Percentage of total wealth owned by households in each decile for London and Great Britain. Data extracted from the ONS Wealth and Assets Survey (WAS) microdata. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more.

The Mayors Health Inequalities Strategy sets out his plans to tackle unfair differences in health to make London a healthier, fairer city. This dataset reports the 14 headline population health indicators that will be used to monitor London’s progress in reducing health inequalities over the next ten years. The themes of the indicators are listed below. The measures will monitor an identified inequality gap between defined populations. Healthy life expectancy at birth – male Healthy life expectancy at birth – female Children born with low birth weight School readiness among children Excess weight in children at age 10-11 (year 6) Excess mortality in adults with serious mental illness Suicide Mortality caused by Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Employment Feeling of belonging to a community (provisional) HIV late diagnosis People diagnosed with TB Adults walking or cycling for two periods of ten minutes each day Smoking

Graph and download economic data for Income Inequality in New London County, CT (2020RATIO009011) from 2010 to 2021 about New London County, CT; Norwich; inequality; CT; income; and USA.

Income Inequality in New London County, CT was 12.68979 Ratio in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Income Inequality in New London County, CT reached a record high of 13.63894 in January of 2018 and a record low of 10.80520 in January of 2010. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Income Inequality in New London County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in London. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $50,110 for males and $31,360 for females.

These income figures highlight a substantial gender-based income gap in London. Women, regardless of work hours, earn 63 cents for each dollar earned by men. This significant gender pay gap, approximately 37%, underscores concerning gender-based income inequality in the city of London.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $70,750, while females earned $49,242, leading to a 30% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 70 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time roles. This analysis indicates a widening gender pay gap, showing a substantial income disparity where women, despite working full-time, face a more significant wage discrepancy compared to men in the same roles.

Surprisingly, the gender pay gap percentage was higher across all roles, including non-full-time employment, for women compared to men. This suggests that full-time employment offers a more equitable income scenario for women compared to other employment patterns in London.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in London. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $37,598 for males and $21,979 for females.

These income figures highlight a substantial gender-based income gap in London. Women, regardless of work hours, earn 58 cents for each dollar earned by men. This significant gender pay gap, approximately 42%, underscores concerning gender-based income inequality in the city of London.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $53,839, while females earned $41,732, leading to a 22% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 78 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time roles. This analysis indicates a widening gender pay gap, showing a substantial income disparity where women, despite working full-time, face a more significant wage discrepancy compared to men in the same roles.

Surprisingly, the gender pay gap percentage was higher across all roles, including non-full-time employment, for women compared to men. This suggests that full-time employment offers a more equitable income scenario for women compared to other employment patterns in London.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

Ratio of household equivalised income of the top 10 per cent of households to the income of the bottom 10 per cent of households. Ratio calculated using weekly household income adjusted to take account of differences in numbers and ages of residents. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Development strategy. Click here to find out more.

The Mayor has a role to play in leading, shaping and responding to changes in London through the work of the GLA group. Inclusive London: the Mayor's equality, diversity and inclusion strategy sets out how he will help address the inequalities, barriers and discrimination experienced by groups protected by the Equality Act 2010, as well as wider issues. These include poverty and socio-economic inequality, and the challenges and disadvantage facing groups like young people in care, care leavers, single parents, migrants and refugees. This report, the equality, diversity and inclusion evidence base for London, informs the strategy. It presents evidence on London's diverse population, as well as the inequalities experienced by Londoners in areas such as housing, education, employment, transport, crime, health, social integration, culture and sport.

Health inequalities are the differences in health and wellbeing, risk or outcomes, between different groups of people. Tackling health inequalities requires knowledge about the factors affecting health. With input from key stakeholders we selected 12 indicators of health and the wider determinants of health which we will monitor over time. These indicators will improve our understanding of health inequalities.

Go to Tackling London’s Health Inequalities for more information on the HIS Health Inequalities Strategy and the Indicators.

