In January 2025, the average monthly rent in Greater London reached 2,227 British pounds, confirming its position as the most expensive area for private tenants. Rental prices across England stood at 1,375 British pounds, while the average for Great Britain was recorded at 1,332 British pounds. The North East remains the most affordable region, with rents at 710 British pounds. According to the UK Price Index of Private Rents (PIPR), rental growth has accelerated since 2021, with the cost of rental properties rising by nearly nine percent annually in January 2025.

In the five-year period between 2024 and 2028, the prime residential rent for existing properties in Greater London is expected to increase by over 19 percent. The highest percentage change is expected to occur in 2024, when rents are to rise by 5.5 percent. In the UK. rental growth has accelerated notably since 2021, with March 2024 experiencing a decade-high annual percentage growth. The trend reflects the complex interplay between housing affordability, mortgage rates, and supply of rental homes, as the UK housing market navigates a period of transition.

Median monthly rental prices for the private rental market in England by bedroom category, region and administrative area, calculated using data from the Valuation Office Agency and Office for National Statistics.

Housing Research Notes are a series of analytical reports from the Greater London Authority focusing on individual issues of relevance to housing policy in London. The most recent Housing Research Note (published in November 2023) estimates the annual cost to the NHS of homes in poor condition in London. It also estimates the cost of repairing all the homes in London that are in poor condition, calculating how long it would take the savings to pay off the repair costs. The analysis is broken down by tenure and compared with the same figures for the rest of England. Previous Housing Research Notes have analysed topics including housing supply, Help to Buy policy, short-term lettings, international comparisons, the factors behind increasing private rents and race equality. The Housing Research Notes are listed below in reverse date order: HRN 11 (2023) The cost of poor housing in London (November 2023) HRN 10 (2023) The affordability impacts of new housing supply: A summary of recent research (August 2023) HRN 09 (2023) Understanding recent rental trends in London’s private rental market (June 2023) HRN 08 (2022) Housing and race equality in London (March 2022) HRN 07 (2021) Who moves into social housing in London? (November 2021) HRN 06 (2021) An analysis of housing floorspace per person (February 2021) HRN 05 (2020) Intermediate housing: The evidence base (August 2020) HRN 04 (2020) Short-term and holiday letting in London (February 2020) HRN 03 (2019) Housing in four world cities: London, New York, Paris and Tokyo (April 2019) HRN 02 (2018) Help to Buy in London (September 2018) HRN 01 (2018) The profile of London's new homes in 2016/17: Analysis of the London Development Database (May 2018)

This dataset contains the data used in the study titled “Is hiding my first name enough? Using behavioural interventions to mitigate racial and gender discrimination in the rental housing market”. The data was collected from the London rental housing market between 2021 and 2022. Racial and gender biases are pervasive in housing markets. Males and ethnic minorities face discrimination in rental housing markets globally. The issue has been so pronounced that it regularly makes national and international headlines. In response to a racial discrimination lawsuit, Airbnb had to hide guests’ first names from rental hosts in Oregon, USA, starting in January 2022. Yet, there is little evidence that such measurement effectively counteracts racial and gender discrimination in housing markets.

Despite some well-established theoretical models developed more than half a century ago and a wealth of empirical evidence accumulated over the last two decades, studies examining effective solutions to combat discrimination remain sparse especially in housing markets. Given the complexity of the products and services involved and the relatively low frequency of transactions, nuanced studies are needed to understand how implicit racial and gender biases influence letting decisions.

This study investigates housing discrimination at the intersection where longstanding market behaviours meet the evolving insights of behavioural research. Although behavioural interventions have the potential to address both statistical and taste-based discrimination in the housing market, their successful implementation remains a challenge. Given the persistent biases and socio-economic dynamics in the housing market, interventions must be carefully tailored to the context.

By collecting evidence from field experiments, this research aims to gain insights into how real-world behavioural interventions can be effectively designed and implemented. Our focus remains twofold: to develop a robust theoretical framework and to translate its insights into tangible, impactful policy recommendations, with the ultimate goal of fostering a more inclusive housing market.

Although China has almost eliminated urban poverty, the total number of Chinese citizens in poverty remains at 82 million, most of which are rural residents. The development of rural finance is essential to preventing the country from undergoing further polarization because of the significant potential of such development to facilitate resource interflows between rural and urban markets and to support sustainable development in the agricultural sector. However, rural finance is the weakest point in China's financial systems. Rural households are more constrained than their urban counterparts in terms of financial product availability, consumer protection, and asset accumulation. The development of the rural financial system faces resistance from both the demand and the supply sides.

The proposed project addresses this challenge by investigating the applications of a proven behavioural approach, namely, Libertarian Paternalism, in the development of rural financial systems in China. This approach promotes choice architectures to nudge people into optimal decisions without interfering with the freedom of choice. It has been rigorously tested and warmly received in the UK public policy domain. This approach also fits the political and cultural background in China, in which the central government needs to maintain a firm control over financial systems as the general public increasingly demands more freedom.

