The median annual earnings in the United Kingdom was 39,039 British pounds per year in 2025. Annual earnings varied significantly by region, ranging from 49,692 pounds in London to 34,403 pounds in the North East. Along with London, only South East England and Scotland had earnings above the UK average, at 39,983 pounds and 39,719 pounds respectively. Regional Inequality in the UK Various other indicators highlight the degree of regional inequality in the UK, especially between London and the rest of the country. Productivity in London, as measured by output per hour, was 26.2 percent higher than the UK average. By comparison, every other UK region, except the South East, fell below the UK average for productivity. In gross domestic product per head, London was also an outlier. The average GDP per head in the UK was just over 37,000 pounds in 2023, but for London it was almost 64,000 pounds. Again, the South East's GDP per head was slightly above the UK average, with every other region below it. Within London itself, there is also a great degree of inequality. In 2023, for example, the average earnings in Kensington and Chelsea were 964 pounds per week, compared with 675 pounds in Barking and Dagenham. Wages continue to grow in 2025 In March 2025, weekly wages in the UK were growing by around 5.6 percent, or 1.8 percent when adjusted for inflation. For almost two years, wages have grown faster than inflation after a long period where prices were rising faster than wages between 2021 and 2023. This was due to a sustained period of high inflation in the UK, which peaked in October 2022 at 11.1 percent. Although inflation started to slow the following month, it wasn't until June 2023 that wages started to outpace inflation. By this point, the damage caused by high energy and food inflation had led to the the worst Cost of Living Crisis in the UK for a generation.

A 2021, study explored the minimum, average, and maximum annual salaries of those working in the restaurant industry in London, England. In that year, general managers earned an average of 40 thousand British pounds, with the potential to earn a maximum of 75 thousand pounds.

Update 29-04-2020: The data is now split into two files based on the variable collection frequency (monthly and yearly). Additional variables added: area size in hectares, number of jobs in the area, number of people living in the area.

Context

I have been inspired by Xavier and his work on Barcelona to explore the city of London! 🇬🇧 💂

Content

The datasets is primarily centered around the housing market of London. However, it contains a lot of additional relevant data: - Monthly average house prices - Yearly number of houses - Yearly number of houses sold - Yearly percentage of households that recycle - Yearly life satisfaction - Yearly median salary of the residents of the area - Yearly mean salary of the residents of the area - Monthly number of crimes committed - Yearly number of jobs - Yearly number of people living in the area - Area size in hectares

The data is split by areas of London called boroughs (a flag exists to identify these), but some of the variables have other geographical UK regions for reference (like England, North East, etc.). There have been no changes made to the data except for melting it into a long format from the original tables.

Acknowledgements

The data has been extracted from London Datastore. It is released under UK Open Government License v2 and v3. The underlining datasets can be found here: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/uk-house-price-index https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/number-and-density-of-dwellings-by-borough https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/subjective-personal-well-being-borough https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/household-waste-recycling-rates-borough https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/earnings-place-residence-borough https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/recorded_crime_summary https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/jobs-and-job-density-borough https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/ons-mid-year-population-estimates-custom-age-tables

Cover photo by Frans Ruiter from Unsplash

Inspiration

The dataset lends itself for extensive exploratory data analysis. It could also be a great supervised learning regression problem to predict house price changes of different boroughs over time.

The median annual earnings for full-time employees in London was approximately 49,692 British pounds in 2025, compared with 47,441 pounds in the previous year. At the start of the provided time period, in 1999, the average full-time salary in London was 22,487 pounds per year, with median earnings exceeding 30,000 pounds per year in 2006, and reaching 40,000 pounds by 2020.

Dataset Overview:

This dataset represents a small structured dataset containing information about different job positions, their respective levels, salaries, departments, years of experience, and job locations. Although the dataset has only 20 rows and 6 columns, it provides valuable insights into salary structures across roles and industries.

Details

• Number of Rows: 20
• Number of Columns: 6
• Columns:
  1. Position – The job title (e.g., Business Analyst, Manager, CEO).
  2. Level – A numeric indicator of the position hierarchy (1 = entry-level, 10 = highest).
  3. Salary – The annual salary offered for the position.
  4. Department – The department where the position belongs (Analytics, Consulting, Management, etc.).
  5. YearsExperience – The average number of years of experience required or observed for that role.
  6. Location – The geographical location of the position (e.g., New York, London, Paris).

