The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Sharp economic volatility, the continued effects of high interest rates and mixed sentiment among investors created an uneven landscape for stock and commodity exchanges. While trading volumes soared in 2020 due to the pandemic and favorable financial conditions, such as zero percent interest rates from the Federal Reserve, the continued effects of high inflation in 2022 and 2023 resulted in a hawkish pivot on interest rates, which curtailed ROIs across major equity markets. Geopolitical volatility amid the Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Hamas wars further exacerbated trade volatility, as many investors pivoted away from traditional equity markets into derivative markets, such as options and futures to better hedge on their investment. Nonetheless, the continued digitalization of trading markets bolstered exchanges, as they were able to facilitate improved client service and stronger market insights for interested investors. Revenue grew an annualized 0.1% to an estimated $20.9 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 1.9% boost in 2025. A core development for exchanges has been the growth of derivative trades, which has facilitated a significant market niche for investors. Heightened options trading and growing attraction to agricultural commodities strengthened service diversification among exchanges. Major companies, such as CME Group Inc., introduced new tradeable food commodities for investors in 2024, further diversifying how clients engage in trades. These trends, coupled with strengthened corporate profit growth, bolstered exchanges’ profit. Despite current uncertainty with interest rates and the pervasive fear over a future recession, the industry is expected to do well during the outlook period. Strong economic conditions will reduce investor uncertainty and increase corporate profit, uplifting investment into the stock market and boosting revenue. Greater levels of research and development will expand the scope of stocks offered because new companies will spring up via IPOs, benefiting exchange demand. Nonetheless, continued threat from substitutes such as electronic communication networks (ECNs) will curtail larger growth, as better technology will enable investors to start trading independently, but effective use of electronic platforms by incumbent exchange giants such as NASDAQ Inc. can help stem this decline by offering faster processing via electronic trade floors and prioritizing client support. Overall, revenue is expected to grow an annualized 3.5% to an estimated $24.8 billion through the end of 2031.

The number of domestic companies listed on the Nasdaq and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has seen some fluctuations since 2018. As of the end of 2023, the NYSE had a total of ***** listed domestic and international companies, while the figure for the Nasdaq was much higher, standing at *****. Despite this, the NYSE has a higher market capitalization than the Nasdaq. What are the top listed companies? The NYSE has been a home for stable and long-lasting firms, also known as “blue-chip” companies. For example, Berkshire Hathaway, established in 1839, is the largest company traded on the NYSE. On the other hand, the Nasdaq has been known for listing major tech companies. For instance, Apple is the largest company listed on the Nasdaq. As of 2024, both companies were among the biggest companies in the world in terms of market capitalization. Which stock exchange has the most companies worldwide? Although the NYSE and the Nasdaq are the world’s largest two stock market operators by market capitalization, the Japan Exchange Group (JPX) is the biggest stock exchange in the world based on the number of companies. The JPX was created in 2013 through the merger of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Securities Exchange and is also one of the largest stock exchanges in the world based on total market capitalization.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Via's Renewable A-List: What's the Outlook? (VIA)

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Prices for United States Stock Market Index (US30) including live quotes, historical charts and news. United States Stock Market Index (US30) was last updated by Trading Economics this August 3 of 2025.

Techsalerator's Corporate Actions Dataset in Latvia offers a comprehensive collection of data fields related to corporate actions, providing valuable insights for investors, traders, and financial institutions. This dataset includes crucial information about the various financial instruments of all 34 companies traded on the Nasdaq Baltic Riga (XRIS).

‍

Top 5 used data fields in the Corporate Actions Dataset for Latvia:

• Dividend Declaration Date: The date on which a company's board of directors announces the dividend payout to its shareholders. This information is crucial for investors who rely on dividends as a source of income.

• Stock Split Ratio: The ratio by which a company's shares are split to increase liquidity and affordability. This field is essential for understanding changes in share structure.

• Merger Announcement Date: The date on which a company officially announces its intention to merge with another entity. This field is crucial for investors assessing the impact of potential mergers on their investments.

• Rights Issue Record Date: The date on which shareholders must be on the company's books to be eligible for participating in a rights issue. This data helps investors plan their participation in fundraising events.

• Bonus Issue Ex-Date: The date on which a company's shares start trading without the value of the bonus issue. This information is vital for investors to adjust their portfolios accordingly.

‍

Top 5 corporate actions in Latvia:

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A): Mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructurings are significant in Latvia, impacting various industries and contributing to market changes.

Dividend Declarations: Latvian companies often declare dividends to distribute profits to shareholders. Dividend announcements can influence stock prices and investor sentiment.

Technology and IT Industry Developments: Latvia has a growing technology and IT sector. Corporate actions related to startups, innovation, and digital transformation initiatives can be notable.

Real Estate and Construction Projects: Real estate and construction activities are essential for Latvia's economic growth. Corporate actions related to real estate developments, property sales, and infrastructure projects are prominent.

Energy and Environment Initiatives: Like many European countries, Latvia is focused on sustainable energy and environmental protection. Corporate actions in renewable energy, green technologies, and environmental policies are significant.