Existing behavioural studies have been heavily reliant on laboratory experiments. Although the use of field studies has been increasing, empirical evidence from the developing world is limited. Meanwhile, the applications of behavioural insights in rural economic development in China remains an uncharted territory. Rural finance studies on the household level are limited; evidence on the role of psychological and social factors in rural households' financial decisions is scarce. The proposed project will bridge this gap in the literature.

The prime property rental real estate market in Outer London is expected to see an overall increase in rental rates during the ********* period between 2024 and 2028, according to a May 2024 forecast. Over the ********* period, the cumulative prime rental growth is forecast at **** percent. Nationwide, residential rents have soared since 2021, with the annual rental growth peaking at over **** percent in **********.

Rents in England's capital, London, declined by *** percent annually as of January 2025. Nevertheless, many boroughs recorded growing rental prices, with Bromley and Croydon observing double-digit growth. Across the region, Croydon, Barking, Dagenham, and Havering ranked as some of the most affordable areas to rent. As shown by the Index of Private Housing Rental Prices, rents in the UK have soared since the COVID-19 pandemic.

Between 2008 and 2024, the average weekly rent for private renters in England has shown a significant increase. In the 2009, the average rent was 153 British pounds, and by 2024, it had risen to 237 British pounds. Excluding London, the average rent started at 130 British pounds in 2009 and reached 191 British pounds in 2024, demonstrating a similar upward trend but at a lower rate compared to the overall average in England. Rental households in England Renting is common in England. Nearly one in five households occupied a dwelling that was privately rented in 2024. While the majority of households in the country live in an owner-occupied home, this percentage has declined since the early 2000s. Meanwhile, the share of households occupying a private rental has doubled over the past decade. This shows a growing rental sector and a shift in tenure trends in the country. Buying vs renting costs For a long time, the average monthly costs of buying a home were lower than renting. In 2021, housing costs started to increase steeply, closely followed by rental costs. This resulted in the gap nearly closing in 2023. This trend can also be observed through the house price to rent ratio - an index that follows the development of house prices relative to rents, with 2015 as a baseline year. Between 2015 and 2022, the ratio grew steadily, indicating that property prices rise faster than rents. However, with rental growth accelerating and catching up with property prices in 2022, the index declined notably.

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report,The Europe Landlord Insurance market size will be $27,770.62 Million by 2028.The Europe Landlord Insurance Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 7.94% from 2023 to 2030. What is Driving Landlord Insurance Industry Growth?

Rising demand of rental properties

It is said that the best investment is a land investment. Population across the globe follows these proverbs and invest their saving in buying homes. The housing process in European countries were observed at its peak which were derived by the large investors. The institutional investors including private equity and pension funds has raise the houses prices in the European countries. The volume of purchases in Europe hit €64bn (£53bn) in 2020, with about €150bn value of housing stock conservatively estimated to be in the hands of such large investors. According to Preqin private database of investors, Berlin, with €40bn worth of housing assets in institutional portfolios is at top followed by London, Amsterdam, Paris and Vienna.

The data from Berlin’s Free University states that the Europe’s housing has become increasingly attractive asset class for investors owing to near-zero interest rates and cheering regulatory outlines. The data from European central bank shows that the real estate funds in the Eurozone reached €1tn in 2021 in which residential assets are consider as progressively central part. The institutional investors’ residential transactions between 2012 and 2021 was increased in Germany, Denmark followed by Netherlands.

Significant occupancy of residential and commercial properties by institutional investors led to the undersupply of housing across the continent and results in the increasing rental rates. Owing to the chronic undersupply of housing in several European countries, the population of the tenants increases which simultaneously increases the demand of rental properties in Europe. Moreover, the capability of population to purchase house is also decreasing with the increasing annual house prices. The data shows a surge in rents by 16.0 % and house prices by 38.7 % from 2010 to third quarter of 2021 in Europe. The rent and houses price in Europe has increased by 1.2 % and 9.2 % respectively from third quarter of 2021 to third quarter of 2020.

Landlord insurance is applicable to rental properties only. Hence, with the increasing demand of rental properties in Europe is driving the growth of landlord insurance market.

Increase in natural disasters is propelling market growth

Restraint of the Europe Landlord Insurance Market

Inadequate information related to landlord insurance policies.(Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)

Opportunities of the Europe Landlord Insurance Market

Introduction of new technologies in insurance industry.(Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)

What is Landlord Insurance?

Landlord Insurance is a sort of homeowner's insurance that protects homeowners against financial losses associated with rental properties. This insurance includes coverage for fire and other dangers, as well as theft and intentional damage.

Several European nations are quickly implementing landlord insurance for their buildings. Property and liability protection are two forms of coverage that are commonly included in insurance policies. Both insurance policies are designed to protect both the landlord and the renters from financial losses.

Damage to property, income replacement, liability insurance, and add-on coverage are all covered by landlord insurance. It assists clients in protecting themselves from financial losses caused by natural catastrophes, injuries, accidents, and other liability concerns.

It also provides payment for lost rent, repairs, and property replacement that are covered by landlord insurance.

Landlord liability insurance, landlord buildings insurance, landlord contents insurance, loss of rent insurance, tenant default insurance, accidental damage insurance, alternative accommodation insurance, unoccupied property insurance, and legal expenses insurance are among the various types of landlord insurance.