Data and Resources

The most recent data for each indicator will be available for download below:

Overall measures of health inequality:

1. Slope Index of Inequality for Life Expectancy
2. Healthy Life Expectancy
3. Self-reported wellbeing:
   1. Happiness
   2. Life Satisfaction
   3. Worthwhileness
   4. Anxiety

More specific measures of health inequality:

1. School Readiness at age 5
2. Educational Achievement - Percentage of pupils achieving 5 or more GCSEs at grades A*-C (including English and Maths)
3. Antenatal late booking - Percentage of pregnant women booking after 12wks +6 days
4. Flu vaccination proportion of those >65 years and of those at risk
5. Vulnerable road user risk of fatality or serious injury
6. Homelessness
   1. Statutory homelessness
   2. Homelessness prevention
   3. Change in number of rough sleepers
7. Proportion of employees receiving lower income than the London Living Wage
8. Unemployment rates – model-based estimates; proportion of resident population
9. Childhood obesity - Proportion of children aged 4-5 classified as overweight or obese.

Description

This data companion pack is a resource intended to frame and be read alongside the linked Evidence Review: Housing and Health Inequalities in London (available on the Institute of Health Equity website) .

The resource provides intelligence and context on the housing and health inequalities in London only, while the accompanying rapid review of evidence for interventions contains the recommendations for action.​

1. This pack is intended to provide a high-level overview of the best available data on housing in London and the key housing-related health inequalities issues faced by Londoners, in correlation with the IHE Evidence Review: Housing and Health Inequalities in London.​
2. This pack identifies how certain groups in the population are at greatest risk of housing-related health inequalities, as well as noting gaps in available data for particularly excluded groups.
3. The pack provides a platform for partnership work on housing-related health inequalities across London, including providing an overview of key issues, and identifying key gaps in intelligence that would help improve understanding of housing-related inequalities across the capital. ​

Audience

It will be useful for health leaders, analysts, officers, and policy makers from local and regional government, integrated care systems, and more, to address ​housing-related health inequalities by -

• Advocating for the need for action to address housing inequalities, given impacts on health and health inequalities ​
• Framing the context for the interventions highlighted in the linked rapid review of interventions​
• Engaging communities ​

​Development of this resource

The Institute of Health Equity (IHE), Greater London Authority (GLA) Health, GLA City Intelligence Unit, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities London (OHID), Association of Directors of Public Health London (ADPH), and NHSE have collaboratively produced this report, as part of the Building the Evidence (BTE) programme of work

• The sources of data available and topics included have been identified from existing published data, working in partnership through iterative discussion
• The resource is provided in PDF and PowerPoint format to support colleagues in their work to
• There is no current plan for periodic updates of this resource, though this will be discussed on completion of this programme of work

Other useful resources:

• The Integrated Care Systems (ICS) Housing Profile is a resource that aims to support people working in ICSs and ICBs to understand, and work jointly with partners to mitigate and tackle the key housing-related issues that drive poor health in London.

🇬🇧 United Kingdom English Description This data companion pack is a resource intended to frame and be read alongside the linked Evidence Review: Housing and Health Inequalities in London (available on the Institute of Health Equity website) . The resource provides intelligence and context on the housing and health inequalities in London only, while the accompanying rapid review of evidence for interventions contains the recommendations for action.​ This pack is intended to provide a high-level overview of the best available data on housing in London and the key housing-related health inequalities issues faced by Londoners, in correlation with the IHE Evidence Review: Housing and Health Inequalities in London.​ This pack identifies how certain groups in the population are at greatest risk of housing-related health inequalities, as well as noting gaps in available data for particularly excluded groups. The pack provides a platform for partnership work on housing-related health inequalities across London, including providing an overview of key issues, and identifying key gaps in intelligence that would help improve understanding of housing-related inequalities across the capital. ​ Audience It will be useful for health leaders, analysts, officers, and policy makers from local and regional government, integrated care systems, and more, to address ​housing-related health inequalities by -

Description and Purpose

This data companion pack is a resource intended to frame and be read alongside the linked rapid review of evidence for interventions to address the cost of living crisis (available on the Institute of Health Equity website) .

The resource provides intelligence and context on the cost of living crisis in London only, while the accompanying rapid review of evidence for interventions to mitigate the impacts of the rising cost of living on London, contains the recommendations for action.​

1. This pack is intended to provide a high-level overview of the impacts of the costs of living crisis on London and the need Londoners have for support to deal with the cost of living crisis through intelligence available in the public domain.
2. This pack identifies how certain groups in the population already experiencing health inequalities are at greatest risk of poverty and worsening health due to the cost of living crisis.
3. Given there are significant gaps in intelligence available, this pack also highlights these gaps and limitations in our understanding.

