Research on the night time economy in the city of London showed that 42 percent of residents were running errands and other every day tasks in the evening. According to the survey, 23 percent were going to work in the evenings and/or at night, and an almost equal share would be socializing in a pub or bar.

United Kingdom Unemployment Rate: sa: England: London data was reported at 4.667 % in Aug 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.876 % for May 2018. United Kingdom Unemployment Rate: sa: England: London data is updated quarterly, averaging 7.600 % from May 1992 (Median) to Aug 2018, with 106 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.300 % in Nov 1993 and a record low of 4.667 % in Aug 2018. United Kingdom Unemployment Rate: sa: England: London data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G033: Unemployment Rate: By Region: Seasonally Adjusted.

In 2023, London GDP shrank by 0.5 percent, compared with growth of 7.9 percent in 2022.

The gross domestic product of the United Kingdom in 2024 was around 2.78 trillion British pounds, an increase when compared to the previous year, when UK GDP amounted to about 2.75 trillion pounds. The significant drop in GDP visible in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the smaller declines in 2008 and 2009 because of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Low growth problem in the UK Despite growing by 0.9 percent in 2024, and 0.4 percent in 2023 the UK economy is not that much larger than it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since recovering from a huge fall in GDP in the second quarter of 2020, the UK economy has alternated between periods of contraction and low growth, with the UK even in a recession at the end of 2023. While economic growth picked up somewhat in 2024, GDP per capita is lower than it was in 2022, following two years of negative growth. UK's global share of GDP falling As of 2024, the UK had the sixth-largest economy in the world, behind the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India. Among European nations, this meant that the UK currently has the second-largest economy in Europe, although the economy of France, Europe's third-largest economy, is of a similar size. The UK's global economic ranking will likely fall in the coming years, however, with the UK's share of global GDP expected to fall from 2.16 percent in 2025 to 2.02 percent by 2029.  

United Kingdom Number of New Issues: UK data was reported at 9.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.000 Unit for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: UK data is updated monthly, averaging 4.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.000 Unit in Mar 2018 and a record low of 2.000 Unit in Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.

The Night Time Commission was set up to provide independent advice to the Mayor as to the sustainable development of London’s night time economy. GLA Opinion Research and Statistics was commissioned to conduct quantitative and qualitative research into the opinions and behaviours of Londoners at night. The following research is outlined below:

• Dec 2017 to Jan 2018 – 6 focus groups (each with 6-8 participants) with Londoners, and 4 face-to-face interviews with night-time workers.
• Complementary moderated discussions on Talk London, the GLA’s online research community
• 26 Feb 2018 to 1 Mar 2018 – representative polling with 1,058 adult Londoners, conducted by YouGov

More detail on the sample and content covered is provided in the report below. This data should be understood alongside concurrent research presented by GLA Economics in the main London at Night report.

Research on the night time economy in the city of London showed that 36 percent of residents find it too expensive to go out at night in London. Just over a quarter were not particularly interested, and 19 percent said they did not have enough free time. Some also said they did not feel safe in the city at night.

Skills for Londoners is the first dedicated post-16 skills and adult education strategy produced by a London Mayor.

It sets out the contextual skills challenges London faces, along with the priorities and actions required to make the London skills system the envy of the world and achieve the Mayor’s vision for: ‘A City for all Londoners – making sure Londoners, employers and businesses get the skills they need to succeed in a fair, inclusive society and thriving economy’

The Skills for Londoners Consultation Findings provides a high-level summary and analysis of the issues raised during the consultation of the draft strategy, from technical stakeholders, members of the public and opinion research. This allowed the Mayor to have proper regard to the consultation responses when deciding whether to approve the final version of the strategy.

See below the opinion research and responses to Talk London that were considered as part of the strategy consultation.

In 2023, the gross domestic product of London was approximately *** billion British pounds, compared with *** billion pounds in 2022.

This statistic shows the United Kingdom (UK) financial and insurance industries gross value added (GVA) as a share of the UK's total economic output. It can be seen that in the years running up to the global financial crisis the United Kingdoms finance and insurance industry became a major factor of its economic gross value added output. in 2009 (one year post financial crisis) the UK's finance and insurance industry accounted for nine percent of its GVA. Since then there has been a steady decrease amounting to 6.9 percent as of 2018. In 2017, London accounted for almost half of financial sectors GVA.

United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: Others data was reported at 26.000 Unit in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 64.000 Unit for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: Others data is updated monthly, averaging 28.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.000 Unit in Apr 2018 and a record low of 20.000 Unit in Aug 2018. United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.