In Europe, several online and offline landlord insurance businesses offer solutions for both residential and commercial properties. This landlord insurance migh...

Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in New London County, CT was 7.21% in December of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in New London County, CT reached a record high of 61.01 in February of 2023 and a record low of -69.62 in May of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in New London County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) was 18.64% in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) reached a record high of 80.45 in February of 2023 and a record low of -69.62 in May of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Year-Over-Year in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Prime London flats in Outer and Central London, have reduced in prices in the period between March 2020 and 2021 and so have the Central London prime houses. Outer London prime houses, regional and coastal prime properties, on the other hand, saw prices grow in the same period. The highest increase in prices was recorded among prime country houses over *** million British pounds. According to the forecast, prime property prices both in Central and in Outer London are expected to increase in the next **** year.

Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Month-Over-Month in New London County, CT was 9.31% in December of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Month-Over-Month in New London County, CT reached a record high of 43.33 in July of 2024 and a record low of -37.62 in March of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market Month-Over-Month in New London County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in New London County, CT was -14.40603 % Chg. from Yr. Ago in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in New London County, CT reached a record high of 196.55719 in March of 2021 and a record low of -22.30298 in July of 2024. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in New London County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify Household Reference Persons aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by tenure and by economic activity status. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

There is evidence of people incorrectly identifying their type of landlord as ”Council or local authority” or “Housing association”. You should add these two categories together when analysing data that uses this variable. Read more about this quality notice.

As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using this data for planning purposes. Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Lower tier local authorities

Lower tier local authorities provide a range of local services. There are 309 lower tier local authorities in England made up of 181 non-metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities, 36 metropolitan districts and 33 London boroughs (including City of London). In Wales there are 22 local authorities made up of 22 unitary authorities.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. However, you can choose to filter areas by:

• country - for example, Wales
• region - for example, London
• local authority - for example, Cornwall
• health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
• statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Tenure of household

Whether a household owns or rents the accommodation that it occupies.

Owner-occupied accommodation can be:

• owned outright, which is where the household owns all of the accommodation
• with a mortgage or loan
• part-owned on a shared ownership scheme

Rented accommodation can be:

• private rented, for example, rented through a private landlord or letting agent
• social rented through a local council or housing association

This information is not available for household spaces with no usual residents.

Economic activity status

People aged 16 years and over are economically active if, between 15 March and 21 March 2021, they were:

• in employment (an employee or self-employed)
• unemployed, but looking for work and could start within two weeks
• unemployed, but waiting to start a job that had been offered and accepted

It is a measure of whether or not a person was an active participant in the labour market during this period. Economically inactive are those aged 16 years and over who did not have a job between 15 March to 21 March 2021 and had not looked for work between 22 February to 21 March 2021 or could not start work within two weeks.

The census definition differs from International Labour Organization definition used on the Labour Force Survey, so estimates are not directly comparable.

This classification splits out full-time students from those who are not full-time students when they are employed or unemployed. It is recommended to sum these together to look at all of those in employment or unemployed, or to use the four category labour market classification, if you want to look at all those with a particular labour market status.

These National Statistics provide monthly estimates of the number of residential and non-residential property transactions in the UK and its constituent countries. National Statistics are accredited official statistics.

England and Northern Ireland statistics are based on information submitted to the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) database by taxpayers on SDLT returns.

Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) replaced SDLT in Scotland from 1 April 2015 and this data is provided to HMRC by https://www.revenue.scot/" class="govuk-link">Revenue Scotland to continue the time series.

Land Transaction Tax (LTT) replaced SDLT in Wales from 1 April 2018. To continue the time series, the https://gov.wales/welsh-revenue-authority" class="govuk-link">Welsh Revenue Authority (WRA) have provided HMRC with a monthly data feed of LTT transactions since July 2021.

LTT figures for the latest month are estimated using a grossing factor based on data for the most recent and complete financial year. Until June 2021, LTT transactions for the latest month were estimated by HMRC based upon year on year growth in line with other UK nations.

LTT transactions up to the penultimate month are aligned with LTT statistics.

Go to Stamp Duty Land Tax guidance for the latest rates and information.

Go to Stamp Duty Land Tax rates from 1 December 2003 to 22 September 2022 and Stamp Duty: rates on land transfers before December 2003 for historic rates.

The latest release was published 09:30 27 June 2025 and was updated with provisional data from completed transactions during May 2025.

The next release will be published 09:30 31 July 2025 and will be updated with provisional data from completed transactions during June 2025.

https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240320184933/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/monthly-property-transactions-completed-in-the-uk-with-value-40000-or-above" class="govuk-link">Archive versions of the Monthly property transactions completed in the UK with value of £40,000 or above are available via the UK Government Web Archive, from the National Archives.

Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) was -11.72934 % Chg. from Yr. Ago in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) reached a record high of 195.62966 in March of 2021 and a record low of -24.21746 in July of 2024. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Market Hotness: Listing Views per Property in Norwich-New London, CT (CBSA) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.