Data and figures from the Census Information Scheme briefing on Diversity in London (CIS2013-04).

The Mayor has a role to play in leading, shaping and responding to changes in London through the work of the GLA group. Inclusive London: the Mayor's equality, diversity and inclusion strategy sets out how he will help address the inequalities, barriers and discrimination experienced by groups protected by the Equality Act 2010, as well as wider issues. These include poverty and socio-economic inequality, and the challenges and disadvantage facing groups like young people in care, care leavers, single parents, migrants and refugees. This report, the equality, diversity and inclusion evidence base for London, informs the strategy. It presents evidence on London's diverse population, as well as the inequalities experienced by Londoners in areas such as housing, education, employment, transport, crime, health, social integration, culture and sport.

A number of characteristics of individuals are protected under the 2010 Equality Act, in order to limit the discrimination and disadvantage of groups with one or several shared characteristics. This table brings together a range of sources to present estimates of London's population by gender, age, ethnicity, religion, disability status, country of birth and sexual identity. It also shows population breakdowns for subgroups in each of these categories by broad age group and ethnicity.

The socio-economic position of individuals is not a protected characteristic, but is nonetheless an important factor affecting outcomes. The table therefore also includes social class at the household level.

Board gender diversity varied among the UK's largest banks in 2025. Women comprised an average of 44.4 percent of board directors at the ten largest banks. Three banks - HSBC, Virgin Money, and NatWest Group - had female-majority boards. Metro Bank had the lowest female representation, with women holding 27.3 percent of board seats.

The qualitative data collection consists of a total of 138 transcripts and approximately 70 observation field notes.

In detail the data collection =
1. A series of detailed observation field notes ; 2. Individual interviews (107); 3. Group interviews (31) - these were repeat interviews with the same groups meeting three times during the course of the fieldwork.

The observations and interviews were conducted with a diverse range of participants in three geographical areas which each represent different stages of urban multiculture: super-diversity (London Borough of Hackney); newly multicultural (Milton Keynes) and suburban multiculture (Oadby, Leicestershire).

The ethnically diverse participants = (29) young people in post-16 education institutions; (37) members of social-leisure organisations; (23) public park visitors/regular users and (14) locally and (4) nationally based policy actors.

The deposited data is organised into files with interview and field note data which work across the project's three geographical locations and relate to each of the research sites (colleges, parks and social-leisure organisations). There is also a public site field notes file which has data relating to observations in cafe spaces, at public festivals and events. There are two files which have the local and national policy actor interview data. There are also files with examples of project documents (consent forms and information sheets) and interview schedules. The latter contains each of the interview guides used for all the individual, repeated group and policy actor interviews.

The project asks two key questions

How do people live complex cultural difference, managing increasing cultural diversity in their everyday lives? What role does place and locality play in this process?

There is growing interest as to the ways in which ethnically complex populations routinely interact in convivial and competent ways. Exploring the dynamics and limits of this competency - and its relationship to places that have long and short histories of multiculture - is at the heart of the research. In a context of dispersing multiculture the need to focus on issues of space and place is particularly important since less research has been done on suburbs, large towns and small cities with little or no histories of multiculture and/or ethnic tension.

The project's core aims are to contribute to new social and spatial understandings of multiculture and to inform appropriate policy responses. It employs a mixed qualitative methodology in three case study areas chosen for the different windows they offer onto the new geographies of multiculture in England.This combined methods approach combines individual, semi-structured interviews, repeated (meeting three times) in-depth discussion group interviews and participant observation. Informed by psychotherapeutic approaches these methods allow the research team to observe, experience and ask about the types of social relations, convivial exchanges and quotidian skills that underpin lived multiculture.

This statistic shows the distribution of ethnic groups of Inner London, United Kingdom (UK) at the time of the 2011 National Census. 'White' is the largest group, at 57.2 percent of the population, followed by 'Black / African / Caribbean / Black British,' and Asian / Asian British.'

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the median household income across different racial categories in New London. It portrays the median household income of the head of household across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into economic disparities and trends and explore the variations in median houshold income for diverse racial categories.

Key observations

Based on our analysis of the distribution of New London population by race & ethnicity, the population is predominantly White. This particular racial category constitutes the majority, accounting for 88.33% of the total residents in New London. Notably, the median household income for White households is $63,178. Interestingly, White is both the largest group and the one with the highest median household income, which stands at $63,178.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race of the head of household: This column presents the self-identified race of the household head, encompassing all relevant racial categories (excluding ethnicity) applicable in New London.
• Median household income: Median household income, adjusting for inflation, presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

In a survey conducted in July 2021 about the whether respondents think that diversity and inclusion in companies and institutions in the United Kingdom had improved or worsened in the last six months, 47.9 percent of the respondents said that it had improved a little, whereas 11.4 percent of respondents said that it had got a little worse.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the detailed breakdown of the count of individuals within distinct income brackets, categorizing them by gender (men and women) and employment type - full-time (FT) and part-time (PT), offering valuable insights into the diverse income landscapes within London. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based income distribution within the London population, aiding in data analysis and decision-making..

