coffey, and Crow Canyon) were clipped from this combined DEM.
  • Soils Data (Map services and data available from Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture)
    • Animas-Dolores_Area_Soils: Small portion of the soil mapunits cover the northeastern corner of the Coffey Watershed (CW).
    • Cortez_Area_Soils: Soils for Montezuma County, encompasses all of Goodman (GW) and Crow Canyon (CCW) watersheds, and a large portion of the Coffey watershed (CW).
• ArcGIS Map Packages
  • Goodman_Watershed_Full_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the full Goodman Watershed (GW).
  • Goodman_Watershed_Mesa-Only_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the mesa-only Goodman Watershed.
  • Crow_Canyon_Watershed_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the Crow Canyon Watershed (CCW).
  • Coffey_Watershed_SMPM_Analysis: Map Package contains the necessary files to rerun the SMPM analysis on the Coffey Watershed (CW).

For additional information on contents of the map packages, please see see "Map Packages Descriptions" or open a map package in ArcGIS and go to "properties" or "map document properties."

LICENSES

Code: MIT year: 2019
Copyright holders: Andrew Gillreath-Brown, Lisa Nagaoka, and Steve Wolverton

CONTACT

Andrew Gillreath-Brown, PhD Candidate, RPA
Department of Anthropology, Washington State University
andrew.brown1234@gmail.com – Email
andrewgillreathbrown.wordpress.com – Web

Animal mortality on roads is one of the main concerns on wildlife conservation. Due to their habitat requirements, amphibians became one of the most commonly road-killed group and this may affect their population viability. Implementation of mitigation measures may overcome the problem. However, due to the extensive road network, their application is very expensive and required a better understanding in where they should be implemented. Mortality hotspots can be identified as clusters of road-killed records) using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Although there are several statistical methods available, it is lacking a comparison analysis of them in order to understand their pros and contras. The aim of this study was to analyse possible differences between global, multi-scale and local spatial analysis methods in defining hotspots using amphibian road fatality data collected in northern Portugal country roads. We calculated the Nearest neighbor index, Morans I and Getis-ord General in order to compare the global clustering of points in seven sampled roads, and three were identified as clustered. We used Ripley K-function, Ripley L-function and F function to calculate the best scale for Malo's equation and Kernel density analysis in detecting hotspots and we compared their detection performance with Local Indicators of Association (LISA) (i.e Local Moran's I and Getis-ord Gi). Three different GIS software applications were used: ArcGis, Quantum GIS with R (opensource) and GeoDa (opensource). Results showed the importance of using multidistance spatial cluster analysis to define the best scale for hotspot detection with Malo´s equation and Kernel density analysis. Here we also suggest the advantages of Local Indicators of Association (LISA) for detecting clusters with the contribution of each individual observation (Local Morans I and Getis-ord Gi).

This area bird survey of the UC Santa Barbara Campus Lagoon began at 6:50 am on the north shore of the lagoon by the University Center building and ended at 8:45 am on the west side of the lagoon island. The survey was conducted by two teams of observers: Lisa Stratton, Jasen Liu and Charin Park surveyed the eastern half of the site, and Dan Fontaine, Darwin Richardson and Evan Hobson surveyed the western half. The observations recorded by each team were reviewed at the end of the survey to consider possible double counts and compile a complete total count of the area. Weather was clear and breezy with temperatures ranging from 55 to 65 (F).

This GIS dataset is the product of a survey of penguin colony boundaries at Bechervaise Island by Lisa Meyer of the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) in February 2000. For each boundary point Lisa …Show full descriptionThis GIS dataset is the product of a survey of penguin colony boundaries at Bechervaise Island by Lisa Meyer of the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) in February 2000. For each boundary point Lisa measured the distance from a surveyed metal pole to the boundary point of a penguin colony and then took a bearing with a compass back to the pole. The boundary point locations were calculated by the Australian Antarctic Data Centre from the distances and bearings using the UTM Zone 41 grid. The metal poles had been surveyed during the 1999/2000 summer season as described by the metadata record 'Bechervaise Island - Survey of penguin colony markers and some infrastructure'. Lyn Irvine of the AAD identified whether the penguin colony points were nests, colony markers or other boundary points. Map 13042 in the SCAR Map Catalogue displays the penguin colony boundaries. The nests in penguin colonies K, L and Q were surveyed in February 2002 as described by the metadata record 'Adelie Penguin nest locations on Bechervaise Island'.

