In 2021, there were approximately ******* Indian residents living in London, the most of any foreign nationality. Nigerian nationals numbered *******, and were the second most common nationality in this year.

The purpose of this research was to find out what Polish immigrants do with the variation that exists in the English language around them. Do they attach social meanings to it? Do they pick it up and copy it? Or do they do something else? To find out, we collected and analysed language data from British-born and Polish-born adolescents living in Edinburgh and London. Polish immigrants included in the study use non-standard features of English but the patterns associated with their use are not the same as those found among UK-born adolescents. That is, Polish adolescents are not copying native speakers wholesale; they are re-interpreting variation in English. This finding has also recently been reported in work on dialect contact and long-term contact. Our project adds weight to the importance of this principle. This project investigates the phenomenon of integration among migrant pupils and aims to find out what happens to immigrants when they come to a new country. One way to examine this is by using sociolinguistic methods to study the language variety migrants acquire once they have settled in a country. To do this, the project investigates the acquisition and sociolinguistic variation of local and non-local non-standard linguistic features among pupils of Polish descent in schools in London and Edinburgh. The large group of newcomers from Poland represents a unique chance to conduct a comparative study in two locales with different local dialects. It will show how immersion in differing contexts of language variation influences migrants' speech. Sociolinguistic methods are used to document how migrant pupils speak, and compare them to a local control group of age-matched teenagers. This reveals where the linguistic features Polish pupils use come from. By studying pupils' language attitudes and the language norms they're aware of, researchers can find out about the motivations behind different patterns of language use. Attitudes may influence what linguistic features pupils use, and how they indicate through language who they are becoming. Linguistic production data were collected from 16 Polish migrants living in Edinburgh (8 males, 8 females) and 21 Polish adolescents living in London (8 males, 13 females). A comparable corpus of 21 Edinburgh and 24 London-born adolescents attending the same schools as the Polish adolescents was also collected to provide a benchmark for the types of ‘Edinburgh English’ and ‘London English’ to which these Polish adolescents are regularly exposed. Sociolinguistic face-to-face interviews were carried out between all participants and a female researcher from Edinburgh and London respectively. The primary tool used to elicit perception data was the Verbal Guise Technique (VGT). 8 university-educated females were recorded reading a short text about an animal rescue operation that was taken from Newsround (http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/uk/default.stm). Efforts were made to match the guise recordings for voice quality and speech rate but the guises all had different accents (representing Edinburgh English, London English Received Pronunciation, Scottish Standard English, Manchester English, Birmingham English, Newcastle English and Polish English). Subjective evaluations to these 8 guises were elicited from the adolescents using a semantic differential scale.

These workbooks contain the supporting data that sits behind GLA Economics Current Issues Notes 58 and 59. The Government recently set out plans for a ‘skills-based’ immigration system post-Brexit. To inform debate, GLA Economics has produced two Current Issues Notes aimed at understanding which areas of London’s labour market are likely to be most affected by the proposals. Current Issues Note 58: Which occupations may be most affected by the new £30,000 minimum salary and RQF3+ skills threshold proposals? Who works in these roles? How does the list of affected occupations change as the salary threshold is reduced towards £21,000? Current Issues Note 59: In which occupations is the greatest disruption most likely from the proposed £30,000 minimum salary and RQF3+ skills threshold proposals? Notes:

In 2024, approximately 948,000 million people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 517,000 people migrated from the UK, resulting in a net migration figure of 431,000. There have consistently been more people migrating to the United Kingdom than leaving it since 1993 when the net migration figure was negative 1,000. Although migration from the European Union has declined since the Brexit vote of 2016, migration from non-EU countries accelerated rapidly from 2021 onwards. In the year to June 2023, 968,000 people from non-EU countries migrated to the UK, compared with 129,000 from EU member states. Immigration and the 2024 election Since late 2022, immigration, along with the economy and healthcare, has consistently been seen by UK voters as one of the top issues facing the country. Despite a pledge to deter irregular migration via small boats, and controversial plans to send asylum applicants to Rwanda while their claims are being processed, Rishi Sunak's Conservative government lost the trust of the public on this issue. On the eve of the last election, 20 percent of Britons thought the Labour Party would be the best party to handle immigration, compared with 13 percent who thought the Conservatives would handle it better. Sunak and the Conservatives went on to lose this election, suffering their worst defeat in modern elections. Historical context of migration The first humans who arrived in the British Isles, were followed by acts of conquest and settlement from Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In the early modern period, there were also significant waves of migration from people fleeing religious or political persecution, such as the French Huguenots. More recently, large numbers of people also left Britain. Between 1820 and 1957, for example, around 4.5 million people migrated from Britain to America. After World War Two, immigration from Britain's colonies and former colonies was encouraged to meet labour demands. A key group that migrated from the Caribbean between the late 1940s and early 1970s became known as the Windrush generation, named after one of the ships that brought the arrivals to Britain.

Introduction The 2023 mid-year estimate (MYE) is the current official estimate of the population for local authorities in England and Wales. Estimates are produced annually by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the 2023 MYE was published on 15 July 2024. Comparison to previous MYE data The previous MYE series (for the period 2012-2020) starts with the 2011 census estimate. Each subsequent year’s population is calculated by adding estimates of births, deaths and migration to the previous year’s population. The 2021 MYE represents a break in this series as it uses the 2021 census as its base. The ONS revised the 2012-2020 MYE series to bring it in line with the 2021 MYE, so that comparisons could be made between between this series and the previous series. The values plotted on the chart are the revised values of the previously published estimates for 2011 to 2022, together with the estimates for 2023. Key Points London’s mid-2023 population was 8.945 million London’s population increased by 76,300 persons compared to the previous mid-year value Components of change were as follows: 105,100 births and 53,500 deaths (natural change of 51,600) Net domestic migration was an outflow of 129,200 Net international migration was an inflow of 154,100 Population Change London’s 2023 population was 8,945,310. The first chart below shows the 2023 MYE in the context of previous estimates. There is an uptick after a temporary decrease in population which we attribute to the COVID-19 pandemic. Components of Change Births, deaths and migration form the components of population change. The 2023 MYE value for births was 4% lower than that in 2022, and for deaths 3% higher. The consequent value for natural change (births - deaths) was 10% lower than in 2022. At -129,000, the value for domestic migration (migration within the UK) was nearly 3% higher than the 2022 value, so still significantly lower than the peak net outflow during the COVID-19 pandemic of -186,000. An outflow of domestic migrants from London is normal and this has been the case each year for the last two decades. This flow is partly because many international in-migrants initially settle in London before moving out to other parts of the UK. The second move in this sequence is counted as a domestic migration. There has been a marked change in immigration since 2021. This can be attributed to the end of free movement for EU nationals, easing of travel restrictions following the COVID 19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. At over 150,000, the 2023 MYE value for London’s net international migration was more than 18% higher than 2022, and represents a considerable increase from 78,000 in 2021. Age structure of the population Future Updates The release of the next mid-year estimates is expected in July 2025. The full ONS mid-year population estimates release and back series can be found on the ONS website: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates. For information relating to London’s population see the demography pages of the London Datastore: https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ or email demography@london.gov.uk. An in-depth review of the available evidence for population change in London since the start of the coronavirus pandemic has been produced by GLA Demography: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/population-change-in-london-during-the-pandemic.

On 17th November 2011 the Office for National Statistics (ONS) as part of their Migration Statistics Improvement Programme (MSIP) released their improved methodology for producing local authority long-term migration estimates within England and Wales. This Update presents a brief overview of the improved migration methodology adopted by the ONS in respect to its impact on migration and population estimates. Improvements to the immigration distributional methodology has impacted on both the estimated number of migrants and total population between 2006 and 2010. The number of immigrants in London as a result is estimated to have risen by 129.8 thousand (2006 to 2010) compared to previous figures. Ten London boroughs are in the top 20 local authorities for upward indicative revisions in their population estimates.