Key observations

• Employment patterns: Within London, among individuals aged 15 years and older with income, there were 3,799 men and 3,796 women in the workforce. Among them, 2,132 men were engaged in full-time, year-round employment, while 1,526 women were in full-time, year-round roles.
• Annual income under $24,999: Of the male population working full-time, 1.74% fell within the income range of under $24,999, while 8.13% of the female population working full-time was represented in the same income bracket.
• Annual income above $100,000: 31.80% of men in full-time roles earned incomes exceeding $100,000, while 11.73% of women in full-time positions earned within this income bracket.
• Refer to the research insights for more key observations on more income brackets ( Annual income under $24,999, Annual income between $25,000 and $49,999, Annual income between $50,000 and $74,999, Annual income between $75,000 and $99,999 and Annual income above $100,000) and employment types (full-time year-round and part-time)

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Income brackets:

• $1 to $2,499 or loss
• $2,500 to $4,999
• $5,000 to $7,499
• $7,500 to $9,999
• $10,000 to $12,499
• $12,500 to $14,999
• $15,000 to $17,499
• $17,500 to $19,999
• $20,000 to $22,499
• $22,500 to $24,999
• $25,000 to $29,999
• $30,000 to $34,999
• $35,000 to $39,999
• $40,000 to $44,999
• $45,000 to $49,999
• $50,000 to $54,999
• $55,000 to $64,999
• $65,000 to $74,999
• $75,000 to $99,999
• $100,000 or more

Variables / Data Columns

• Income Bracket: This column showcases 20 income brackets ranging from $1 to $100,000+..
• Full-Time Males: The count of males employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Males: The count of males employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket
• Full-Time Females: The count of females employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Females: The count of females employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

Four focus groups of 15 individuals each were conducted in greater London and Birmingham in adjacent locales, one diverse, one more homogeneous. Locations were Croydon and Bromley in Greater London, and Lozells and Sutton Coldfield in Greater Birmingham. Participants were paid £30 apiece for their time and recruited by a Recruitment company.

Respondents were asked about perceptions of immigration and residential choice. We explored the 'halo' effect among those in whiter areas living in proximity to diversity, and the 'contact' effect of whites living with minorities in diverse areas. The former is theorised to increase threat perceptions of diversity, the latter to mitigate them.

Questions also explored ethnically motivated 'white flight' or whether social ties and amenities account for ethnic sorting. The link between immigration and issues of fairness, housing, services and employment was also broached.

Locations and dates:

3rd April, East Croydon United Reform Church, 6-7.30pm (diverse area) 8th April, Hayes Village Hall, Bromley, 6-7.30pm (White area)

9th April, Trinity Centre, Sutton Coldfield. 6-7.30pm (White area) 10th April, Lozells Methodist Community Centre, Birmingham, 6-7.30pm (diverse area)

This project advances the hypothesis that ethnic change in England and Wales is associated with white working-class ‘exit,’ ‘voice’, or ‘accommodation’. ‘Voice’ is manifested as a rise in ethnic nationalist voting and anti-immigration sentiment and ‘exit’ as outmigration from, or avoidance of, diverse locales. Once areas reach a threshold of minority population share, however, these initial responses may give way to ‘accommodation’ in the form of decreased ethno-nationalist voting, reduced anti-immigration sentiment and lower white outmigration. In the course of our investigation, we ask the policy-relevant question: do residential integration and minority acculturation calm or fuel white working-class exit and voice? In other words, does contact improve ethnic relations or do ‘good fences make good neighbours’? This research adds to existing scholarship by integrating individual data with a more complex array of contextual variables, blending quantitative methods with focus-group qualitative research.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify households in England and Wales by the diversity in ethnic group of household members in different relationships. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Multiple ethnic groups in household (6 categories)

Classifies households by whether members identify as having the same or different ethnic groups.

If multiple ethnic groups are present, this identifies whether they differ between generations or partnerships within the household.

This tool has been specifically designed to support the Workforce Data Equality Guide. It holds data on London’s population across some of the key characteristics outlined in the guide to provide an easy way to begin benchmarking your own workforce data with respect to London’s diversity.

In 2011, 87.2 percent of the total population of the United Kingdom were white British. A positive net migration in recent years combined with the resultant international relationships following the wide-reaching former British Empire has contributed to an increasingly diverse population.

Varied ethnic backgrounds

Black British citizens, with African and/or African-Caribbean ancestry, are the largest ethnic minority population, at three percent of the total population. Indian Britons are one of the largest overseas communities of the Indian diaspora and make up 2.3 percent of the total UK population. Pakistani British citizens, who make up almost two percent of the UK population, have one of the highest levels of home ownership in Britain.

Racism in the United Kingdom

Though it has decreased in comparison to the previous century, the UK has seen an increase in racial prejudice during the first decade and a half of this century. Racism and discrimination continues to be part of daily life for Britain’s ethnic minorities, especially in terms of work, housing, and health issues. Moreover, the number of hate crimes motivated by race reported since 2012 has increased, and in 2017/18, there were 3,368 recorded offenses of racially or religiously aggravated assault with injury, almost a thousand more than in 2013/14.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the detailed breakdown of the count of individuals within distinct income brackets, categorizing them by gender (men and women) and employment type - full-time (FT) and part-time (PT), offering valuable insights into the diverse income landscapes within New London. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based income distribution within the New London population, aiding in data analysis and decision-making..