Bathymetric survey of Clifton Court Forebay. The survey took place between January 25th, 2016 and March 1st, 2016 using single beam echo sounder technology and was collected by Brody Sunderland, Robert Short, Scott Flory, and Lisa Sawyer. The original survey data were collected in NAD83 and NAVD88 datums. • Horizontal Units: Feet• Vertical Units: Feet

Click here for research on the effects of land use planning and gentrification on Portland’s communities of color and other vulnerable populations. Economic Vulnerability Assessment:This map identifies census tracts in Portland where residents are more vulnerable to changing economic conditions, making resisting displacement more difficult. These areas have residents who are more likely to:Be "housing cost-burdened", meaning they pay 30% or more of their income on housing costs.Belong to communities of color, particularly Black and Indigenous communities.Lack college degrees, andHave Lower Incomes.This dataset provides an update to the vulnerability risk analysis that Dr. Lisa Bates prepared for the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability in 2012.This latest dataset includes the following changes in methodology:Low income households were replaced with a size-adjusted median household income. This helps account for how different household sizes experience living with different incomes.Renter households were replaced with households that are housing cost-burdened (pay 30%+ on housing costs). This acknowledges that homeowners who pay a high percentage of their income on housing can be vulnerable to displacement as well.A new variable, Black and Indigenous population, was added to better incorporate past harms to these communities.The vulnerability score was rescaled from 0 to 100. A score of 60 or greater is considered a vulnerable tract.Data sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 ACS 5-year estimates, Tables B25106, B25010, B03002, B19013, B15002. Prepared Summer 2024 by the Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability.Download dataset from City of Portland Open Data siteAbout the Bureau of Planning and SustainabilityThe Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability (BPS) develops creative and practical solutions to enhance Portland’s livability, preserve distinctive places and plan for a resilient future.Need more information about this data? Email bpsgis@portlandoregon.gov-- Additional Information: Category: Planning Purpose: Map the areas susceptible to gentrification pressure. Update Frequency: Yearly-- Metadata Link: https://www.portlandmaps.com/metadata/index.cfm?&action=DisplayLayer&LayerID=54141

Spatial analysis and statistical summaries of the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) provide land managers and decision makers with a general assessment of management intent for biodiversity protection, natural resource management, and recreation access across the nation. This data release presents results from statistical summaries of the PAD-US 2.1 protection status for various land unit boundaries (Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) Summary Statistics by GAP Status Code) as well as summaries of public access status (Public Access Statistics), provided in Microsoft Excel readable workbooks, the vector GIS analysis files and scripts used to complete the summaries, and raster GIS analysis files for combination with other raster data. The PAD-US 2.1 Combined Fee, Designation, Easement feature class in the full inventory (with Military Lands and Tribal Areas from the Proclamation and Other Planning Boundaries feature class) was modified to pri ...

In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The program supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, including the California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2008), which requires information about the distribution of ecosystems as part of the design and proposal process for the establishment of Marine Protected Areas. A focus of CSMP is to map California’s State Waters with consistent methods at a consistent scale. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology data rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. This approach and CSMP planning is based in part on recommendations of the Marine Mapping Planning Workshop (Kvitek and others, 2006), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists from around the state. That workshop established geographic priorities for a coastal mapping project and identified the need for coverage of “lands†from the shore strand line (defined as Mean Higher High Water; MHHW) out to the 3-nautical-mile (5.6-km) limit of California’s State Waters. Unfortunately, surveying the zone from MHHW out to 10-m water depth is not consistently possible using ship-based surveying methods, owing to sea state (for example, waves, wind, or currents), kelp coverage, and shallow rock outcrops. Accordingly, some of the data presented in this series commonly do not cover the zone from the shore out to 10-m depth. This data is part of a series of online U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications, each of which includes several map sheets, some explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a PDF file. Geographic information system (GIS) files that contain both ESRI ArcGIS raster grids (for example, bathymetry, seafloor character) and geotiffs (for example, shaded relief) are also included for each publication. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html (last accessed September 20, 2013). The California Seafloor Mapping Program is a collaborative venture between numerous different federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. CSMP partners include the California Coastal Conservancy, the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Geological Survey, California State University at Monterey Bay’s Seafloor Mapping Lab, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Center for Habitat Studies, Fugro Pelagos, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, including National Ocean Service–Office of Coast Surveys, National Marine Sanctuaries, and National Marine Fisheries Service), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. These web services for the Offshore of Salt Point map area includes data layers that are associated to GIS and map sheets available from the USGS CSMP web page at https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/mapping/csmp/index.html. Each published CSMP map area includes a data catalog of geographic information system (GIS) files; map sheets that contain explanatory text; and an associated descriptive pamphlet. This web service represents the available data layers for this map area. Data was combined from different sonar surveys to generate a comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter coverage of the map area. These data reveal a range of physiographic including exposed bedrock outcrops, large fields of sand waves, as well as many human impacts on the seafloor. To validate geological and biological interpretations of the sonar data, the U.S. Geological Survey towed a camera sled over specific offshore locations, collecting both video and pho... Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/253bc2a5-c3c7-4126-a4a9-d112ab8b6e11 for complete metadata about this dataset.