Audience

It will be useful for health leaders, analysts, officers, and policy makers from local and regional government, integrated care systems, NHS, academia, VCS organisations and partners across London to support their work to address the costs of living crisis by​

• Advocating for the need for action to address the rising cost of living given impacts on health and health inequalities ​
• Framing the context for the interventions highlighted in the linked rapid review of interventions​
• Engaging communities ​

​Development of this resource

The Institute of Health Equity (IHE), Greater London Authority (GLA) Health, GLA City Intelligence Unit, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities London (OHID), Association of Directors of Public Health London (ADPH), and NHSE have collaboratively produced this report, as part of the Building the Evidence (BTE) programme of work

• The sources of data available and topics included have been identified from existing published data, working in partnership through iterative discussion
• The resource is provided in PDF and PowerPoint format to support colleagues in their work to
• There is no current plan for periodic updates of this resource, though this will be discussed on completion of this programme of work

The Greater London Authority (GLA) commissioned the University of Manchester to conduct a rapid evidence review to document and understand the impact of COVID-19 (in terms of both health and the broader impacts on existing social and economic inequalities) on those with protected characteristics, as well as those living in poorer, or more precarious, socioeconomic circumstances, paying particular attention to its effect in London. The report provides the outcomes of the review, as well as a series of recommendations, which are focused on identifying tractable policy solutions in order to prevent, or mitigate, the inequalities in relation to protected characteristics and socioeconomic position that result from the COVID-19 pandemic and policy responses to it. Also available to download below is a spreadsheet documenting the formalised literature review searches.

FOCUSONLONDON2010:HEALTH:CHILDRENANDYOUNGPEOPLE The health and wellbeing of London’s children and young people is fundamental to the health of the city. The recent Marmot Review of health inequalities noted that “What a child experiences during the early years lays down the foundation for the whole of their life.” The Mayor’s Health Inequality Strategy for London responds to this by challenging all partners in London to create “conditions that lead to better early years experiences”. This chapter, authored by colleagues at the London Health Observatory, provides recent evidence on the health experience of children and young people in London. The report includes data about the Local Index of Child Wellbeing, infant mortality, breastfeeding, immunisation, injury, childhood obesity, physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, teenage conceptions and sexual health. It reveals many areas of inequality within the city, but also highlights the ways in which London’s children are doing well. PRESENTATION: This interactive presentation about children’s health in London looks into some of the factors that may have an effect on the high childhood obesity figures in London. Access the presentation at Prezi.com FACTS: Some interesting facts from the report… ● Five boroughs with highest teenage conception rates in 2008:

In 2023, the gross domestic product per capita in London was 63,618 British pounds, compared with 37,135 pounds per capita for the United Kingdom as a whole. Apart from London, the only other region of the UK that had a greater GDP per capita than the UK average was South East England, at 38,004 pounds per capita. By contrast, North East England had the lowest GDP per capita among UK regions, at 26,347 pounds. Regional imbalance in the UK economy? London's overall GDP in 2022 was over 508 billion British pounds, which accounted for almost a quarter of the overall GDP of the United Kingdom. South East England had the second-largest regional economy in the country, with a GDP of almost 341.7 billion British pounds. Furthermore, these two regions were the only ones that had higher levels of productivity (as measured by output per hour worked) than the UK average. While recent governments have recognized regional inequality as a major challenge facing the country, it may take several years for any initiatives to bear fruit. The creation of regional metro mayors across England is one of the earliest attempts at giving regions and cities in particular more power over spending in their regions than they currently have. UK economy growth slow in late 2024 After ending 2023 with two quarters of negative growth, the UK economy grew at the reasonable rate of 0.8 percent and 0.4 percent in the first and second quarters of the year. This was, however, followed by zero growth in the third quarter, and by just 0.1 percent in the last quarter of the year. Other economic indicators, such as the inflation rate, fell within the expected range in 2024, but have started to rise again, with a rate of three percent recorded in January 2025. While unemployment has witnessed a slight uptick since 2022, it is still at quite low levels compared with previous years.