In 2020/21 there were approximately 696,000 Polish nationals living in the United Kingdom, the highest non-British population at this time. Indian and Irish were the joint second-largest nationalities at approximately 370,000 people.

In the second quarter of 2025, approximately 81.5 percent of people born in the European Union but living in the UK were employed, compared with 74.6 percent for the UK-born population, and 75.6 percent for people outside the EU and UK. Since 2006, the employment rate for people born in the EU has consistently been higher than UK nationals and non-EU nationals.

In the twelve months to December 2024, approximately 948,000 people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 517,000 emigrated away from the country, resulting in a net migration figure of 431,000.

Tweets related to immigration made by Breitbart London between February 2014 and October 2022.

The French constitute a significant and growing migrant population in the UK, and in particular, London. With a notable concentration employed in highly-skilled occupations, they have been overlooked in migration research which tends to focus on more marginalised and disadvantaged migrant labour. This project will explore the migratory, occupational and settlement careers of highly-skilled French professionals working in London’s financial and business sectors, and contribute to our understanding of their economic, social and cultural role. In examining the interplay of factors shaping migration, occupation and settlement decision-making in this context, the project will inform our understanding of the dynamics of intra-European mobility amongst the highly skilled, and of its policy implications at local, regional, national and EU levels. The study is informed by a qualitative methodology, in the form of semi-structured interviews and focus groups, designed to capture the rich personal narratives of this migrant population’s experiences. The data aims to capture the complexity and diversity of this population through the incorporation of variables such as gender, age, ethnicity, length of residence in London, employment status and family circumstances. In depth semi-structured interviews and a focus group

UK residents by broad country of birth and citizenship groups, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This qualitative study examines Polish migration to London in the context of Poland joining the European Union (EU). The study consists of semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Polish community in London, Polish centres and church groups. There are also three focus groups conducted with recent Polish migrants to London. Recent Polish migration has been seen as transient, involving short periods of migration and frequent returns to the home country. The study explores Polish migrants' attitudes to living in London, their expected duration of stay and their plans to return home. It analyses how Poland’s accession to the EU impacts on migrants’ attitudes to settling in the UK. It also examines the social networks used by Polish migrants and how these networks provide information, practical support (e.g. jobs), as well as friendship, asking if these networks aid settlement or reinforce transience. Further information is available from the ESRC's award web page. Main Topics: Polish migration, EU enlargement, social networks. Purposive selection/case studies Face-to-face interview Focus group

This statistic shows the last country of residence given by passengers of the HMT Empire Windrush which docked at Tilbury near London on 21 June 1948. As the statistic illustrates, most of the passengers disembarking at London gave Jamaica as their last country of residence. Post-war migration from the Caribbean to Britain is heavily associated with this particular journey, giving rise to the term 'Windrush generation'.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The purpose of this survey was to investigate non-Maltese peoples' contacts with and knowledge of Maltese living in London, to provide some estimates of the general distribution of the attitudes towards Maltese and the Maltese community. The main items on which information was sought were the extent of respondents' contact with Maltese people, their knowledge and acceptance of the Maltese `bad name', their judgment on whether or not it should be regarded as a collectively responsible group. Main Topics: Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions Visits to Malta (reasons), knowledge of Maltese people in London, estimated Maltese population in Greater London, whether Maltese community considered 'close-knit', whether Maltese are easily recognisable, whether respondent would classify the Maltese as white, coloured or somewhere in-between. Respondents asked to guess at the reactions of a law-abiding, Maltese person to: unwarranted suspicion from the police, hearing a friend is under suspicion. Opinion of the Maltese bad reputation, opinion about reasons for Maltese crime (whose fault), suggested preventive action. Degree of responsibility the Maltese community should exercise over its members, suggested methods of control for use within the Maltese community. Whether Maltese immigrants are treated fairly, whether Britain helps Malta enough, whether immigration into UK should be encouraged, opinion on Maltese assimilation into British society. Background Variables Age, place of birth, marital status, number of children, length of residence in London. Present and previous occupation, length of service, age finished full-time education, any military service (specify), religion, political support.