In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The program supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, including the California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2008), which requires information about the distribution of ecosystems as part of the design and proposal process for the establishment of Marine Protected Areas. A focus of CSMP is to map California’s State Waters with consistent methods at a consistent scale. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology data rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. This approach and CSMP planning is based in part on recommendations of the Marine Mapping Planning Workshop (Kvitek and others, 2006), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists from around the state. That workshop established geographic priorities for a coastal mapping project and identified the need for coverage of “lands†from the shore strand line (defined as Mean Higher High Water; MHHW) out to the 3-nautical-mile (5.6-km) limit of California’s State Waters. Unfortunately, surveying the zone from MHHW out to 10-m water depth is not consistently possible using ship-based surveying methods, owing to sea state (for example, waves, wind, or currents), kelp coverage, and shallow rock outcrops. Accordingly, some of the data presented in this series commonly do not cover the zone from the shore out to 10-m depth. This data is part of a series of online U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications, each of which includes several map sheets, some explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a PDF file. Geographic information system (GIS) files that contain both ESRI ArcGIS raster grids (for example, bathymetry, seafloor character) and geotiffs (for example, shaded relief) are also included for each publication. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html (last accessed September 20, 2013). The California Seafloor Mapping Program is a collaborative venture between numerous different federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. CSMP partners include the California Coastal Conservancy, the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Geological Survey, California State University at Monterey Bay’s Seafloor Mapping Lab, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Center for Habitat Studies, Fugro Pelagos, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, including National Ocean Service–Office of Coast Surveys, National Marine Sanctuaries, and National Marine Fisheries Service), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. These web services for the Bolinas to Pescadero Region includes data layers that are associated to GIS and map sheets available from the USGS CSMP web page at https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/mapping/csmp/index.html. Each published CSMP map area includes a data catalog of geographic information system (GIS) files; map sheets that contain explanatory text; and an associated descriptive pamphlet. This web service represents the available data layers for this map area. Data was combined from different sonar surveys to generate a comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter coverage of the map area. These data reveal a range of physiographic including exposed bedrock outcrops, large fields of sand waves, as well as many human impacts on the seafloor. To validate geological and biological interpretations of the sonar data, the U.S. Geological Survey towed a camera sled over specific offshore locations, collecting both video and photogr... Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/6fc4f3da-e5ae-4081-b000-78e80d855f94 for complete metadata about this dataset.

This is a data set of observations from an area bird survey of the UC Santa Barbara North Campus Open Space (NCOS) that began at 6:45 am near the Venoco Road bridge and ended at 8:50 am near the trail bridge over Phelps Creek. It was conducted by two teams of observers: Mark Holmgren and Lisa Stratton surveyed the eastern half of the site, and Darwin Richardson and Beau Tindall surveyed the western half. The observations

recorded by each team were reviewed at the end of the survey to consider possible double counts and compile a complete total count of the area. The water level elevation of Devereux Slough was approx. 6.2 feet and the weather was clear and calm (63 degrees F).

A map showing the location of Champaign County, Illinois, USA.