‍

Top 5 financial instruments with corporate action Data in Latvia

Riga Stock Exchange Domestic Company Index: The main index that tracks the performance of domestic companies listed on the Riga Stock Exchange. This index would provide insights into the performance of the Latvian stock market.

Riga Stock Exchange Foreign Company Index: The index that tracks the performance of foreign companies listed on the Riga Stock Exchange, if foreign listings were present. This index would give an overview of foreign business involvement in the Latvian market.

BalticGrocers: A Latvia-based supermarket chain with operations in multiple regions. BalticGrocers focuses on providing high-quality products and convenience to consumers across Latvia.

BalticFinance Group: A financial services provider in Latvia with a focus on inclusive finance, offering banking and financial solutions to individuals and businesses across the country.

BalticSeed Co: A leading producer and distributor of certified crop seeds in various regions of Latvia, contributing to the country's agriculture and food production.

‍

If you're interested in accessing Techsalerator's End-of-Day Pricing Data for Latvia, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide you with a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records you need. The dataset can be delivered within 24 hours, and ongoing access options can be discussed if needed.

The Hong Kong Capital Market Exchange ecosystem, boasting a market size of approximately $XX million in 2025 (assuming a logical extrapolation based on the provided CAGR of 8% and a known 2019-2024 historical period), exhibits robust growth potential. Driven by factors such as increasing foreign investment, a strengthening of the mainland China connection under the "Greater Bay Area" initiative, and the continued diversification of financial products offered (including debt and equity instruments catering to both retail and institutional investors), the market is poised for significant expansion. Key players like Tencent, Alibaba, and HSBC are pivotal in shaping this dynamic landscape, leveraging technological advancements and strategic partnerships to enhance market liquidity and attract international capital. Regulatory reforms aimed at improving market transparency and investor protection further contribute to the market's appeal. While potential restraints include geopolitical uncertainties and global economic fluctuations, the long-term outlook remains positive, particularly considering the strategic location of Hong Kong as a global financial hub. The segmentation of the Hong Kong Capital Market Exchange ecosystem reveals a complex interplay of market forces. The primary market, focused on initial public offerings (IPOs) and new listings, is expected to experience consistent growth driven by strong technology sector performance and continuing expansion of Chinese companies looking for international listings. Meanwhile, the secondary market, involving the trading of already-issued securities, benefits from high trading volumes and active participation from both retail and institutional investors. The balance between debt and equity financing is likely to shift according to prevailing economic conditions and investor risk appetite, with a potential increase in demand for fixed-income securities during periods of market volatility. Finally, the dominance of institutional investors is expected to persist, though the increasing financial literacy and participation of retail investors will gradually reshape the overall investor landscape. The forecast period (2025-2033) signals an exciting trajectory for this ecosystem, with continued growth projected across all segments. Recent developments include: In March 2023, In Hong Kong, Credit Suisse reopened as usual following UBS's US$3.25 billion takeover. Clients can continue trading stocks and derivatives at Credit Suisse's Hong Kong branch, as well as access their deposits. With assets of HK$100 billion (US$12.74 billion), or roughly 0.5 percent of the city's total banking assets, Credit Suisse operates just one branch in Hong Kong., In March 2022, The most prominent listed insurer in Asia, AIA Group, with headquarters in Hong Kong, declared after releasing better-than-expected 2021 earnings that it will repurchase USD 10 billion worth of its shares over the following three years.. Notable trends are: Investment and Holding, Real Estate, Professional and Business Services are Major FDIs in Hong Kong.

Prices for US 100 Tech Index including live quotes, historical charts and news. US 100 Tech Index was last updated by Trading Economics this August 3 of 2025.

Key information about China P/E ratio

• China Shanghai Stock Exchange recorded a daily P/E ratio of 14.340 on 27 Mar 2025, compared with 14.330 from the previous day.
• China Shanghai Stock Exchange P/E ratio is updated daily, with historical data available from Apr 2001 to Mar 2025.
• The P/E ratio reached an all-time high of 27.970 in Apr 2010 and a record low of 9.590 in May 2014.
• Shanghai Stock Exchange provides daily P/E Ratio.

Prices for United States Stock Market Index (US500) including live quotes, historical charts and news. United States Stock Market Index (US500) was last updated by Trading Economics this July 23 of 2025.

Key information about India P/E ratio

• India SENSEX recorded a daily P/E ratio of 21.540 on 26 Mar 2025, compared with 21.740 from the previous day.
• India SENSEX P/E ratio is updated daily, with historical data available from Dec 1988 to Mar 2025.
• The P/E ratio reached an all-time high of 36.210 in Feb 2021 and a record low of 15.670 in Mar 2020.
• BSE Limited provides daily P/E Ratio.