The median annual earnings in the United Kingdom was 39,039 British pounds per year in 2025. Annual earnings varied significantly by region, ranging from 49,692 pounds in London to 34,403 pounds in the North East. Along with London, only South East England and Scotland had earnings above the UK average, at 39,983 pounds and 39,719 pounds respectively. Regional Inequality in the UK Various other indicators highlight the degree of regional inequality in the UK, especially between London and the rest of the country. Productivity in London, as measured by output per hour, was 26.2 percent higher than the UK average. By comparison, every other UK region, except the South East, fell below the UK average for productivity. In gross domestic product per head, London was also an outlier. The average GDP per head in the UK was just over 37,000 pounds in 2023, but for London it was almost 64,000 pounds. Again, the South East's GDP per head was slightly above the UK average, with every other region below it. Within London itself, there is also a great degree of inequality. In 2023, for example, the average earnings in Kensington and Chelsea were 964 pounds per week, compared with 675 pounds in Barking and Dagenham. Wages continue to grow in 2025 In March 2025, weekly wages in the UK were growing by around 5.6 percent, or 1.8 percent when adjusted for inflation. For almost two years, wages have grown faster than inflation after a long period where prices were rising faster than wages between 2021 and 2023. This was due to a sustained period of high inflation in the UK, which peaked in October 2022 at 11.1 percent. Although inflation started to slow the following month, it wasn't until June 2023 that wages started to outpace inflation. By this point, the damage caused by high energy and food inflation had led to the the worst Cost of Living Crisis in the UK for a generation.

In 2024, the United Kingdom's Gini coefficient score was 34.1, an increase when compared with the previous year. The Gini coefficient is a measurement of inequality within economies, a lower score indicates more equality while a higher score implies more inequality.

This archive contains the ESRC funded data collection (UK data) only.

The data collection contains a state file consisting of 902 variables, 677 observations. The codebook available in the data collection provides detailed descriptions of variables and data codes (missing etc). For more information please contact stephani.hatch@kcl.ac.uk

Research from the United Kingdom and the United States shows wide health inequalities by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. So far we do not clearly understand the roles that discrimination and social context play in creating these inequalities.

Research teams at King's College London (UK) and Columbia University (USA) will carry out studies to investigate:

the roles that the historical social context and policy play in shaping observed patterns of health inequalities;

differences in anticipated and perceived experiences of discrimination;

how discrimination contributes to inequalities in everyday social functioning, mental health, physical health, and use of health services.

Comparisons will be made with 1600 adults from two larger studies, (i) the UK National Institute for Health Research-funded South East London Community Health study at the Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, and (ii) the US National Institute of Health-funded Child Health and Development Disparities Study in the East Bay Area of California. UK and US researchers, health practitioners, and community members will be invited to participate in developing the social and historical contextual narratives and in planning the dissemination of our research findings.

Unequal impact of COVID-19: BAME disproportionality Camden Demographics of Shielded Population by location age ethnicity deprivation gender GPs and reason for shielding.

Borgmesterens sundhedsulighedsstrategi beskriver hans planer om at tackle uretfærdige forskelle i sundhed for at gøre London til en sundere og mere retfærdig by.

Dette datasæt rapporterer de 14 overordnede indikatorer for befolkningens sundhed, der vil blive brugt til at overvåge Londons fremskridt med at reducere uligheder på sundhedsområdet i løbet af de næste ti år.

Temaerne for indikatorerne er anført nedenfor. Foranstaltningerne vil overvåge en identificeret ulighedskløft mellem definerede befolkningsgrupper.

Sund levealder ved fødslen — mand Sund levealder ved fødslen — kvinde Børn født med lav fødselsvægt Skoleparathed blandt børn Overvægt hos børn i alderen 10-11 år (år 6) Overdødelighed hos voksne med alvorlig psykisk sygdom Selvmord Dødelighed forårsaget af particulate Matter (PM2.5) Beskæftigelse Følelse af at tilhøre et fællesskab (foreløbig) Hiv sen diagnose Personer diagnosticeret med TB Voksne går eller cykler i to perioder på ti minutter hver dag Rygning