This layer generally describes Geologically Hazardous Areas as defined in TMC 13.11.700, including erosion and landslide hazard areas. It is used to review changes to these areas including development proposals, proposals for vegetation modification, and potential violations for compliance with critical area and building codes.This layer was derived from 2018 bare earth lidar. The initial analysis steps include: slope tool to create a % rise surface then using the int tool and reclassify using the 0-15, 15-25, 25-40 and >40 percent slope. Those classifications were converted to polygons. Further refinement was done to reduce the number of polygons. All areas in the >15% classification were deleted, all polygons <200ft in length and all polygons < 100 sq. ft. in area were deleted. Additional simplifying was done to create smoother boundaries of areas and a series of positive and negative buffers was used to remove holes in areas. Additional refinement to this was done including: (Deleted polygons <= 200 sq. ft. for Slope Category 15 - 25%. Deleted polygons <= 100 sq. ft. for Slope Category 25 - 40% & Over 40%)Data Steward contact: Craig Kuntz, ckuntz@cityoftacoma.org or Lisa Spadoni, Natural Resources Program Manager, lspadoni@cityoftacoma.org.

Attachment regarding public Hearing request to rezone all or a portion of the following parcels below from R-1, Residential to the district that is listed. Parcel 8931 owned by GAINES MARY LISA & GAINES BEN PHILIP JR to General Business.

In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The program supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, including the California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2008), which requires information about the distribution of ecosystems as part of the design and proposal process for the establishment of Marine Protected Areas. A focus of CSMP is to map California’s State Waters with consistent methods at a consistent scale. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology data rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. This approach and CSMP planning is based in part on recommendations of the Marine Mapping Planning Workshop (Kvitek and others, 2006), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists from around the state. That workshop established geographic priorities for a coastal mapping project and identified the need for coverage of “lands†from the shore strand line (defined as Mean Higher High Water; MHHW) out to the 3-nautical-mile (5.6-km) limit of California’s State Waters. Unfortunately, surveying the zone from MHHW out to 10-m water depth is not consistently possible using ship-based surveying methods, owing to sea state (for example, waves, wind, or currents), kelp coverage, and shallow rock outcrops. Accordingly, some of the data presented in this series commonly do not cover the zone from the shore out to 10-m depth. This data is part of a series of online U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications, each of which includes several map sheets, some explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a PDF file. Geographic information system (GIS) files that contain both ESRI ArcGIS raster grids (for example, bathymetry, seafloor character) and geotiffs (for example, shaded relief) are also included for each publication. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html (last accessed September 20, 2013). The California Seafloor Mapping Program is a collaborative venture between numerous different federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. CSMP partners include the California Coastal Conservancy, the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Geological Survey, California State University at Monterey Bay’s Seafloor Mapping Lab, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Center for Habitat Studies, Fugro Pelagos, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, including National Ocean Service–Office of Coast Surveys, National Marine Sanctuaries, and National Marine Fisheries Service), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. These web services for the Offshore of Point Reyes map area includes data layers that are associated to GIS and map sheets available from the USGS CSMP web page at https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/mapping/csmp/index.html. Each published CSMP map area includes a data catalog of geographic information system (GIS) files; map sheets that contain explanatory text; and an associated descriptive pamphlet. This web service represents the available data layers for this map area. Data was combined from different sonar surveys to generate a comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter coverage of the map area. These data reveal a range of physiographic including exposed bedrock outcrops, large fields of sand waves, as well as many human impacts on the seafloor. To validate geological and biological interpretations of the sonar data, the U.S. Geological Survey towed a camera sled over specific offshore locations, collecting both video and photographic imagery; these “ground-truth†surveying data are available from the CSMP Video and Photograph Portal at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7J1015K. The “seafloor character†data layer shows classifications of the seafloor on the basis of depth, slope, rugosity (ruggedness), and backscatter intensity and which is further informed by the ground-truth-survey imagery. The “potential habitats†polygons are delineated on the basis of substrate type, geomorphology, seafloor process, or other attributes that may provide a habitat for a specific species or assemblage of organisms. Representative seismic-reflection profile data from the map area is also include and provides information on the subsurface stratigraphy and structure of the map area. The distribution and thickness of young sediment (deposited over the past about 21,000 years, during the most recent sea-level rise) is interpreted on the basis of the seismic-reflection data. The geologic polygons merge onshore geologic mapping (compiled from existing maps by the California Geological Survey) and new offshore geologic mapping that is based on integration of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter imagery seafloor-sediment and rock samplesdigital camera and video imagery, and high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. The information provided by the map sheets, pamphlet, and data catalog has a broad range of applications. High-resolution bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, ground-truth-surveying imagery, and habitat mapping all contribute to habitat characterization and ecosystem-based management by providing essential data for delineation of marine protected areas and ecosystem restoration. Many of the maps provide high-resolution baselines that will be critical for monitoring environmental change associated with climate change, coastal development, or other forcings. High-resolution bathymetry is a critical component for modeling coastal flooding caused by storms and tsunamis, as well as inundation associated with longer term sea-level rise. Seismic-reflection and bathymetric data help characterize earthquake and tsunami sources, critical for natural-hazard assessments of coastal zones. Information on sediment distribution and thickness is essential to the understanding of local and regional sediment transport, as well as the development of regional sediment-management plans. In addition, siting of any new offshore infrastructure (for example, pipelines, cables, or renewable-energy facilities) will depend on high-resolution mapping. Finally, this mapping will both stimulate and enable new scientific research and also raise public awareness of, and education about, coastal environments and issues.