Key Observations

1. Position Hierarchy

   • The dataset has a Level column ranging from 1 (Business Analyst) up to 10 (CEO).
   • This indicates a clear career progression path.

2. Salary Distribution

   • Minimum salary: 45,000
   • Maximum salary: 1,000,000
   • Average salary: 221,900
   • Salaries increase significantly with higher levels, showing a non-linear relationship (CEO salary jumps much higher than mid-level positions).

3. Experience Levels

   • Minimum years of experience: 1 year
   • Maximum years of experience: 25 years
   • Median experience: 7.5 years
   • Higher positions generally require more years of experience.

4. Departments & Locations

   • Departments include Analytics, Consulting, Management, and Leadership roles.
   • Locations are spread across global cities such as New York, London, Berlin, and Paris, suggesting this dataset is international in scope.

Insights and Potential Uses

• Salary Prediction: The dataset can be used to model how salary changes with position Level or YearsExperience.
• Career Path Analysis: Shows how employees move up in hierarchy and compensation.
• Departmental Comparison: Compare salary trends across different departments.
• Location-based Trends: Explore how job location affects pay.

Limitations

• The dataset is very small (only 20 entries), which limits statistical power and generalizability.
• Some important features (e.g., gender, education, company size) are missing.
• It is more suitable for learning/demo purposes rather than real-world decision making.

Conclusion

Despite being a tiny dataset, position_salaries.csv provides a clean and structured representation of hierarchical job positions, salaries, and experience. It is especially useful for teaching machine learning concepts like regression, salary prediction, and visualization of career progression.

The London Fire Brigade (LFB) publishes details of certain senior staff as required by the Accounts and Audit Regulations 2015 (Statutory Instrument 2015/234) as part of its annual accounts:

• the number of employees whose remuneration in that year was at least £50,000 in brackets of £5,000
• details of remuneration and job title of certain senior employees whose salary is at least £50,000, and
• employees whose salaries are £150,000 or more must also be identified by name.

This information is included in the published accounts which are available here for 2018/19 on the LFB website.

The 'senior staff' prescribed by the regulations for the Brigade comprise four officers namely: the Director of Corporate Services, the Director (Deputy Commissioner) of Safety and Assurance, and the Director (Deputy Commissioner) of Operations and General Counsel.

Under the Local Government Transparency Code 2015, the Brigade must also publish a list of responsibilities (for example, the services and functions they are responsible for, budget held and number of staff) and details of bonuses and ‘benefits-in-kind’, for all senior employees whose salary exceeds £50,000. And, in the interests of transparency, the Brigade publishes details of all staff who are designated as heads of service (assistant directors and assistant commissioners) in addition to the four officers required by the Accounts and Audit Regulations, and this information is available on this page.

Details of gifts, hospitality and expenses for senior LFB staff are published quarterly here.

Note: For Commissioner/Director roles, the budget and staffing figures have been aggregated from the budgets/staff held by Heads of Service under each Director, so there is some double counting.

LFB staff are employed by the London Fire Commissioner who is the fire and rescue authority for London; the London Fire Commissioner is not an employee of the LFB and is employed by the Greater London Authority. Details for LFC are included on this page for completeness.

The median annual earnings for full-time employees in the United Kingdom was just over 39,000 British pounds in 2025, compared with 37,400 pounds in the previous year. At the start of the provided time period, in 1999, the average full-time salary in the UK was 17,800 pounds per year, with median earnings exceeding 20,000 pounds per year in 2002, and 30,000 by 2019. Wages continue to grow faster than inflation in 2025 Between November 2021 and July 2023 inflation was higher than wage growth in the UK, with wages still outpacing inflation as of March 2025. At the peak of the recent wave of high inflation in October 2022, the CPI inflation rate reached a 41-year-high of 11.1 percent, wages were growing much slower at 6.1 percent. Since that peak, inflation remained persistently high for several months, only dropping below double figures in April 2023, when inflation was 8.7 percent, down from 10.1 percent in the previous month. For 2023 as a whole, the average annual rate of inflation was 7.3 percent but fell to 2.5 percent in 2024, but is forecast to increase to 3.2 percent in 2025. Highest and lowest-paid occupations As of 2023, the highest-paid occupation in the UK was that of Chief Executives and Senior Officials, who had an average weekly pay of approximately, 1,576 pounds. By contrast, the lowest-paid occupation that year was that of retail cashiers, and check-out operators, who earned approximately 383 pounds a week. For industry sectors as a whole, people who worked full-time in the electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply sector had the highest average earnings, at 955 pounds a week, compared with 505 pounds a week in the accommodation and food services sector, the lowest average earnings in 2023.