Key observations

• Employment patterns: Within New London, among individuals aged 15 years and older with income, there were 996 men and 864 women in the workforce. Among them, 432 men were engaged in full-time, year-round employment, while 325 women were in full-time, year-round roles.
• Annual income under $24,999: Of the male population working full-time, 12.27% fell within the income range of under $24,999, while 19.38% of the female population working full-time was represented in the same income bracket.
• Annual income above $100,000: 15.51% of men in full-time roles earned incomes exceeding $100,000, while 10.15% of women in full-time positions earned within this income bracket.
• Refer to the research insights for more key observations on more income brackets ( Annual income under $24,999, Annual income between $25,000 and $49,999, Annual income between $50,000 and $74,999, Annual income between $75,000 and $99,999 and Annual income above $100,000) and employment types (full-time year-round and part-time)

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Income brackets:

• $1 to $2,499 or loss
• $2,500 to $4,999
• $5,000 to $7,499
• $7,500 to $9,999
• $10,000 to $12,499
• $12,500 to $14,999
• $15,000 to $17,499
• $17,500 to $19,999
• $20,000 to $22,499
• $22,500 to $24,999
• $25,000 to $29,999
• $30,000 to $34,999
• $35,000 to $39,999
• $40,000 to $44,999
• $45,000 to $49,999
• $50,000 to $54,999
• $55,000 to $64,999
• $65,000 to $74,999
• $75,000 to $99,999
• $100,000 or more

Variables / Data Columns

• Income Bracket: This column showcases 20 income brackets ranging from $1 to $100,000+..
• Full-Time Males: The count of males employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Males: The count of males employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket
• Full-Time Females: The count of females employed full-time year-round and earning within a specified income bracket
• Part-Time Females: The count of females employed part-time and earning within a specified income bracket

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

According to the 2021 Census, the population of England and Wales was more diverse in younger generations than in older ones. As of this year, approximately 73 percent of Generation Alpha in England and Wales, the youngest generation, belonged to the white ethnic group, compared with 95 percent of the Pre-War generation.

This statistic shows a ranking of the most diverse centres for retail in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013, as an index measurement of retail diversity (0.1 being the highest score, equalling maximum diversity). Central London ranked the highest with a score of 0.87 for the variety of retail stores in the area.

Ethnic diversity in creative industries differed by sector in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019. The IT, software, and computer services sector employed a share of 14 percent of individuals with BAME background, while the games sector counted for 10 percent of BAME employees.

  Employment within the creative industries in the UK

The number of employees in the creative industries has increased in the UK, rising from nearly 1.6 million workers in 2011 to over two million in 2018. The highest increase in the number of employees was observed within the IT, software and computer services sector, with 250 thousand more individuals employed in 2018 compared to 2011. Over the same period, the number of employees within museums, galleries, and libraries remained at similar levels.

Racism in the UK

A survey conducted by YouGov in June 2020 revealed that 44 percent of individuals in Great Britain believed that the UK was a fairly racist society, while eight percent considered the UK ‘very racist’. In addition, nearly half of the respondents over 65 years old thought that the UK was a racist society, with 43 percent saying it was a ‘fairly racist’ society and four percent believing it was a very racist one. In comparison, 47 percent of the 18-24 year old respondents thought that the UK was a fairly racist society and 14 percent believed it to be very racist.

The aboriginal populations chart shows the composition of the aboriginal population in a municipality.

The population of London was approximately 8.9 million in 2023, an increase of over two million people when compared with the early 1980s. Throughout the 1980s, the population of the United Kingdom's capital grew at a relatively slow rate, before accelerating to a much faster rate in the 1990s. London is by far the largest city / urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom, more than three times larger than the next largest cities of Manchester and Birmingham. London’s forecasted population is expected to continue growing at much the same pace it has been growing since the mid-1990s and reach almost 9.8 million by 2042. London boroughs As of 2022, the London borough with the highest population was Croydon, at approximately 392,224, followed by Barnet at 389,101. Overall, London is divided into 33 different boroughs, with London's historic center, the City of London having by far the smallest population, at just 10,847. Residents of the City of London, however, have the highest average median weekly earnings among all of London's boroughs, at 1,138 pounds per week, compared with just 588 pounds per week in Redbridge, the lowest average weekly earnings among London boroughs. While the overall unemployment rate for London was 4.3 percent in early 2023, this ranged from 6.8 percent in Brent, to just 2.3 percent in Kingston upon Thames.
Economic imbalance Aside from being the UK's largest city in terms of population, London is also undoubtedly the UK's cultural, political and economic center. As of 2021, the GDP of Greater London was approximately 496.4 billion British pounds, just over 23 percent of the UK's overall GDP. In the same year, GDP per person in London was 56,431 pounds compared with the UK average of 31,947 pounds. Additionally, productivity in London is far higher than the UK average. As measured by output per hour worked, London was 33.2 percent more productive than the rest of the UK.