This is a .csv file containing an export obtained from the Altmetric Explorer containing metadata including links and altmetrics of 1,095 articles with the keyword 'immigrants’ mentioned at least once in the sources tracked by Altmetric in the past 1 year. This is the result of a 'dumb search' for the keyword "immigrants" in all articles mentioned across all sources tracked by Altmetric during the past 1 year. Therefore data in the dataset will require manual refining depending on your interests. (For example the term can be used in relation to animals, not humans). The dataset is also likely to require deduplication. This dataset is shared as the British Prime Minister David Cameron has been reported warning that "illegal immigrants would be removed from the UK". This dataset is shared as a .csv file as a means to offer a bibliographic collection of academic/scientific articles including the keyword "immigrants" and to have a fixed data point documenting the articles with the keyword 'immigrants' tracked by Altmetric and their metrics as of 30 July 2015 at around 9:30 AM BST. The links and metrics included in the dataset were correct at the time of exporting the report. Metrics are expected to change in reports obtained at later dates. Hopefully the sharing of this dataset can encourage research into which of these articles about immigration are available open access and which ones are not, as well as the tracking of future changes in their metrics. With gratitude to Altmetric for enabling access to the data.

Dataset of in-depth interviews on immigrant work strategies in the UK, carried out in London with immigrants from Ghana, Portugal, Romania and Turkey. These interviews followed on after a questionnaire survey with 155 respondents. The collection also includes some interviews with experts and gatekeepers, as well as informal interviews and notes from discussions with NGOs, religious ministers and local government personnel. Interviews focused on immigrants experience in the labour market and how immigrant economic and social work strategies are shaped or mediated by their social networks. Immigrant work strategies and their social networks are likely to have a considerable effect on their settlement patterns and their accommodation and integration into the local and national community. This project by the Centre on Migration, Policy, and Society (COMPAS) at the University of Oxford investigated the role of immigrant work strategies and their networks in the process of integration into the UK, and specifically in London. There is a perception in Britain today that asylum seekers and irregular migrants are driving the growth of a hitherto non-existent informal economy. Deregulated labour markets lead to flexible and casualized labour and this in turn can lead to high and low wage sectors, unregulated work and an informal sector. The public perception is that immigrants and other ethnic minorities are the direct cause of these effects. By charting the work strategies (including formal and informal work) of several groups of recently arrived migrants, this research sought to explore how these strategies are shaped or mediated by their social networks. It focused on four immigrant groups – Ghanaians, Portuguese, Romanians and Turkish – and one sample of British-born people. It aimed to provide in-depth knowledge about immigrant work strategies and trajectories in a globalized and segmented labour market; to illustrate the importance of immigrant social networks, both transnational and local, in the process of settlement and immigrant accommodation into a culturally diverse society; and to highlight the importance of processes of immigrant participation and inclusion in a culturally diverse society. Follow-up in-depth interviews conducted with the most ‘informative’ subjects that had participated in a survey covering demographic questions and other specific information with immigrants. Also semi-structured interviews with ‘experts’ and ‘gate-keepers’. An approximate equal number of women and men were included in order to cover gender differences. The interviews were taped wherever possible, although given the delicate nature of the topic being addressed (involving informality and illegality), some preferred not to be recorded. A snow-ball technique was adopted in the selection of samples fro the survey and multiple access points sought, in order to minimize sample bias. NVivo was used to order qualitative data.

These are the summaries of the interviews and the preliminary codes and themes that were created for this project.