In 2011, the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster City Council embarked upon a unique and ambitious shared services programme providing savings of up to £40million a year across the three boroughs by 2015/16. The number of senior and middle managers has reduced by 50% which has dramatically reduced the cost of the executive pay bill for the three boroughs. Details relating to all managers employed by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea who on a full time equivalent basis earn more than £58,200pa. Last update: 29 July 2013

Full-time workers in London earned an average weekly salary of 958.2 British pounds a week in 2025, which was by far the highest of any region of the United Kingdom. The region with the lowest average salary was North East England, at 681.2 pounds a week.

Graph and download economic data for Estimated Mean Real Household Wages Adjusted by Cost of Living for New London County, CT (MWACL09011) from 2009 to 2021 about New London County, CT; Norwich; CT; adjusted; average; wages; real; and USA.

This dataset contains gender pay gap figures for all employees in London and large employers in London. The pay gap figures for GLA group organisations can be found on their respective websites. The gender pay gap is the difference in the average hourly wage of all men and women across a workforce. If women do more of the less well paid jobs within an organisation than men, the gender pay gap is usually bigger. The UK government publish gender pay gap figures for all employers with 250 or more employees. A cut of this dataset that only shows employers that are registered in London can be found below.

Read a report by the Local Government Association (LGA) that summarises the mean and median pay gaps in local authorities, as well as the distribution of staff across pay quartiles.

This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more.

This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Development strategy. Click here to find out more.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents median income data over a decade or more for males and females categorized by Total, Full-Time Year-Round (FT), and Part-Time (PT) employment in London. It showcases annual income, providing insights into gender-specific income distributions and the disparities between full-time and part-time work. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into gender-based pay disparity trends and explore the variations in income for male and female individuals.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

Based on our analysis ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates, we present the following observations: - All workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, the median income for all workers aged 15 years and older, regardless of work hours, was $50,110 for males and $31,360 for females.

These income figures highlight a substantial gender-based income gap in London. Women, regardless of work hours, earn 63 cents for each dollar earned by men. This significant gender pay gap, approximately 37%, underscores concerning gender-based income inequality in the city of London.

- Full-time workers, aged 15 years and older: In London, among full-time, year-round workers aged 15 years and older, males earned a median income of $70,750, while females earned $49,242, leading to a 30% gender pay gap among full-time workers. This illustrates that women earn 70 cents for each dollar earned by men in full-time roles. This analysis indicates a widening gender pay gap, showing a substantial income disparity where women, despite working full-time, face a more significant wage discrepancy compared to men in the same roles.

Surprisingly, the gender pay gap percentage was higher across all roles, including non-full-time employment, for women compared to men. This suggests that full-time employment offers a more equitable income scenario for women compared to other employment patterns in London.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Gender classifications include:

• Male
• Female

Employment type classifications include:

• Full-time, year-round: A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked full time (35 or more hours per week) and 50 or more weeks during the previous calendar year.
• Part-time: A part-time worker is a person who worked less than 35 hours per week during the previous calendar year.

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year. Expected values are 2010 to 2023
• Male Total Income: Annual median income, for males regardless of work hours
• Male FT Income: Annual median income, for males working full time, year-round
• Male PT Income: Annual median income, for males working part time
• Female Total Income: Annual median income, for females regardless of work hours
• Female FT Income: Annual median income, for females working full time, year-round
• Female PT Income: Annual median income, for females working part time

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London median household income by race. You can refer the same here

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for new london, ct in the U.S.

OPDC Senior salaries and pay multiple are published in line with the Local Government Transparency Code (see pages 76-78 of the GLA’s ‘Appendices to the Mayor of London’s Annual Report’). https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/annual_report_2015-2016_appendices.pdf

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for london, ky in the U.S.