The United Kingdom's economy grew by 1.1 percent in 2024, after a growth rate of 0.3 percent in 2023, 5.1 percent in 2022, 8.5 percent in 2021, and a record ten percent fall in 2020. During the provided time period, the biggest annual fall in gross domestic product before 2020 occurred in 2009, when the UK economy contracted by 4.6 percent at the height of the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Before 2021, the year with the highest annual GDP growth rate was 1973, when the UK economy grew by 6.5 percent. UK economy growing but GDP per capita falling In 2022, the UK's GDP per capita amounted to approximately 37,371 pounds, with this falling to 37,028 pounds in 2023, and 36,977 pounds in 2024. While the UK economy as a whole grew during this time, the UK's population grew at a faster rate, resulting in the negative growth in GDP per capita. This suggests the UK economy's struggles with productivity are not only stagnating, but getting worse. The relatively poor economic performance of the UK in recent years has not gone unnoticed by the electorate, with the economy consistently seen as the most important issue for voters since 2022. Recent shocks to UK economy In the second quarter of 2020, the UK economy shrank by a record 20.3 percent at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there was a relatively swift economic recovery initially, the economy has struggled to grow much beyond its pre-pandemic size, and was only around 3.1 percent larger in December 2024, when compared with December 2019. Although the labor market has generally been quite resilient during this time, a long twenty-month period between 2021 and 2023 saw prices rise faster than wages, and inflation surge to a high of 11.1 percent in October 2022.

United Kingdom Number of New Issues data was reported at 10.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.000 Unit for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues data is updated monthly, averaging 6.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.000 Unit in Mar 2018 and a record low of 2.000 Unit in Aug 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.

The city of Paris in France had an estimated gross domestic product of 757.6 billion Euros in 2021, the most of any European city. Paris was followed by the spanish capital, Madrid, which had a GDP of 237.5 billion Euros, and the Irish capital, Dublin at 230 billion Euros. Milan, in the prosperous north of Italy, had a GDP of 228.4 billion Euros, 65 billion euros larger than the Italian capital Rome, and was the largest non-capital city in terms of GDP in Europe. The engine of Europe Among European countries, Germany had by far the largest economy, with a gross domestic product of over 4.18 trillion Euros. The United Kingdom or France have been Europe's second largest economy since the 1980s, depending on the year, with forecasts suggesting France will overtake the UK going into the 2020s. Germany however, has been the biggest European economy for some time, with five cities (Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Frankfurt) among the 15 largest European cities by GDP. Europe's largest cities In 2023, Moscow was the largest european city, with a population of nearly 12.7 million. Paris was the largest city in western Europe, with a population of over 11 million, while London was Europe's third-largest city at 9.6 million inhabitants.

The London Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory (LEGGI) is an emissions inventory which quantifies greenhouse gas emissions released to the environment from activities in London. It also quantifies emissions removed through Land Use, Land Change and Forestry sector activities. It is produced on an annual basis to measure progress against the Mayor's emissions reduction targets for London. The inventory provides emissions in the following five categories: I. Stationary Energy II. Transport III. Waste IV. Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) V. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) Publications earlier than the 2018 LEGGI only included emissions in the first two of these categories. However, LEGGI now provides estimates of these additional sectors for earlier years. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting restrictions introduced in 2020 across London and the UK had major impacts on various aspects of society and the economy, which had a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. 2020 statistics should therefore be cited with caution. In 2022, London’s emissions were 28.40 million tonnes (MtCO 2 e). Over the short-term, emissions went down from 31.94 MtCO 2 e in 2019 (pre-pandemic), to 28.37MtCO 2 e in 2021 and then in 2022 there was a very small ‘pandemic rebound effect’ as emissions increased to 28.40 MtCO 2 e. Over the longer term, emissions are 37 per cent lower than 1990 levels and 44 per cent below the peak of emissions in 2000. Despite a 30 per cent increase in population since 1990 and significant economic growth over that period, London’s per capita emissions have reduced by 52 per cent, from 6.7 tCO 2 e in 1990 to 3.2 tCO 2 e in 2022. Compared to the rest of the UK, London has the lowest per capita emissions of any region.

United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Transfer to Main Market data was reported at 0.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Unit for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Transfer to Main Market data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.000 Unit in Jun 2018 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in Oct 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Transfer to Main Market data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.

United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Introductions & Others data was reported at 3.000 Unit in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 Unit for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Introductions & Others data is updated monthly, averaging 2.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.000 Unit in Mar 2018 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in Sep 2018. United Kingdom Number of New Issues: Introductions & Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.

United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: International data was reported at 6.000 Unit in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.000 Unit for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: International data is updated monthly, averaging 6.000 Unit from Jan 2018 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.000 Unit in Oct 2018 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in Jan 2018. United Kingdom Number of Further Issues: International data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by London Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.Z012: London Stock Exchange: Number of Issues and Cancellations.