 Web services were created using an ArcGIS service definition file. The ArcGIS REST service and OGC WMS service include all Offshore of Point Reyes map area data layers. Data layers are symbolized as shown on the associated map sheets.

Maps of Great Basin groundwater geochemistry show distinctive regional spatial patterns. Factors affecting the concentrations of dissolved constituents include bedrock lithology, location within structural zones, geothermal systems, and surficial playa deposits and salt lakes. In this study, a large geochemical database of ~51,577 Great Basin groundwater samples from springs and wells was compiled from multiple sources. These data were uploaded into a geographic information system (GIS) and used to produce concentration maps for As, B, Ba, Ca, Cl, F, Fe, HCO3, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, SiO2, and SO4. These maps were then examined to identify geologic factors that might have influenced their concentration, including the presence of geothermal systems. Lithium sample densities for cations/anions is low so a 50km buffer for this grid was created and values were clipped at that distance. The point concentration values were extrapolated out to a maximum of 50 km, then clipped off (to a value of '0 'past 50 km).

To quantify shoreline rates of change (erosion or accretion), Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) used historical and recent shorelines spanning 1972-2011 as input into the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.3. DSAS, a computer program developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), determines linear rates of shoreline change along closely spaced, shore-normal transects. Based on DSAS output, MGS assigned generalized rate of change categories as attributes to a recent shoreline for Baltimore County. This recent shoreline consisted of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Continually Updated Shoreline Product (CUSP) digital shoreline currently available for Baltimore County. Based on the results of an End Point Rate (EPR) analysis on the ca. 1970s shoreline and the ca. 2000/2010 shoreline (recent shoreline), MGS grouped the rate results into the following general categories: (a) No change (-0.01 to 0.01 feet/year), (b) Accretion (greater than 0.01 feet/year), (c) Slight erosion rate (0 to -2 feet/year), (d) Low erosion rate (-2 to -4 feet/year), (e) Moderate erosion rate (-4 to -8 ft/yr), (f) High erosion rate (greater than -8 feet/year), (g) Protected, (h) No data (insufficient shorelines to calculate 30-year EPR rate), (i) No data (no transects cast; unprotected or unknown shoreline condition), and (j) No data (rates not delivered; calculated rates suspect). Negative rate of change values indicate erosion, and positive values indicate accretion. In general, MGS tried to attribute lengths of shoreline of at least 80 meters in length sharing similar rates of change.Funding for this data set was provided by two Projects of Special Merit (CZM # 14-14-1868 CZM 143 and CZM # 14-15-2005 CZM 143), funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and made available to MGS through the Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) Chesapeake and Coastal Service (CCS). MGS wishes to thank the following project partners: 1) MD DNR CCS, Contact: Mr. Chris Cortina, Role: CCS Project Manager; 2) NOAA, Contact: Mr. Doug Graham, NOAA National Geodetic Survey, Role: Project partner & source of historical and recent shorelines; 3) MD DNR Critical Areas Commission (CAC), Contact: Ms. Lisa Hoerger, Role: Project partner & source of recent shorelines; 4) Eastern Shore Regional GIS Cooperative (ESRGC), Salisbury University, Contact: Ryan Mello, Role: Performing the critical area re-mapping for MD DNR CAC and supplying MGS with CAC shorelines; and 5) Ms. Lamere Hennesse, MGS Geologist, retired, Role: Project guidance & technical support.This is a MD iMAP hosted service. Find more information on https://imap.maryland.gov.Map Service Link: https://geodata.md.gov/imap/rest/services/Hydrology/MD_ShorelineChanges/MapServer/7

1. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) encompass a range of social, cultural and health benefits to local communities, for example recreation, spirituality, a sense of place and local identity. However, these complex and place-specific CES are often overlooked in rapid land management decisions and assessed using broad, top–down approaches. 2. We use the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to examine a novel approach to rapid assessment of local CES provision using inductive, participatory methods. We combined free-listing and participatory geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to quantify and map perceptions of current CES provision of an urban green space. The results were then statistically compared with those of a proposed alternative scenario with the aim to inform future decision-making. 3. By identifying changes in the spatial hotspots of CES in our study area, we revealed a spatially-specific shift toward positive sentiment regarding several CES under the alternative state with variance across demographic and stakeholder groups. Response aggregations in areas of proposed development reveal previously unknown stakeholder preferences to local decision-makers and highlight potential trade-offs for conservation management. Free-listed responses revealed deeper insight into personal opinion and context. 4. This work serves as a useful case study on how the perceptions and opinions of local people regarding local CES could be accounted for in the future planning of an urban greenspace and how thorough analysis of CES provision is important to fully-inform local-scale conservation and planning for the mutual benefit of local communities and nature.

Please see the individual layers below to access the detailed metadata.In order to support science-based water resource management, a systematic effort was undertaken to characterize the nature and function of the hydrogeology in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. Jo Daviess County is a karst area. Karst is a geologically and hydrologically integrated or interconnected and self-organizing network of landforms and subsurface large-scale, secondary porosity created by a combination of fractured carbonate bedrock, the movement of water into and through the rock body as part of the hydrologic cycle, and physical and chemical weathering (Panno, S.V. et al, 2017). Springs, cover-collapse sinkholes, crevices, and caves are among the defining features of a karst terrain; each of these features is found in Jo Daviess County. Examples of these features have been located in the field and characterized by scientists from the Illinois State Geological and Water Surveys (Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).An unforeseen outcome of the 2012 summer drought that impacted the U.S. Midwest and adversely affected the health and vigor of agricultural crops was it provided a rare opportunity to examine the fractured, creviced, and buried bedrock surface of northwestern Illinois. Complex vegetated networks, referred to as ‘crop lines’, began to appear across the dry summer landscape of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, including adjacent western Stephenson County and southwestern Wisconsin. Primarily confined to alfalfa hay fields, the vegetated crop lines resulted from a combination of three factors: 1) the persistent extremely dry conditions, 2) a relatively thin (3 to 5 feet) overburden of unconsolidated deposits, and 3) a highly fractured and creviced bedrock surface comprised of Ordovician age Galena Dolomite.Alfalfa’s vigorous root system, which may ultimately extend to depths of 6.1 m (20 feet) or more, enables it to obtain water and nutrients moving through bedrock crevices near the top of the karst aquifer, providing the necessary moisture during the 2012 summer drought to sustain the overlying healthy alfalfa plants, whereas the remaining field area exhibited stunted and sparse plant growth. The alfalfa plants forming the crop lines tended to grow denser, taller (0.5 m vs. 0.15 m), and greener than those in adjacent areas, were clearly visible from vertical aerial photographs, and provided a visual representation of the bedrock fracture pattern below. Work on this project was funded by the Illinois State Geological Survey.The publications cited below provide background and context:Panno, S.V. and D.E. Luman. Assessment of the geology and hydrogeology of two sites for a proposed large dairy facility in Jo Daviess County near Nora, IL. Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 2008-2, 2008. https://library.isgs.illinois.edu/Pubs/pdfs/ofs/2008/ofs2008-02.pdf Panno, S.V., Philip G. Millhouse, Randy W. Nyboer, Daryl Watson, Walton R. Kelly, Lisa M. Anderson, Curtis C. Albert, and Donald E. Luman. Guide to the Geology, Hydrogeology, History, Archaeology, and Biotic Ecology of the Driftless area of Northwestern Illinois, Jo Daviess County. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 42, 2016. https://www.isgs.illinois.edu/publications/gb042 Panno, S.V., Donald E. Luman, Walton R. Kelly, Timothy H. Larson, and Stephen J. Taylor. Karst of the Driftless Area of Jo Daviess County, Illinois. Circular 586, Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2017. https://isgs.illinois.edu/maps/county-maps/karst-terrain/jo-daviess-0