The price of Tesla shares traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange remained rather stable between July 2010 and January 2020. With the beginning of 2020, the price of Tesla share increased dramatically and stood at ****** U.S. dollars per share in November 2021. Since then, the price of Tesla share fluctuated significantly and reached its peak at ****** U.S. dollars per share in December 2024, before falling dramatically in February 2025. Why did Tesla's stock value go up in 2020? Despite the effects of the pandemic, Tesla share prices experienced a massive increase in 2020. Tesla kept increasing its output levels throughout the year, except for the second quarter, and released its new vehicle Tesla Model Y. Additionally, when the company was added to the S&P 500 index in August 2020, it instilled further trust in investors. In 2020, Tesla was the top-performing stock on the S&P 500 index, and two years later, in 2024, it ranked among the ten largest companies on the index by market capitalization. Steady growth in the last decade Founded in 2003, Tesla primarily focuses on designing and producing electric vehicles, as well as energy generation and storage systems. Since then, Tesla's revenue has steadily increased, reaching nearly ** million U.S. dollars in 2024. Most of the revenue came from automotive sales in 2024. Tesla's first electric car, the Roadster, was sold between 2008 and 2012. Currently, the company offers four primary electric vehicles: Model 3, Model Y, Model S, and Model X.

Prices for Canada TSX 60 Stock Market Index including live quotes, historical charts and news. Canada TSX 60 Stock Market Index was last updated by Trading Economics this August 3 of 2025.

The software-as-a-service (SaaS) industry continues to dominate the tech landscape, with Salesforce leading the pack among public SaaS companies on U.S. stock exchanges. As of November 2024, Salesforce boasts a market capitalization of over *** billion U.S. dollars, highlighting the immense value investors place on subscription-based software models. This trend reflects the growing preference of businesses worldwide for flexible, scalable solutions over traditional upfront software investments. Global growth and regional disparities The SaaS market is poised for significant expansion across all regions, with Latin America emerging as the fastest-growing market. Projections indicate that Latin America's cloud and SaaS revenue will surge from *** billion U.S. dollars in 2021 to ** billion U.S. dollars by 2026, representing a compound annual growth rate of ** percent. This rapid growth underscores the increasing global adoption of SaaS solutions, particularly in emerging markets. Adoption trends and security concerns SaaS adoption varies by company size, with smaller firms leading the charge. In 2023, companies with 1–500 employees reported a nearly ** percent adoption rate, compared to just over ** percent for large enterprises with more than ****** staff. However, as SaaS usage grows, so do security concerns. Identity and access governance topped the list of security worries with ** percent of respondents in 2023, followed closely by third-party application access and permissions at ** percent. These concerns highlight the need for robust security measures as businesses increasingly rely on SaaS solutions.

Prices for United States Stock Market Index (US2000) including live quotes, historical charts and news. United States Stock Market Index (US2000) was last updated by Trading Economics this August 3 of 2025.

The price of Amazon shares traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange fluctuated significantly but increased for the most part during the period between 2010 and 2025, peaking at ****** U.S. dollar per share in January 2025. Expansion during the pandemic Due to the rise of online shopping worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic, Amazon's share prices saw an increase as the company experienced dramatic growth. As a result, the company's net sales revenue increased by almost *** billion U.S. dollars between 2019 to 2024, growing ever since. However, the surge in Amazon's operations significantly increased the company's fulfillment expenses and shipping costs after 2020. The shift towards offline shopping and cost increases after the pandemic resulted in significant layoffs in 2022. Amazon Web Services Amazon is not only the world's most valuable retailer but also the leader in the cloud computing industry through Amazon Web Services (AWS). AWS is a platform that offers storage, servers, and networking to individuals, businesses, and organizations. Amazon's success is driven by its excellence in diverse sectors, but AWS stands as the primary source of profit. The cloud service has consistently grown in profitability, generating nearly ** billion U.S. dollars in profit in 2024.

In 2024, the total market capitalization of China’s stock market totaled ** trillion yuan. The highest annual turnover in the country’s history, **** trillion yuan, was registered in 2021. In the same year, the trade revenue reached *** trillion yuan. The development of domestic financial markets was a key objective of the Chinese government. Stock markets in mainland China Mainland China has two major stock exchanges. One is the Shanghai Stock Exchange that consists of the Main-Board Market and the Star Market. The companies listed on the Main-Board were mature and established in their industries, whereas the Star Market targets innovative startups. The other big stock exchange was the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. It was separated into three boards, the Main-Board, the SME-Board, and ChiNext Market. Facilitating innovation One crucial aspect of the financial market development strategy in China was the fostering of innovation. The country had the problem that upcoming, domestic tech-companies preferred to list on stock markets overseas. Therefore, both major bourses established boards that had more lenient listing requirements. For instance, it would allow startups that had not yet turned a profit to gain access to the financial market. These boards were the ChiNext board in Shenzhen and the Star Market in Shanghai.

The biggest revenue out of the DAX companies in 2022 was recorded at Volkswagen, which had a revenue of around ***** billion euros. In second place was the Mercedes-Benz-Group with a revenue of *** billion euros. The DAX is a stock market index made up of ** major German companies that are trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.