In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The program supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, including the California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2008), which requires information about the distribution of ecosystems as part of the design and proposal process for the establishment of Marine Protected Areas. A focus of CSMP is to map California’s State Waters with consistent methods at a consistent scale. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology data rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. This approach and CSMP planning is based in part on recommendations of the Marine Mapping Planning Workshop (Kvitek and others, 2006), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists from around the state. That workshop established geographic priorities for a coastal mapping project and identified the need for coverage of “lands†from the shore strand line (defined as Mean Higher High Water; MHHW) out to the 3-nautical-mile (5.6-km) limit of California’s State Waters. Unfortunately, surveying the zone from MHHW out to 10-m water depth is not consistently possible using ship-based surveying methods, owing to sea state (for example, waves, wind, or currents), kelp coverage, and shallow rock outcrops. Accordingly, some of the data presented in this series commonly do not cover the zone from the shore out to 10-m depth. This data is part of a series of online U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications, each of which includes several map sheets, some explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a PDF file. Geographic information system (GIS) files that contain both ESRI ArcGIS raster grids (for example, bathymetry, seafloor character) and geotiffs (for example, shaded relief) are also included for each publication. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html (last accessed September 20, 2013). The California Seafloor Mapping Program is a collaborative venture between numerous different federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. CSMP partners include the California Coastal Conservancy, the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Geological Survey, California State University at Monterey Bay’s Seafloor Mapping Lab, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Center for Habitat Studies, Fugro Pelagos, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, including National Ocean Service–Office of Coast Surveys, National Marine Sanctuaries, and National Marine Fisheries Service), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. These web services for the Drakes Bay map area includes data layers that are associated to GIS and map sheets available from the USGS CSMP web page at https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/mapping/csmp/index.html. Each published CSMP map area includes a data catalog of geographic information system (GIS) files; map sheets that contain explanatory text; and an associated descriptive pamphlet. This web service represents the available data layers for this map area. Data was combined from different sonar surveys to generate a comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter coverage of the map area. These data reveal a range of physiographic including exposed bedrock outcrops, large fields of sand waves, as well as many human impacts on the seafloor. To validate geological and biological interpretations of the sonar data, the U.S. Geological Survey towed a camera sled over specific offshore locations, collecting both video and photographic imagery; these “ground-truth†surveying data are available from the CSMP Video and Photograph Portal at http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7J1015K. The “seafloor character†data layer shows classifications of the seafloor on the basis of depth, slope, rugosity (ruggedness), and backscatter intensity and which is further informed by the ground-truth-survey imagery. The “potential habitats†polygons are delineated on the basis of substrate type, geomorphology, seafloor process, or other attributes that may provide a habitat for a specific species or assemblage of organisms. Representative seismic-reflection profile data from the map area is also include and provides information on the subsurface stratigraphy and structure of the map area. The distribution and thickness of young sediment (deposited over the past about 21,000 years, during the most recent sea-level rise) is interpreted on the basis of the seismic-reflection data. The geologic polygons merge onshore geologic mapping (compiled from existing maps by the California Geological Survey) and new offshore geologic mapping that is based on integration of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter imagery seafloor-sediment and rock samplesdigital camera and video imagery, and high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. The information provided by the map sheets, pamphlet, and data catalog has a broad range of applications. High-resolution bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, ground-truth-surveying imagery, and habitat mapping all contribute to habitat characterization and ecosystem-based management by providing essential data for delineation of marine protected areas and ecosystem restoration. Many of the maps provide high-resolution baselines that will be critical for monitoring environmental change associated with climate change, coastal development, or other forcings. High-resolution bathymetry is a critical component for modeling coastal flooding caused by storms and tsunamis, as well as inundation associated with longer term sea-level rise. Seismic-reflection and bathymetric data help characterize earthquake and tsunami sources, critical for natural-hazard assessments of coastal zones. Information on sediment distribution and thickness is essential to the understanding of local and regional sediment transport, as well as the development of regional sediment-management plans. In addition, siting of any new offshore infrastructure (for example, pipelines, cables, or renewable-energy facilities) will depend on high-resolution mapping. Finally, this mapping will both stimulate and enable new scientific research and also raise public awareness of, and education about, coastal environments and issues.

 Web services were created using an ArcGIS service definition file. The ArcGIS REST service and OGC WMS service include all Drakes Bay map area data layers. Data layers are symbolized as shown on the associated map sheets.

CCSD is a GIS data set that contains detailed outlines of the lands used by public schools for educational purposes. The campus boundaries of schools with kindergarten through 12th grade instruction are each accurately mapped at the assessor parcel level. CCSD is the first statewide database of this information and is available for use without restriction.